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Protosuchia
Protosuchia is a group of extinct Mesozoic crocodyliforms. They were small in size (~1 meter in length) and terrestrial. In phylogenetic terms, Protosuchia is considered an informal group because it is a grade of basal crocodyliforms, not a true clade. Classification Recent phylogenetic analyses have not supported Protosuchia as a natural group. However, two studies found a clade of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic animals:Pol D, Ji S-a, Clark JM, Chiappe LM. 2004. Basal crocodyliforms from the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group (Xinjiang, China), and the phylogenetic position of ''Edentosuchus''. ''Cretaceous Research'' 25: 603-622.Fiorelli LE, Calvo JO. 2007. The first "protosuchian" (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) from the Cretaceous (Santonian) of Gondwana. ''Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro'' 65 (4): 417-459. *''Edentosuchus'' *''Hemiprotosuchus'' *''Orthosuchus'' *'' Protosuchus'' Both of these studies also found a clade more closely related to '' Hsisosuchus'' and Mesoeu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shantungosuchus
''Shantungosuchus'' is an extinct genus of Early Cretaceous crocodyliform found in China. It includes three species: ''Shantungosuchus chuhsienensis'' and ''S. brachycephalus'', which were both described by Yang Zhongjian – usually referred to as "Young" – in 1961 and 1982, and ''S. hangjinensis'', which was described by Xiao-Chun Wu et al in 1994. ''S. chuhsienensis'' is the type for this genus. Etymology The primary part of ''Shantungosuchus name comes from ''Shan-tung'', the Wade-Giles romanization of ''Shandong'' (), a province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China, where it was first discovered. The second part, ''suchus'' is an Ancient Greek word referring to the Egyptian crocodile deity Sobek that is commonly used as a suffix for crocodylomorph genera and crocodile-like animals in general. Description ''Shantungosuchus chuhsienenis'' was first described from an articulated skeleton that was preserved as an impression of its ventral s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edentosuchus
''Edentosuchus'' is a genus of protosuchian crocodylomorph. It is known from fossils found in rocks of the Early Cretaceous-age Tugulu Group from the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. Two partial skulls and several neck vertebrae are known to date. An articulated partial postcranial skeleton may also belong to this genus, but there is no overlapping material between it and known ''Edentosuchus'' specimens. History ''Edentosuchus'' was described in 1973 by Yang Zhongjian (C. C. Young), and is based on IVPP V 3236, a partial skull and associated neck vertebrae. The type species is ''E. tienshanensis''. A joint Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County- National Geological Museum of China expedition recovered another partial skull in 2000. Yang originally assigned it to its own family (Edentosuchidae) within Protosuchia, but later research by Diego Pol and colleagues using the new material found it to be a protosuchid. Description ''Edentosuchus'' had markedly he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crocodyliform
Crocodyliformes is a clade of crurotarsan archosaurs, the group often traditionally referred to as "crocodilians". They are the first members of Crocodylomorpha to possess many of the features that define later relatives. They are the only pseudosuchians to survive the K-Pg extinction event. In 1988, Michael J. Benton and James M. Clark argued that all traditional names for well-known groups of animals should be restricted to their crown clades, that is, used only for natural groups comprising all living members of any given lineage. This posed a problem for the crocodilians, because the name Crocodylia, while used in various ways by various scientists, had always included not only living crocodilians but many of their extinct ancestors known only from the fossil record.Benton, M.J. and Clark, J.M. (1988). "Archosaur phylogeny and the relationships of the Crocodylia." Pp. 295–338 in Benton, M.J. (ed.), ''The phylogeny and classification of the Tetrapods, volume 1''. Oxford: Cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuquensuchus
''Neuquensuchus'' (meaning "Neuquén crocodile", referring to the city) is an extinct genus of crocodyliform from the Santonian-age Upper Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Neuquén Province, Argentina. The known remains were discovered on the campus of Universidad Nacional del Comahue in the city of Neuquén. ''Neuquensuchus'' was named by Lucas E. Fiorelli and Jorge O. Calvo in a publication dated to 2007, but which became available in 2008. The type species is ''N. universitas'', in recognition of its discovery locality. Unlike the great majority of crocodyliforms, its shin was longer than its thigh, suggesting it had some running ability. Description ''Neuquensuchus'' is based on MUCPv-47, a partially articulated partial postcranial skeleton composed of six neck, four back, two hip, and five tail vertebrae; ribs; partial right shoulder blade and arm; left shoulder blade and upper arm; a partial pelvis; and most of the right leg above the foot. Another specimen, MUCP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series (stratigraphy), series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Geologic time scale, Ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', and ''Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich August von Namoh, Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful sandstone'')'', t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 163.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.Owen 1987. In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, ''Malm'' was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units. Subdivisions The Late Jurassic is divided into three ages, which correspond with the three (faunal) stages of Upper Jurassic rock: Paleogeography During the Late Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the spawning of the Atlantic Ocean. However, at this time, the Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow. Life forms of the epoch This epoch is well known for many famous types of dinosau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shartegosuchus
''Shartegosuchus'' is a genus of protosuchian-grade crocodylomorph. It is known primarily from PIN 4174/2, the partial deformed skull and jaws of a juvenile. This specimen was discovered in ancient lake deposits of the Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Tsagaantsav Formation, southwestern Mongolia. The estimated length of the holotype skull is . This genus was similar to ''Nominosuchus'', and both are assigned to the same family (Shartegosuchidae). ''Shartegosuchus'' was described in 1988 by Mikhail Efimov, and the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... is ''S. asperopalatum''. References Late Jurassic reptiles of Asia Late Jurassic crocodylomorphs Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{paleo-archosaur-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyasuchus
''Kyasuchus'' is an extinct genus of shartegosuchid crocodylomorph. Fossils have been found from the Ilek Formation outcropping in the Kemerovo Oblast of Russia, deposited during the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. The localities from which specimens of this genus have been found have also yielded many other vertebrate remains such as those of palaeonisciform fishes, turtles, various lizards, troodontids, triconodonts, the ceratopsian ''Psittacosaurus'', and the protosuchian-grade crocodylomorph ''Tagarosuchus''.Averianov, A. O., Voronkevich, A. V., Maschenko, E. N., Leshchinskiy, S. V. and Fayngertz, A. V. (2002). A sauropod foot from the Early Cretaceous of Western Siberia, Russia. ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica'' 47(1):117–124. References External linksKyasuchusin the Paleobiology Database The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals, plants, and microorganisms. History The Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shartegosuchidae
Shartegosuchidae is an extinct family of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous crocodylomorphs. The family is named after the Late Jurassic Shar Teeg Beds in southwestern Mongolia, from which most shartegosuchid remains have been found. Five genera are currently assigned to Shartegosuchidae: ''Shartegosuchus'', ''Nominosuchus'', ''Kyasuchus'', ''Adzhosuchus'', and '' Fruitachampsa''. ''Shartegosuchus'', ''Nominosuchus'', and ''Adzhosuchus'' all come from Shar Teeg, while ''Kyasuchus'' is known from the Early Cretaceous of Russia. ''Fruitachampsa'' is known from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western United States. Description Shartegosuchids are known only from cranial material, or parts of the skull and some partial skeletons. Shartegosuchids share several distinct characteristics in the skull. On the palate, the choanae (holes where the nasal cavity opens into the mouth) is placed within a deep depression of its midline. The palatal bones, located behind the choanae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaraasuchus
''Zaraasuchus'' ("hedgehog crocodile") was a gobiosuchid crocodyliform described in 2004 by Diego Pol and Mark Norell. It was found in the Red Beds of Zos Canyon, in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, thus making it Late Cretaceous in age. The type species is ''Z. shepardi'', honouring Dr. Richard Shepard. Material The holotype of ''Z. shepardi'' is IGM 100/1321, consisting of the posterior region of the skull and lower jaws with articulation with cervical vertebrae, forelimb elements and osteoderms. Systematics Pol and Norell (2004) found ''Zaraasuchus shepardi'' to be the sister taxon In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ... of '' Gobiosuchus kielanae'', united by 14 synapomorphies, primarily from the skull, forming the family Gobiosuchidae. Sources * Pol, D. & N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobiosuchus
''Gobiosuchus'' ("Gobi esertcrocodile") was a gobiosuchid crocodyliform described in 1972 by Polish palaeontologist Halszka Osmólska. It hails from the Late Cretaceous (Early Campanian) of Bayn Dzak (Djadokhta Formation), in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. The type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ... is ''Gobiosuchus kielanae''. ''Gobiosuchus kielanae'', along with '' Zaraasuchus shepardi'', belongs to the family Gobiosuchidae. References * Pol, D. & Norell, M. A., (2004). "A new gobiosuchid crocodyliform taxon from the Cretaceous of Mongolia". ''American Museum Novitates'' 3458: 1-31. Late Cretaceous crocodylomorphs of Asia Terrestrial crocodylomorphs Djadochta fauna Fossils of Mongolia Gobi Desert Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera {{pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gobiosuchidae
Gobiosuchidae is a family of Cretaceous crocodyliforms known from Mongolia and Spain. Genera Three genera are currently classified within Gobiosuchidae: ''Cassissuchus'', ''Gobiosuchus'', and ''Zaraasuchus''.Ángela D. Buscalioni (2017) The Gobiosuchidae in the early evolution of Crocodyliformes. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Article: e1324459 doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1324459 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2017.1324459 Synapomorphies According to Pol & Norell (2004), gobiosuchids form a clade united by the following synapomorphies: * Parietal without broad occipital portion * Absence of external mandibular fenestra * More than two parallel rows of dorsal osteoderms * Cranial table as wide as ventral portion of skull * Palpebrals sutured to each other and the frontal, excluding it from the orbital margin * External surface of ascending process of jugal exposed posterolaterally * Longitudinal ridge on lateral surface of juga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |