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Prince Li (禮)
Prince Li of the First Rank (Manchu: ; ''hošoi doronggo cin wang''), or simply Prince Li, was the title of a princely peerage of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty of China. It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded. The first bearer of the title was Daišan (1583–1648), the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty. He was awarded the title in 1636 by his half-brother, Hong Taiji, who succeeded their father to the Later Jin throne and who later founded the Qing dynasty. The peerage was renamed to Prince Xun of the First Rank (Prince Xun) in 1651 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, and to Prince Kang of the First Rank (Prince Kang) in 1659, before it was renamed back to Prince Li of the First Rank in 1778. The peerage was passed down over 12 generations and held by 15 persons. Of the 15 princes, two held the title as Prince Xun, four held the title as Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchu Language
Manchu (Manchu:, ) is a critically endangered East Asian Tungusic language native to the historical region of Manchuria in Northeast China. As the traditional native language of the Manchus, it was one of the official languages of the Qing dynasty (1636–1912) of China, although today the vast majority of Manchus speak only Mandarin Chinese. Several thousand can speak Manchu as a second language through governmental primary education or free classes for adults in classrooms or online. The Manchu language enjoys high historical value for historians of China, especially for the Qing dynasty. Manchu-language texts supply information that is unavailable in Chinese, and when both Manchu and Chinese versions of a given text exist they provide controls for understanding the Chinese. Like most Siberian languages, Manchu is an agglutinative language that demonstrates limited vowel harmony. It has been demonstrated that it is derived mainly from the Jurchen language though there are m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Ying (穎)
Prince Ying of the First Rank, or simply Prince Ying, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The first bearer of the title was Sahaliyan (1604–1636), the third son of Daišan and a grandson of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. The peerage was created in 1636 when Sahaliyan was posthumously awarded the title "Prince Ying of the First Rank" by his uncle Huangtaiji, Nurhaci's successor. Sahaliyan's eldest son, Adali (1624–1643), inherited the peerage and became the second Prince Ying. In 1643, after Huangtaiji's death, Adali and others plotted to replace Huangtaiji's designated successor, Fulin, with another prince, Dorgon. However, the plot was exposed and Adali was arrested and executed for treason. Members of the Prince Ying peerage * Sahaliyan (薩哈璘; 1604–1636), Daišan's third son, posthumously awarded the title Prince Ying of the First Rank in 1636 and posthumously honoured as Prince Yingyi of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty Princely Peerages
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu people, Manchu-led Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic peoples, Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who Jurchen unification, unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan under Qing rule, Taiwan, and finally Qing dynasty in Inner Asia, expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the 1911 Revolution, Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Draft History Of Qing
The ''Draft History of Qing'' () is a draft of the official history of the Qing dynasty compiled and written by a team of over 100 historians led by Zhao Erxun who were hired by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China. The draft was published in 1928, but the Chinese Civil War caused a lack of funding for the project and it was put to an end in 1930. The two sides of the Chinese civil war, the People's Republic of China and Republic of China have attempted to complete it. History The Qing imperial court had long established a Bureau of State Historiography and precompiled its own dynastic history. The massive book was started in 1914, and the rough copy was finished in about 1927. 1,100 copies of the book were published. The Beiyang government moved 400 of the original draft into the northern provinces, where it re-edited the content twice, thus creating three different copies of the book. It was banned by the Nationalist Government in 1930. Historian Hsi-yuan Chen writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eight Banners
The Eight Banners (in Manchu language, Manchu: ''jakūn gūsa'', ) were administrative and military divisions under the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin and Qing dynasty, Qing dynasties of China into which all Manchu people, Manchu households were placed. In war, the Eight Banners functioned as armies, but the banner system was also the basic organizational framework of all of Manchu society. Created in the early 17th century by Nurhaci, the banner armies played an instrumental role in his unification of the fragmented Jurchen people (who would later be renamed the "Manchu" under Nurhaci's son Hong Taiji) and in the Qing dynasty's Ming–Qing transition, conquest of the Ming dynasty. As Mongols, Mongol and Han Chinese, Han forces were incorporated into the growing Qing military establishment, the Mongol Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners were created alongside the original Manchu banners. The banner armies were considered the elite forces of the Qing military, while the remai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhaolian
Zhaolian (26 March 1776 – 14 January 1830), courtesy name Jixiu, was a Manchu prince of the imperial Aisin Gioro clan during the Qing dynasty. A 6th-generation descendant of prince Giyesu, he was the 9th holder of the Prince Li (禮) title, which he held from 1805 to 1816. In 1816, his title was stripped after it was discovered that he tortured servants Cheng Jianzhong (程建忠), Cheng Jianyi (程建義) and others. He was put under house arrest for the subsequent 3 years and never recovered the princely title. A bibliophile, Zhaolian was friends with famous intellectuals like Wei Yuan, Gong Zizhen, Ji Yun and Yuan Mei. His non-fiction writings on politics, government, history and literature were posthumously collected into 2 books": ''Xiaoting Zalu'' (嘯亭雜錄/啸亭雜録; "Miscellaneous Records of the Roaring Pavilion"), and ''Xiaoting Xulu'' (嘯亭續錄/啸亭续录; "Continued Records of the Roaring Pavilion"). Family Father: Yong'en (永恩), prince Ligong of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yong'en
Yong'en (永恩; 12 Sep 1727 – 10 Apr 1805; 8th) was the second son of Chong'an, Prince Kangxiu of the First Rank. Life He held the title of '' beile'' from 1734 to 1753, when his uncle Ba'ertu succeeded to the title of Prince Kang of the First Rank. He succeeded the peerage under the title Prince Kang of the First Rank in 1753. By the virtues of his ancestor Daišan, the peerage was renamed to "Prince Li of the First Rank" in 1778. Yong'en was described as respectful, indifferent and thrifty to himself. The prince was versed in art and literature - he created several pictures inspired by "Eight Houses of Jinling" and Lu Qiang. His written works include: *"Collection of Studio of Benefit" (《益斋集》, pinyin: yizhaiji), *"The story of the family of Yaonai" (《姚鼐撰家传》, pinyin: yaonaizhuanjiachuan), *Four types of ripple garden" (《漪园四种》, pinyin: yiyuansizhong) * "History of the Hall of Sincere Rightness" (《诚正堂稿》, pinyin: chengzhengtan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chong'an (prince)
Aisin Gioro Chong'an (崇安; 5 September 1705 – 14 October 1733) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as Chuntai's fourth son and sixth-generation descendant of Daišan, Nurhaci's second son. Chong'an was the third Prince Kang of the First Rank before his peerage was renamed back to "Prince Li of the First Rank" in commemoration of Daishan's contribution to establishment of the Qing dynasty. Life Chong'an was born on 5 September 1705 to lady Irgen Gioro, Chuntai's secondary spouse. Chong'an inherited father's princely title on 20 June 1709, having barely been 4 years old. As a prince Kang of the First Rank, Chong'an became the general commander of the Manchu Plain Red Banner.In 1725, Chong'an and other ministers charged Yunsi with litany of 40 crimes, including attempt of usurpation of the imperial throne through creation of the "Eight Lord Party". Those accusations led to Yunsi's banishment from the imperial clan and condemnation of his supporters. Chong'an was furthermore entr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuntai
Aisin Gioro Chuntai (椿泰; 5 September 1683 - 20 June 1709; 5th) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the fifth son of Giyesu, Huse's grandson and Daišan's great grandson. Life Chuntai was born on 5 September 1683 to lady Donggo, second primary princess consort Kangliang. Chuntai inherited the title of Prince Kang of the First Rank after father's death in 1697. Involvement in Maci's incident When Yunreng was deposed for the first time after being implicated in Songgotu's case of attempt to murder Kangxi Emperor, Chuntai requested the emperor to pardon Yunreng (it was discovered that Yunreng was a victim of witchcraft). After Yunreng was reinstated as a Crown Prince, Chuntai was ordered to interrogate Maci following the imperial decree on recall from official position for the affiliation with Yunsi (Maci supported Yunsi's candidature as Crown Prince in 1708). Maci's brothers were stripped of their positions,while wives of Maci were sent to Heilongjiang and sold into slavery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ba'ertu
Aisin Gioro Bartu (巴尔图, 12 September 1674 - 10 April 1753) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as Giyesu's fourth son and fifth-generation descendant of Daišan, Nurhaci's second son. Bartu was the last Prince Kang of the First Rank as his peerage was renamed back to "Prince Li of the First Rank" in commemoration of Daishan's contribution to establishment of the Qing dynasty. Life Bartu was born on 12 September 1674 to secondary princess consort Kangliang of the first rank, lady Sakda. In 1733, Bartu succeeded the Prince Kang of the First Rank peerage after the death of Chong'an. Involvement in the coup of Hongxi In 1739, Hongxi (2nd in Prince Li of the First Rank peerage, Yunreng's son) formed a fraction together with Hongsheng (son of Prince Heng of the First Rank Yunqi), Prince Ning of the Second Rank Hongjiao (son of Prince Yi of the First Rank Yinxiang), Hongchang, Yunlu and Hongpu (son of Prince Zhuang of the First Rank Yunlu) aiming to oust Qianlong Emperor from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giyesu
Giyesu (; 1645–1697), formally known as Prince Kang, was a Manchu prince and general of the Qing dynasty. Born into the imperial Aisin Gioro clan, he was a distant cousin of the Kangxi Emperor and is best known for leading Qing forces to suppress a rebellion by Geng Jingzhong in southwestern China between 1674 and 1675 and repel an invasion by Taiwan warlord Zheng Jing in 1676–1677. Title inheritance Giyesu was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as a great-grandson of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. His grandfather, Daišan, was the founding title holder of the Prince Li peerage. His father, Hūse (祜塞; d. 1646), who was the eighth and youngest son of Daišan, held the title of a ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' or first-class imperial duke. After Hūse died, his title was inherited by his second son, Jinggi (精濟; 1644–1649), who, sometime before 1649, was promoted to a ''junwang'' (second-rank prince). Jinggi died in July 1649. Giyesu, who was then only four y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Qian
Prince Qian of the Second Rank, or simply Prince Qian, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). As the Prince Qian peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' except under special circumstances. The first bearer of the title was Wakeda (瓦克達; 1606–1652), Daišan's fourth son and a grandson of Nurhaci (the founder of the Qing dynasty). In 1651, Wakeda was granted the title "Prince Qian of the Second Rank" by the Shunzhi Emperor. The peerage was discontinued in 1698 after the Kangxi Emperor stripped Lioyung (留雍; Wakeda's son) of his title for committing an offence. However, the Qianlong Emperor restored the peerage in 1778 and granted it to Dongfu (洞福; Lioyung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
