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Proechimys Mincae
The Minca spiny rat (''Proechimys mincae'') is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is endemic to Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car .... Phylogeny Morphological characters and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences showed that ''P. mincae'' belongs to the so-called ''trinitatus'' group of ''Proechimys'' species, and shares closer phylogenetic affinities with the other members of this clade: '' P. trinitatus'', '' P. guairae'', '' P. poliopus'', '' P. magdalenae'', '' P. chrysaeolus'', '' P. urichi'', and '' P. hoplomyoides''. References Proechimys Endemic fauna of Colombia Mammals of Colombia Mammals described in 1899 Taxa named by Joel Asaph Allen Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Echimyidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joel Asaph Allen
Joel Asaph Allen (July 19, 1838 – August 29, 1921) was an American zoology, zoologist, mammalogy, mammalogist, and ornithology, ornithologist. He became the first president of the American Ornithologists' Union, the first curator of birds and mammals at the American Museum of Natural History, and the first head of that museum's Department of Ornithology. He is remembered for Allen's rule, which states that the bodies of endotherms (warm-blooded animals) vary in shape with climate, having increased surface area in hot climates to lose heat, and minimized surface area in cold climates, to conserve heat. Early life Allen was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, the son of Joel Allen and Harriet Trumbull. He studied and collected specimen of natural history early in life, but he was forced to sell his relatively large collection so that he could attend the Wilbraham & Monson Academy in 1861. The following year, he transferred to Harvard University, where he studied under Louis Agassi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Urichi
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, ''Proechimys'' rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recognizable by reason of their elongated heads and long rostra, large and erect ears, narrow and long hind feet, and tails always shorter than head-and-body lengths. The dorsal pelage comprises a mixture of expanded, varyingly stiffened spines (or aristiforms) — hence the vernacular name of spiny rats — and soft hairs (or setiforms). ''Proechimys'' is the most speciose genus of the rodent family Echimyidae, with 25 species recognized, followed by ''Phyllomys'' with 13 species, and ''Trinomys'' with 11 species. Phylogeny Genus level The genus ''Proechimys'' is the sister group to the genus ''Hoplomys'' (the armored rat). In turn, these two taxa share evolutionary affinities with other Myocastorini genera: ''Callistomys'' (the painted tree- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals Described In 1899
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 orders. The largest orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla ( cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). In terms of cladistics, which reflects evolutionary history, mammals are the only living members of the Synapsida (synapsids); this clade, together wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammals Of Colombia
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or hair, and three middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles (including birds) from which they diverged in the Carboniferous, over 300 million years ago. Around 6,400 extant species of mammals have been described divided into 29 orders. The largest orders, in terms of number of species, are the rodents, bats, and Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, moles, shrews, and others). The next three are the Primates (including humans, apes, monkeys, and others), the Artiodactyla ( cetaceans and even-toed ungulates), and the Carnivora (cats, dogs, seals, and others). In terms of cladistics, which reflects evolutionary history, mammals are the only living members of the Synapsida (synapsids); this clade, together ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fauna Of Colombia
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, ''Proechimys'' rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recognizable by reason of their elongated heads and long rostra, large and erect ears, narrow and long hind feet, and tails always shorter than head-and-body lengths. The dorsal pelage comprises a mixture of expanded, varyingly stiffened spines (or aristiforms) — hence the vernacular name of spiny rats — and soft hairs (or setiforms). ''Proechimys'' is the most speciose genus of the rodent family Echimyidae, with 25 species recognized, followed by ''Phyllomys'' with 13 species, and ''Trinomys'' with 11 species. Phylogeny Genus level The genus ''Proechimys'' is the sister group to the genus ''Hoplomys'' (the armored rat). In turn, these two taxa share evolutionary affinities with other Myocastorini genera: ''Callistomys'' (the painted tree- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MT-CYB
Cytochrome b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MT-CYB'' gene. Its gene product is a subunit of the respiratory chain protein ubiquinol–cytochrome ''c'' reductase (UQCR, complex III or cytochrome ''bc''1 complex), which consists of the products of one mitochondrially encoded gene, ''MT-CYB'' (mitochondrial cytochrome b), and ten nuclear genes—''UQCRC1'', ''UQCRC2'', ''CYC1'', '' UQCRFS1'' (Rieske protein), '' UQCRB'', "11kDa protein", ''UQCRH'' (cyt c1 Hinge protein), Rieske protein presequence, "cyt c1 associated protein", and Rieske-associated protein. Structure The ''MT-CYB'' gene is located on the p arm of mitochondrial DNA in position 12 and spans 1,140 base pairs. The gene produces a 42.7 kDa protein named cytochrome b composed of 380 amino acids. Cytochrome b is an integral membrane protein with hydrophobic properties. The catalytic core of the enzyme is composed of eight transmembrane helices, the iron-sulfur protein, and cytochrome c1. Cytochrome b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Hoplomyoides
The Guyanan spiny-rat (''Proechimys hoplomyoides'') is a spiny rat species found in Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. The species was first described by George Henry Hamilton Tate George Henry Hamilton Tate (April 30, 1894 – December 24, 1953) was a British-born United States, American zoologist and botanist, who worked as a mammalogist for the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. In his lifetime he wro ... in 1939. Phylogeny Morphological characters and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences showed that ''P. hoplomyoides'' belongs to the so-called ''trinitatus'' group of species of ''Proechimys'', and shares closer phylogenetic affinities with the other members of this clade: '' P. trinitatus'', '' P. mincae'', '' P. guairae'', '' P. poliopus'', '' P. magdalenae'', '' P. chrysaeolus'', and '' P. urichi''. References Proechimys Rodents of South America Guayana Highlands Mammals of Brazil Mammals of Guyana Mammals of Venezuela Mammals described ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Chrysaeolus
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, ''Proechimys'' rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recognizable by reason of their elongated heads and long rostra, large and erect ears, narrow and long hind feet, and tails always shorter than head-and-body lengths. The dorsal pelage comprises a mixture of expanded, varyingly stiffened spines (or aristiforms) — hence the vernacular name of spiny rats — and soft hairs (or setiforms). ''Proechimys'' is the most speciose genus of the rodent family Echimyidae, with 25 species recognized, followed by ''Phyllomys'' with 13 species, and ''Trinomys'' with 11 species. Phylogeny Genus level The genus ''Proechimys'' is the sister group to the genus ''Hoplomys'' (the armored rat). In turn, these two taxa share evolutionary affinities with other Myocastorini genera: ''Callistomys'' (the painted tree- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are native to all major land masses except for New Zealand, Antarctica, and several oceanic islands, though they have subsequently been introduced to most of these land masses by human activity. Rodents are extremely diverse in their ecology and lifestyles and can be found in almost every terrestrial habitat, including human-made environments. Species can be arboreal, fossorial (burrowing), saltatorial/richochetal (leaping on their hind legs), or semiaquatic. However, all rodents share several morphological features, including having only a single upper and lower pair of ever-growing incisors. Well-known rodents include mice, rats, squirrels, prairie dogs, porcupines, beavers, guinea pigs, and hamsters. Rabbits, hares, and pikas, whose i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Magdalenae
''Proechimys'' is a genus of South American spiny rats of the family Echimyidae. All species of the genus are terrestrial. In the lowland Neotropical forests, ''Proechimys'' rodents are often the most abundant non-volant mammals. They are recognizable by reason of their elongated heads and long rostra, large and erect ears, narrow and long hind feet, and tails always shorter than head-and-body lengths. The dorsal pelage comprises a mixture of expanded, varyingly stiffened spines (or aristiforms) — hence the vernacular name of spiny rats — and soft hairs (or setiforms). ''Proechimys'' is the most speciose genus of the rodent family Echimyidae, with 25 species recognized, followed by ''Phyllomys'' with 13 species, and ''Trinomys'' with 11 species. Phylogeny Genus level The genus ''Proechimys'' is the sister group to the genus ''Hoplomys'' (the armored rat). In turn, these two taxa share evolutionary affinities with other Myocastorini genera: ''Callistomys'' (the painted tree- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proechimys Poliopus
The gray-footed spiny rat (''Proechimys poliopus'') is a species of rodent in the family Echimyidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th .... Phylogeny Morphological characters and mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA sequences showed that ''P. poliopus'' belongs to the so-called ''trinitatus'' group of ''Proechimys'' species, and shares closer phylogenetic affinities with the other members of this clade: '' P. trinitatus'', '' P. mincae'', '' P. guairae'', '' P. magdalenae'', '' P. chrysaeolus'', '' P. urichi'', and '' P. hoplomyoides''. References Proechimys Mammals of Colombia Mammals of Venezuela Mammals described in 1914 Taxa named by Wilfred Hudson Osgood Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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