Prince Qian of the Second Rank, or simply Prince Qian, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...

-led

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

(1644–1912). As the Prince Qian peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' except under special circumstances. The first bearer of the title was Wakeda (瓦克達; 1606–1652),

Daišan Daišan (Manchu: ; 19 August 1583 – 25 November 1648) was an influential Manchu prince and statesman of the Qing dynasty. Family background Daišan was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the ...

's fourth son and a grandson of

Nurhaci Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned ...

(the founder of the Qing dynasty). In 1651, Wakeda was granted the title "Prince Qian of the Second Rank" by the

Shunzhi Emperor The Shunzhi Emperor (15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second Emperor of China, emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1644 to 1661. A Deliberative Council of Prince ...

. The peerage was discontinued in 1698 after the

Kangxi Emperor The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1 ...

stripped Lioyung (留雍; Wakeda's son) of his title for committing an offence. However, the Qianlong Emperor restored the peerage in 1778 and granted it to Dongfu (洞福; Lioyung's great-grandson). Overall, the title was passed down over ten generations and held by nine persons.

Members of the Prince Qian peerage

* Wakeda (瓦克達; 1606–1652),

's fourth son and

's grandson, made a third class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' in 1646, promoted to ''zhenguo gong'' in 1647, promoted to ''junwang'' in 1648, held the title Prince Qian of the Second Rank from 1651 to 1652, posthumously honoured as Prince Qianxiang of the Second Rank (謙襄郡王) in 1671 ** Garse (噶爾賽), Wakeda's third son, initially a third class ''fengguo jiangjun'', held the title of a ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' from 1667 to 1669, demoted to ''feng'en jiangjun'' in 1669, restored as a ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' in 1682, stripped of his title in 1686 *** Haiqing (海清), Garse's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' from 1682 to 1686, stripped of his title in 1686 ** Lioyung (留雍), Wakeda's second son, initially a third class ''fengguo jiangjun'', promoted to ''zhenguo jiangjun'' in 1667, demoted to ''fengguo jiangjun'' in 1669, promoted to ''feng'en zhenguo gong'' in 1686, stripped of his title in 1698 *** Taihun (台渾), Lioyung's third son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1694 to 1720, stripped of his title in 1720 **** Zhongduan (忠端), Taihun's son ***** Dongfu (洞福), Zhongduan's son, held the title of a first class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1778 to 1792 ****** Dewen (德文), Dongfu's second son, initially a second class ''fengguo jiangjun'', held the title of a ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1792 to 1826 ******* Sufan (蘇藩), Dewen's eldest son, held the title of a first class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1812 to 1826, held the title of a first class ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1826 to 1836 ******* Sumin (蘇敏), Dewen's second son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1816 to 1823, had no male heir ******* Sufang (蘇芳), Dewen's third son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1821 to 1851 ******** Chengduan (承瑞), Sufang's fifth son and Sufan's adopted son, held the title of a ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1836 to 1867 ********* Yuekang (岳康), Chengze's son and Chengduan's adopted son, held the title of a ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1868 to 1898 ******** Chengfan (成藩), Sufang's eldest son, held the title of a third class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1824 to 1859 ********* Binchang (斌昌), Chengfan's second son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1859 to 1884 ********** Enrong (恩榮), Binchang's eldest son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1884 ********** Enhou (恩厚), Binchang's second son and Yuekang's adopted son, held the title of a ''zhenguo jiangjun'' from 1898 ******* Suzhe (蘇哲), Dewen's fourth son, held the title of a third class ''fuguo jiangjun'' from 1829 to 1862, stripped of his title in 1862 ****** Degongtai (德恭泰), Dongfu's third son, held the title of a second class ''fengguo jiangjun'' from 1795 to 1820 ******* Daying (達英), Degongtai's second son, held the title of a ''feng'en jiangjun'' from 1721 to 1843, had no male heir

Family tree

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Qian, Prince Qing dynasty princely peerages

Members of the Prince Qian peerage

Family tree

See also

References