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Proletarian Parties In Japan, 1925–1932
The proletarian parties were a group of left-wing political parties in Japan. Several proletarian parties were launched after enactment of the Universal Manhood Suffrage Act in 1925. Early history (1925-27) Three major parties Three major proletarian parties emerged during 1926, all closely linked to trade unions active in Japan. The tension and divisions between individual trade unions were largely replicated in divisions between the three major proletarian parties. * The pro-communist trade union '' Hyōgikai'' (Council of Labour Unions of Japan) backed the Labour-Farmer Party (労働農民党, ''Rōdōnōmintō)''. The Labour-Farmer Party was considered to be the most left-wing of the three parties and existed until 1928, when it was banned by the imperial government. * The Japan Labour Union League, a moderate trade union, backed the similarly-named Japan Labour-Farmer Party (日本労農党, ''Nihonrōnōtō''). The Japan Labour-Farmer Party occupied a centrist positio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left-wing Politics
Left-wing politics describes the range of Ideology#Political%20ideologies, political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in society whom its adherents perceive as disadvantaged relative to others as well as a belief that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished. Left-wing politics are also associated with popular or state control of major political and economic institutions. According to emeritus professor of economics Barry Clark, left-wing supporters "claim that human development flourishes when individuals engage in cooperative, mutually respectful relations that can thrive only when excessive differences in status, power, and wealth are eliminated." Within the left–right political spectrum, ''Left'' and ''right-wing politics, Right'' were coined during the French Revolution, referring to the seat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communism
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukden Incident
The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, known in Chinese as the 9.18 Incident (九・一八), was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 18, 1931, Lieutenant Suemori Kawamoto of the Independent Garrison Unit of the 29th Japanese Infantry Regiment () detonated a small quantity of dynamite close to a railway line owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden (now Shenyang). The explosion was so weak that it failed to destroy the track, and a train passed over it minutes later. The Imperial Japanese Army accused Chinese dissidents of the act and responded with a full invasion that led to the occupation of Manchuria, in which Japan established its puppet state of Manchukuo six months later. The deception was exposed by the Lytton Report of 1932, leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its March 1933 withdrawal from the League of Nations. The bombing act is known as the Liutiao ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shakai Taishūtō
The was a moderate leftist political party in early Shōwa period Empire of Japan. The ''Shakai Taishūtō'' was founded by Abe Isoo in July 1932, as a merger of the '' Shakai Minshūtō'' (Socialist Mass Party) with the '' Zenkoku Rōnō Taishūtō'' (National Labour-Farmer Mass Party). In a period of increasing extremism in politics, the new party attempted to maintain a middle-of-the road approach which inevitably resulted in a confused policy. On one hand, the ''Shakai Taishūtō'' supported agrarian reform and pushed for improvement in the lot of the farmers by cutting the military budget; on the other hand, it cultivated ties with the ''Tōseiha'' political faction within the Imperial Japanese Army, and supported Japanese aggression in Manchuria. The ''Shakai Taishūtō'' advocated increased international cooperation and opposed Japan's withdraw from the League of Nations, but at the same time supported the invasion of China in 1937. It was the only leftist party allowed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 Japanese General Election
General elections were held in Japan on 20 February 1930.Klaus Schlichtmann (2009) ''Japan in the World: Shidehara Kijūrō, Pacifism, and the Abolition of War'', Lexington Books, p56 The Constitutional Democratic Party, which was led by Prime Minister Hamaguchi Osachi, won an overall majority in the House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c .... Voter turnout was 82%. Results By prefecture References General elections in Japan Japan 1930 elections in Japan Politics of the Empire of Japan February 1930 events Election and referendum articles with incomplete results {{Japan-election-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyoto
Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the city had a population of 1.46 million. The city is the cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Kyoto, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 3.8 million people. Kyoto is one of the oldest municipalities in Japan, having been chosen in 794 as the new seat of Japan's imperial court by Emperor Kanmu. The original city, named Heian-kyō, was arranged in accordance with traditional Chinese feng shui following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of Chang'an/Luoyang. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869. It was the scene of several key events of the Muromachi period, Sengoku period, and the Boshin War, such as the Ōnin War, the Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour-Farmer Masses Party
The was a political party in Japan. It was founded in January 1929 by Mizutani Chozaburo, a former associate of the Labour-Farmer Party leader Oyama Ikuo. Mizutani criticized Oyama Ikuo for being too open towards a merger with the centrist sectors of the socialist movement. The Labour-Farmer Masses Party was largely confined to Kyoto. The party was one of the founders of the United Proletarian Party Front in 1929. After the 1930 election the party changed its mind regarding unification with the other socialist groups and the party. The party merged with the Tokyo Proletarian Party, forming the National Conference for a United Proletarian Party which in turn merged with other parties on July 20, 1930, founding the National Masses Party National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, ce . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikuo Oyama
(20 September 1880 – 30 November 1955) was a Japanese academic, politician, political scientist and writer. Biography He graduated from Waseda University in 1905, before graduating from the University, universities, University of Chicago, Chicago and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich. He was described as politically liberal and was quite active in the peace movement. He was a member of the left-leaning Labour-Farmer Party, which advocated universal suffrage, minimum wages, and women's rights, which were non-existent in Japan at that time. Yamamoto Senji, a colleague of his, was assassinated on February 29, on the same day as he had presented testimony in the Japanese Diet regarding torture of prisoners. The Labour-Farmer Party was banned in 1928 due to accusations of having links to communism. Oyama fled Japan in 1933 to the United States as a result. He got a job at Northwestern University at its library and political science department. During his exile, he wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Masses Party
The Japan Masses Party (, ''Nihon Taishūtō'') was a Proletarian parties in Japan, 1925–32, proletarian political party in Japan. History The Japan Masses Party was established in December 1928 by a merger of the Japan Labour-Farmer Party (which had won one seat in the 1928 Japanese general election, 1928 elections), the Japan Farmers Party (1926–28), Japan Farmers Party, the Proletarian Masses Party and four other working-class parties.Haruhiro Fukui (1985) ''Political parties of Asia and the Pacific'', Greenwood Press, pp521–522 With both parties from the right and left having joined the new party, tensions soon arose, resulting in the expulsion of several members of parliament in May 1929. With a campaign based on tenancy and unemployment issues, the party nominated 23 candidates in the 1930 Japanese general election, February 1930 elections, winning two seats. In June 1930, it merged with the National Conference for a United Proletarian Party and the National People's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proletarian Masses Party
The was a short-lived political party in Japan. It was founded on July 22, 1928 by the ''Rōnō'' faction (that had belonged to the Labour-Farmer Party, before that party was banned in April 1928). Suzuki Mosaburō became the general secretary of the party. Yamakawa and Sakai Toshihiko functioned as 'elder' advisors in the party. Other prominent founders of the party were Kuroda, Inamura Junzo and Okada.Beckmann, George M., and Genji Okubo. The Japanese Communist Party 1922-1945'. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1969. p. 159 The Proletarian Masses Party claimed to have around 2,500 members. At the time of its foundation, the party declared its intention to struggle against leftwing sectarianism and rightwing disruptionism. Scalapino, Robert A. The Japanese Communist Movement, 1920-1966'. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967. p. 35 The founders of the party were critical of the leadership of Oyama Ikuo in the remains of the Labour-Farmer Party, claiming that Oy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the economic, political and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can be state/public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee. While no single definition encapsulates the many types of socialism, social ownership is the one common element. Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists favouring a party, state, or technocratic-driven approach. Socialists disagree on whether government, particularly existing government, is the correct vehicle for change. Socialist systems are divided into non-market and market f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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