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Publius Quinctilius Varus
Publius Quinctilius Varus (Cremona, 46 BC – Teutoburg Forest, AD 9) was a Roman general and politician under the first Roman emperor Augustus. Varus is generally remembered for having lost three Roman legions when ambushed by Germanic tribes led by Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, whereupon he took his own life. Background and early career Although he was a patrician by birth, his family, the Quinctilii Vari, had long been impoverished and was unimportant; Ronald Syme notes, "The sole and last consul of that family", Sextus Quinctilius, "had been two years antecedent to the Decemvirs" (i.e. 453 BC).Syme, ''The Augustan Aristocracy'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), p. 313 His father, Sextus Quinctilius Varus, was a senator who had served as a quaestor in 49 BC. This Sextus aligned with the Senatorial Party in the civil war against Julius Caesar. Although Sextus survived the defeat, it is unknown whether he was involved in the assassination of Julius Caesar. Sext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varus - Antiquitates Germanicæ - Tacitus & Hooft
Varus may refer to: * Var River or Varus, a river in France * Stura di Lanzo or Varus, a river in Italy * Varus deformity, a medical term for the inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint ** Coxa vara, affecting the hip ** Genu varum, affecting the knee ** Hallux varus, affecting the big toe ** Cubitus varus, affecting the elbow ** Club foot (talipes equinovarus), affecting the heel People with the name * Publius Attius Varus (died 45 BC), Roman governor of Africa * Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 BC–AD 9), politician and general of the Roman Empire * Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger (c. AD 1–27), son of Publius Quinctilius Varus * Marcus Plancius Varus (1st century AD), politician of the Roman Empire * Gaius Plancius Varus (1st–2nd century AD), son of Marcus Plancius Varus and politician of the Roman Empire * Titus Clodius Vibius Varus, Roman consul, 160 AD * Titus Vibius Varus, Roman consul, 134 AD * Titus Vibius Varus, Roman suffect consul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination Of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator, was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March (15 March) of 44 BC during a meeting of the Senate at the Curia of Pompey of the Theatre of Pompey in Rome where the senators stabbed Caesar 23 times. They claimed to be acting over fears that Caesar's unprecedented concentration of power during his dictatorship was undermining the Roman Republic. At least 60 senators were party to the conspiracy, led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. Despite the death of Caesar, the conspirators were unable to restore the institutions of the Republic. The ramifications of the assassination led to the Liberators' civil war and ultimately to the Principate period of the Roman Empire. Causes Caesar had served the Republic for eight years in the Gallic Wars, fully conquering the region of Gaul (roughly equivalent to modern-day France). After the Roman Senate demanded Caesar to disband his army and return home as a civilian, he ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus
Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus (fl. 1st century AD) was a Roman Senator. He was appointed consul in AD 8 as the colleague of Marcus Furius Camillus. Biography Nonius Quinctilianus was probably the son of Lucius Nonius Asprenas, who was the son of the suffect consul of 36 BC, and Quinctilla, who was the sister of Publius Quinctilius Varus (who died at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest). It has also been postulated that he may have been the natural son of Publius Quinctilius Varus and who was at some point adopted by his brother-in-law Lucius Nonius Asprenas. If so, he might have been a son of Varus' wife Vipsania. In 6 BC, Nonius Quinctilianus was a ''Triumvir monetalis''. In 4 BC he accompanied Varus to Syria, probably as one of his military tribunes. His "election" as Roman consul in AD 8 occurred under unusual circumstances as the elections in AD 7 for the following year's magistrates were so contentious that the emperor Augustus was forced to appoint them himself, with Augustus se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josephus
Flavius Josephus (; grc-gre, Ἰώσηπος, ; 37 – 100) was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader, best known for ''The Jewish War'', who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry. He initially fought against the Romans during the First Jewish–Roman War as head of Jewish forces in Galilee, until surrendering in 67 AD to Roman forces led by Vespasian after the six-week siege of Yodfat. Josephus claimed the Jewish Messianic prophecies that initiated the First Jewish–Roman War made reference to Vespasian becoming Emperor of Rome. In response, Vespasian decided to keep Josephus as a slave and presumably interpreter. After Vespasian became Emperor in 69 AD, he granted Josephus his freedom, at which time Josephus assumed the emperor's family name of Flavius.Simon Claude Mimouni, ''Le Judaïsme ancien du VIe siècle avant notre ère au IIIe siècle de notre ère : Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caecilia Attica
Attica (born ca 58–51 BC, perhaps died around 32–29 BC) was the daughter of Cicero's Epicurean friend Titus Pomponius Atticus. She was also the first wife of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, close friend of the emperor Augustus. Early life Attica is generally held to have been born in 51 BC but some historians have argued for earlier dates, E. F. Leon proposed 55 BC, which was accepted by Meyer Reinhold and Stephen V. F. Waite while D. R. Shackleton Bailey dated Cicero's letter where he mentions her recent birth to 58 BC. Her mother, Pilia (born before 75 BC), daughter of Pilius, was a maternal granddaughter of Marcus Licinius Crassus, a member of the First Triumvirate. Her father Atticus and Pilia were married circa 58-56 BC, when Atticus was already 53 or 54 years old. Her mother died after 12 years of marriage in 46 BC. Name Attica's father Titus Pomponius Atticus was at a relatively advanced age adopted by his maternal uncle, Quintus Caecilius, this meant according to the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claudia Marcella Major
Claudia Marcella Major (''PIR2'' C 1102; born some time before 40 BC) was the senior niece of Roman emperor Augustus, being the eldest daughter of his sister Octavia the Younger and her first husband Gaius Claudius Marcellus. She became the second wife of Augustus' foremost general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and after that the wife of Iullus Antonius, the son of Mark Antony. Biography Early life Marcella belonged to the generation whose childhood was marred by the violence of the civil wars of the Roman Republic. She was likely the first child of her parents, being followed by her brother Marcus Claudius Marcellus and sister Claudia Marcella Minor. From her mother's second marriage to Mark Antony she would also gain two half sisters, Antonia the Elder and Antonia the Younger. Marriages Marcella's first known marriage was to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in 28 BC. She was his second wife. Augustus held Agrippa in the highest place of honor.Plutarch, ''Mark Antony'', 87 Agrippa was a mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vipsania (wife Of Varus)
Vipsania (likely born between 28–22 BC and sometimes called Vipsania Marcella to differentiate her from her sisters) was an ancient Roman noblewoman of the first century BC. She was married to the politician Publius Quinctilius Varus and was a daughter of Roman general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and his second wife Claudia Marcella Major (the niece of emperor Caesar Augustus). History Early life Vipsania was likely born between 28 BC and 22 BC to Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and his second wife Claudia Marcella Major, the eldest daughter of emperor Augustus sister Octavia Minor. This hypothesis is rebutted by Meyer Reinhold who considered that she was the daughter by Agrippa's first wife Pomponia Caecilia Attica. She is thought to have had a younger full sister and two older half sisters ( one who married Quintus Haterius and another named Vipsania Agrippina who married the future emperor Tiberius) as well as five younger half-siblings named Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Consul
A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic ( to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the second-highest level of the ''cursus honorum'' (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politicians aspired) after that of the censor. Each year, the Centuriate Assembly elected two consuls to serve jointly for a one-year term. The consuls alternated in holding '' fasces'' – taking turns leading – each month when both were in Rome and a consul's ''imperium'' extended over Rome and all its provinces. There were two consuls in order to create a check on the power of any individual citizen in accordance with the republican belief that the powers of the former kings of Rome should be spread out into multiple offices. To that end, each consul could veto the actions of the other consul. After the establishment of the Empire (27 BC), the consuls became mere symbolic representatives of Rome's republican heritage and held very little ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was the second Roman emperor. He reigned from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC. His father was the politician Tiberius Claudius Nero and his mother was Livia Drusilla, who would eventually divorce his father, and marry the future-emperor Augustus in 38 BC. Following the untimely deaths of Augustus' two grandsons and adopted heirs, Gaius and Lucius Caesar, Tiberius was designated Augustus' successor. Prior to this, Tiberius had proved himself an able diplomat, and one of the most successful Roman generals: his conquests of Pannonia, Dalmatia, Raetia, and (temporarily) parts of Germania laid the foundations for the empire's northern frontier. Early in his career, Tiberius was happily married to Vipsania, daughter of Augustus' friend, distinguished general and intended heir, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. They had a son, Drusus Jul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (; BC – 12 BC) was a Roman general, statesman, and architect who was a close friend, son-in-law, and lieutenant to the Roman emperor Augustus. He was responsible for the construction of some of the most notable buildings in history, including the original Pantheon, Rome, Pantheon, and is well known for his important military victories, notably the Battle of Actium in 31 BC against the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. Born to a Plebs, plebeian Vipsania gens, family around 63 BC, in an uncertain location in Roman Italy, he met the future emperor Augustus, then known as Octavian, at Apollonia (Illyria), Apollonia, in Illyria. Following the Assassination of Julius Caesar, assassination of Octavian's great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BC, Octavian returned to Italy. Around this time, he was elected tribune of the plebs. Agrippa served as a military commander, fighting alongside Octavian and Caesar's former general and right-hand man Mark Antony in the Bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Nonius Asprenas (suspected Poisoner)
Lucius Nonius Asprenas was a Roman Senator active during the Principate. He was notorious for being prosecuted for poisoning a number of people at a dinner party. Biography The son of Lucius Nonius Asprenas, the suffect consul of 36 BC, Asprenas was a member of the ''nobiles'' and an intimate friend of the emperor Augustus. In around 9 BC, Nonius Asprenas was brought to trial after a number of his guests (reportedly some 130 people) died after attending a party which he hosted. Cassius Severus brought the charges against him, alleging that Asprenas had poisoned them. His defence was conducted by Gaius Asinius Pollio. Augustus expressed his concern over the charges in the Senate and made an appearance at court, but did not make any statement while present. Nevertheless, the emperor's ''auctoritas'' was sufficient to win an acquittal for Asprenas. That charges had been brought against him was enough to ruin his political career; not only did he forfeit his seat as one of the ''Sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus Appuleius
Sextus Appuleius is the name of four figures during the 1st century BC and 1st century AD. The first Sextus Appuleius was married to Octavia Major, the elder half-sister of Augustus. The three subsequent figures named Sextus Appuleius are respectively the son, grandson and great-grandson of Sextus Appuleius (I) and Octavia Major.Braund, D., ''Augustus to Nero: A Source Book on Roman History 31 BC - AD 68'' (1985), p. 12/ref> Sextus Appuleius I (husband of Octavia Major) Date of his birth and death are unknown. He married Octavia Major, the elder half-sister of Augustus, by whom he had at least one son, also named Sextus Appuleius (II). It is postulated that he had a second son, Marcus Appuleius, the consul of 20 BC. It is possible that this Sextus Appuleius was ''Flamen Iulialis''.ILS 8963; CarthageSyme, R., ''Augustan Aristocracy'' (1989), p. 152 Sextus Appuleius II (consul 29 BC) Sextus Appuleius II was son of the above and Octavia Major, the elder half-sister of Augustus. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
