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Pseudaxine
''Pseudaxine'' is a genus which belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes and class Monogenea; all its species are parasites of fish. Morphology Species of ''Pseudaxine'' are ectoparasites that affect their host by attaching themselves as larvae on the gills of the fish and grow into adult stage. This larval stage is called oncomiracidium, and is characterized as free swimming and ciliated. The clamps are distributed along one margin of the haptor. ''Pseudaxine'' resemble ''Axine'' in having a single row of 20 – 30 clamps on one side of the body. However, it differs from ''Axine'' in having their hooks situated at the posterior end of the clamp row. ''Pseudaxine'' also resembles ''Gastrocotyle'' in having a single row of clamps on one side, however, in ''Pseudaxine'' the haptor is oblique, while in ''Gastrocotyle'' the haptor is parallel to the body-axis, and extends to the ovarian zone. Systematics ''Pseudaxine'' was established to accommodate ''Pseudaxine trachuri'' from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudaxine Trachuri
''Pseudaxine trachuri'' is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Gastrocotylidae. Systematics ''Pseudaxine trachuri'' was first described and illustrated based on specimens from the gills of the Atlantic horse mackerel ''Trachurus trachurus'' (Carangidae) (referred to as ''Caranx trachurus'' in the original description) off Genova, Italy. ''Pseudaxine trachuri'' was designated the type species of the genus. Morphology ''P. trachuri'' has the general morphology of all species of ''Pseudaxine'', with a triangular body and an anterior extremity constricted at the level of buccal suckers in some species. The body comprises an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is oblique and unilateral, and bears numerous clamps arranged in a single row. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. The terminal lappet is present and bears two pairs of anchors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudaxine Bivaginalis
''Pseudaxine bivaginalis'' is a species of monogenean flatworm, which is parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Gastrocotylidae. Systematics ''Pseudaxine bivaginalis'' was described based on 15 specimens, from the gills of the yellowtail horse mackerel '' Trachurus novaezelandiae'' ( Carangidae), collected off New Zealand. In the same paper, Dillon & Hargis emended the diagnosis of the genus ''Pseudaxine'', to include the presence of (1) a paired vaginae opening near the lateral margins at or near the level of the genital atrium, (2) a genito-intestinal canal short and postovarian or relatively long and paraovarian. Description ''Pseudaxine bivaginalis'' has the general morphology of all species of ''Pseudaxine'', with an elongate body and an anterior extremity constricted at the level of buccal suckers in most specimens, comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor is asymmetrical, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudaxine Indicana
''Pseudaxine indicana'' is a species of monogenean flatworm, which is parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Gastrocotylidae.Chauhan, B.S. (1945) Trematodes from Indian Marine fishes Part I. On Some New Monogenetic Trematodes of the Sub-orders Monopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912 and Polyopisthocotylea Odhner, 1912. Indian Acad.Sci.SectionB, 21, 129-159PDF Systematics ''Pseudaxine indicana'' was described based on single contracted specimen, from the gills of the black sea-bream ''Chrysophrys berda'' (currently named'' Acanthopagrus berda'') (Sparidae), collected off India. It is a ''species dubia'' due to the incomplete description, the lack of material, and the unusual host.Lebedev, B.I. (1977) Two new species of monogeneans from fishes of Indo-Pacific waters wilh notes concerning the genera ''Pseudaxine'' and ''Pseudaxinoides''. Excerta parasitologica en memoria del Dr.Eduardo Caballero y Cabellero., 4, 69-78. Description ''Pseudaxine indicana'' h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudaxine Kurra
''Pseudaxine kurra'' is a species of monogenean, parasitic on the gills of a marine fish. It belongs to the family Gastrocotylidae.Unnithan, R.V. (1968) on six species of Monogenetic trematodes, parasitic on the gills of marine fishes from the Indian seas. Treubia, 27, 141-164PDF Systematics ''Pseudaxine kurra'' was described based on several specimens from the gills of the yellowtail scad ''Caranx kurra'' ( currently named ''Atule mate'') ( Carangidae), collected off India. Description ''Pseudaxine kurra'' has the general morphology of all species of ''Pseudaxine'', with an elongate body tapering towards both ends, comprising an anterior part which contains most organs and a posterior part called the haptor. The haptor triangular, asymmetrical, without extensions from body organs, disposed slightly oblique to the long axis of the body and bears 15-28 clamps, arranged in a single row. The clamps of the haptor attach the animal to the gill of the fish. The extreme of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrocotylidae
Gastrocotylidae is a family of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans.WoRMS (2019). Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119243 on 2019-02-15 All the species in this family are parasitic on fish. Systematics The gastrocotylids are known by their rather very diffuse distribution, and a marqued preference for scombroid fishes and carangids. The Gastrocotylidae Price, 1943 was erected to separate '' Gastrocotyle'' and its allies., named and described by reference to a diagram of the clamp type alone Sproston agreed on the importance of the difference in clamp structure in microcotylids, however, she reduced the Gastrocotylidae to sub-family status included in Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879. Palombi did not recognize Sproston's subfamily Gastrocotylinae and placed it in the subfamily Microcotylinae Monticelli, 1892 then in his own family Arreptocotylidae Palombi, 1949. This arrangement was refuted, and The Gastrocotylidae was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish
Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with around 99% of those being teleosts. The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods. Mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachurus Trachurus
The Atlantic horse mackerel (''Trachurus trachurus''), also known as the European horse mackerel or common scad, is a species of jack mackerel in the family Carangidae, the jacks, pompanos and trevallies. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean off Europe and Africa and into the south-eastern Indian Ocean. It is an important species in commercial fisheries and is listed as a Vulnerable species on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Description The Atlantic horse mackerel has quite a slender, quite compressed body with a large head in which the rear of the upper jaw reaches the front of the eye and the lower jaw projects beyond the upper jaw. The eye has a well developed adipose eyelid. It has two dorsal fins, the first is tall and has seven thin spines, with the final spine being much shorter than the others. The second dorsal fin is separated from the first by a narrow gap and is considerably longer than the first with 29-33 soft rays. The anal fin is about as long as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciliated
The cilium, plural cilia (), is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell, and certain microorganisms known as ciliates. Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea. The cilium has the shape of a slender threadlike projection that extends from the surface of the much larger cell body. Eukaryotic flagella found on sperm cells and many protozoans have a similar structure to motile cilia that enables swimming through liquids; they are longer than cilia and have a different undulating motion. There are two major classes of cilia: ''motile'' and ''non-motile'' cilia, each with a subtype, giving four types in all. A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia. The structure of the cilium core called the axoneme determines the cilium class. Most motile cilia have a central pair of single microtubules surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a 9+2 axoneme. Most non-motile cilia have a 9+0 axoneme that lacks the central pair of mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oncomiracidium
An oncomiracidium is the ciliated and free-living larva of a monogenean, a type of parasitic flatworm commonly found on fish. It is similar to the miracidium of Trematoda, but has sclerotised Sclerotin is a component of the cuticle of various Arthropoda, most familiarly insects. It is formed by cross-linking members of particular classes of protein molecules, a biochemical process called sclerotization, a form of tanning in which qui ... (hardened) hooklets not found in the latter. References Monogenea {{Monogenea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are immobil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gills
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist. The microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area to the external environment. Branchia (pl. branchiae) is the zoologists' name for gills (from Ancient Greek ). With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. The blood carries oxygen to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. Semiterrestrial marine animals such as crabs and mudskippers have gill chambe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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