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Pterygoplichthyini
Pterygoplichthyini is a tribe of catfishes ( order Siluriformes) of the family Loricariidae. It includes two genera, ''Pterygoplichthys'' and the currently undescribed genus referred to as the ''Hemiancistrus annectens'' group, This group was earlier misspelled as Pterygoplichthini. Pterygoplichthyines are known from nearly the entire range of loricariids except for the Guyanas and coastal streams in southeastern Brazil. although later work by the same authority, and his co-authors, placed this group among the genus ''Hypostomus''. Pterygoplichthyini is sister to the tribe Ancistrini, which shares the derived Derive may refer to: * Derive (computer algebra system), a commercial system made by Texas Instruments * ''Dérive'' (magazine), an Austrian science magazine on urbanism *Dérive, a psychogeographical concept See also * *Derivation (disambiguatio ... presence of an evertible patch of plates on the cheek. ''Pterygoplichthys'' and the ''H. annectens'' group differ most obv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loricariidae
The Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with 92 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as " plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', and are popular as aquarium fish. Common names Members of the family Loricariidae are commonly referred to as loricariids, suckermouth armoured catfishes, or armoured catfish. The name "plecostomus", and its shortened forms "pleco" and "plec", are used for many Loricariidae, since ''Plecostomus plecostomus'' (now called ''Hypostomus plecostomus'') was one of the first loricariid species imported for the fish-keeping hobby. Some loricariids are not normally considered "plecostomus", such as ''Farlowella'' catfish. In their native range, these fish are known as ''cascudos'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancistrini
Ancistrini is a tribe of catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Most are restricted to tropical and subtropical South America, but there are also several genus (''Ancistrus'', '' Chaetostoma'', ''Hemiancistrus'' and ''Lasiancistrus'') in southern Central America. Taxonomy Ancistrini have previously been considered a loricariid subfamily. However, the subfamily Hypostominae would be paraphyletic if Ancistrinae continued to be recognized. To continue recognizing the monophyly of this group while returning it to Hypostominae, Hypostominae was broken into several tribes. Pterygoplichthyini is sister to the tribe Ancistrini, which shares the derived presence of an evertible patch of plates on the cheek. Description Most Ancistrini species (except for some ''Pseudancistrus'' and ''Spectracanthicus'') can be separated from all other loricariids except the Pterygoplichthyini by the presence of evertible cheek plates with hypertrophied odontode Odontodes, or dermal teeth, are hard structu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypostominae
The Hypostominae are a subfamily of catfishes of the family Loricariidae. Most members are restricted to tropical and subtropical South America, but there are also several species (in genera ''Ancistrus'', '' Chaetostoma'', ''Lasiancistrus'', '' Leptoancistrus'' and ''Hemiancistrus'') in southern Central America. ''Hypostomus plecostomus'', which is popular in the aquarium trade, has been introduced to several regions far from its native range. Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed, within this group, the diploid number ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus ''Hypostomus'', and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number. Taxonomy *Ancistrini (sometimes considered a separate subfamily as Ancistrinae) ** '' Acanthicus'' ** ''Ancistrus'' ** ''Andeancistrus'' ** '' Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterygoplichthys
''Pterygoplichthys'', sometimes collectively known as janitor fish, is a genus of South American armored catfishes. These fish are commonly known as sailfin armoured catfish or sailfin plecs, especially in the aquarium trade. Etymology ''Pterygoplichthys'' is derived from the Greek ''πτέρυγ-'' (''pteryg-''), meaning "wing", (''hoplon'') - weapon and ''ἰχθύς'' (''ichthys'') meaning "fish". Taxonomy ''Pterygoplichthys'' has undergone much shifting in the past decades. Previously ''Liposarcus'', ''Glyptoperichthys'' and ''Pterygoplichthys'' had been named as separate genera. Since then, these genera were recognized as synonyms of ''Pterygoplichthys'' by Armbruster, as the few differences between the genera were not deemed great enough to validate ''Glyptoperichthys'' and ''Liposarcus'', and that recognizing these separate genera would leave neither ''Pterygoplichthys'' nor ''Glyptoperichthys'' as monophyletic. Species There are currently 16 recognized species in thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypostomus
''Hypostomus'' is a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae. They are native to tropical and subtropical South America. '' H. plecostomus'' is the popular freshwater aquarium fish formerly known as ''Plecostomus plecostomus''. The taxonomic structure of the Loricariidae is still being expanded by scientists. ''Hypostomus'' is a highly species-rich and widely distributed catfish genus. [Baidu] |
Copeia
''Ichthyology & Herpetology'' (formerly ''Copeia'') is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in ichthyology and herpetology that was originally named after Edward Drinker Cope, a prominent American researcher in these fields. It is the official journal of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', ''Copeia'' has a 2021 impact factor of 1.857, ranking it 65th out of 176 journals in the category "Zoology". History On December 27, 1913, John Treadwell Nichols published the first issue of ''Copeia''. This issue consisted of a single piece of paper folded to form four pages of information with five articles. The cover of the pamphlet bore the inscription: "Published by the contributors to advance the science of coldblooded vertebrates." In 2020, the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists voted to rename the journal, Ichthyology & Herpetology. Name change The journal was na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor. ) In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals. Etymology The word —coined by German entomologist Willi Hennig—is derived from the Ancient Greek words (''sún''), meaning "with, together"; (''apó''), meaning "away from"; and (''morphḗ''), meaning "shape, form". Clade analysis T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guyanas
The Guianas, sometimes called by the Spanish loan-word ''Guayanas'' (''Las Guayanas''), is a region in north-eastern South America which includes the following three territories: * French Guiana, an overseas department and region of France * Guyana, formerly known as British Guiana from 1831 until 1966, after the colonies of Berbice, Essequibo, and Demerara, taken from the Netherlands in 1814, were merged into a single colony * Suriname, formerly Dutch Guiana, until 1814 together with Berbice, Essequibo and Demerara In the wider context, the Guianas also includes the following two territories: * Guayana Region in eastern Venezuela ( Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro states), formerly the Guayana Province, alternatively known as Spanish Guayana * State of Amapá in northern Brazil, known as Portuguese Guiana (or Brazilian Guiana) History Pre-colonial period Before the arrival of European colonials, the Guianas were populated by scattered bands of native Arawak peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 States of Brazil, states and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese language, Portuguese as an List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language, official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most Multiculturalism, multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass Immigration to Brazil, immigration from around the world; and the most populous Catholic Church by country, Roman Catholic-majority country. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan W
Jonathan may refer to: *Jonathan (name), a masculine given name Media *Jonathan (1970 film), ''Jonathan'' (1970 film), a German film directed by Hans W. Geißendörfer *Jonathan (2016 film), ''Jonathan'' (2016 film), a German film directed by Piotr J. Lewandowski *Jonathan (2018 film), ''Jonathan'' (2018 film), an American film directed by Bill Oliver *Jonathan (Buffy comic), ''Jonathan'' (Buffy comic), a 2001 comic book based on the ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer'' television series *Jonathan (TV show), ''Jonathan'' (TV show), a Welsh-language television show hosted by ex-rugby player Jonathan Davies (rugby, born 1962), Jonathan Davies People and biblical figures Bible *Jonathan (1 Samuel), son of King Saul of Israel and friend of David, in the Books of Samuel *Jonathan (Judges), in the Book of Judges Judaism *Jonathan Apphus, fifth son of Mattathias and leader of the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea from 161 to 143 BCE *Rabbi Jonathan, 2nd century *Jonathan (High Priest), a High Prie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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