Potassium Tetraiodomercurate(II)
Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) is an inorganic compound consisting of potassium cations and the tetraiodomercurate(II) anion. It is mainly used as Nessler's reagent, a 0.09 mol/L solution of potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) (K2 gI4 in 2.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide, used to detect ammonia. Preparation and structure Crystallizing from a concentrated aqueous solution of mercuric iodide with potassium iodide is the monohydrate K2HgI4.H2O, which is pale orange.F. Wagenknecht, R. Juza, "Potassium Triiodomercurate(II)" in ''Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry'', 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1100. In aqueous solution this triodido complex adds iodide to give the tetrahedral tetraiodo dianion. Solutions of K2HgI4 react with Cu(I) salts to give Cu2HgI4. Nessler's reagent Named after Julius Neßler (Nessler), an alkaline solution of K2HgI4 is called Nessler's reagent. This pale solution becomes deeper yellow in the presence of am ...
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Ethanol
Ethanol (abbr. EtOH; also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound. It is an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol with the chemical formula . Its formula can be also written as or (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group). Ethanol is a Volatility (chemistry), volatile, Combustibility and flammability, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. It is a psychoactive recreational drug, the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks. Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of Carbohydrate, sugars by yeasts or via Petrochemistry, petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. It has medical applications as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the Chemical synthesis, synthesis of organic compounds, and as a Alcohol fuel, fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock. As of 2006, world produ ...
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Precipitate
In an aqueous solution, precipitation is the process of transforming a dissolved substance into an insoluble solid from a super-saturated solution. The solid formed is called the precipitate. In case of an inorganic chemical reaction leading to precipitation, the chemical reagent causing the solid to form is called the ''precipitant''. The clear liquid remaining above the precipitated or the centrifuged solid phase is also called the 'supernate' or 'supernatant'. The notion of precipitation can also be extended to other domains of chemistry (organic chemistry and biochemistry) and even be applied to the solid phases (''e.g.'', metallurgy and alloys) when solid impurities segregate from a solid phase. Supersaturation The precipitation of a compound may occur when its concentration exceeds its solubility. This can be due to temperature changes, solvent evaporation, or by mixing solvents. Precipitation occurs more rapidly from a strongly supersaturated solution. The formati ...
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IARC Group 3 Carcinogens
IARC may refer to: * International Aerial Robotics Competition * International Age Rating Coalition * International Agency for Research on Cancer * International Arctic Research Center * Israel Amateur Radio Club * iArc IARC may refer to: * International Aerial Robotics Competition * International Age Rating Coalition * International Agency for Research on Cancer * International Arctic Research Center * Israel Amateur Radio Club The Israel Amateur Radio Club (IA ...

Mercury(II) Compounds
Mercury commonly refers to: * Mercury (planet), the nearest planet to the Sun * Mercury (element), a metallic chemical element with the symbol Hg * Mercury (mythology), a Roman god Mercury or The Mercury may also refer to: Companies * Mercury (toy manufacturer), a brand of diecast toy cars manufactured in Italy * Mercury Communications, a British telecommunications firm set up in the 1980s * Mercury Drug, a Philippine pharmacy chain * Mercury Energy, an electricity generation and retail company in New Zealand * Mercury Filmworks, a Canadian independent animation studio * Mercury General, a multiple-line American insurance organization * Mercury Interactive, a software testing tools vendor * Mercury Marine, a manufacturer of marine engines, particularly outboard motors * Mercury Systems, a defense-related information technology company Computing * Mercury (programming language), a functional logic programming language * Mercury (metadata search system), a data search system f ...
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Potassium Compounds
Potassium is the chemical element with the symbol K (from Neo-Latin ''kalium'') and atomic number19. Potassium is a silvery-white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife with little force. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form flaky white potassium peroxide in only seconds of exposure. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name derives. In the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals, all of which have a single valence electron in the outer electron shell, that is easily removed to create an ion with a positive charge – a cation, that combines with anions to form salts. Potassium in nature occurs only in ionic salts. Elemental potassium reacts vigorously with water, generating sufficient heat to ignite hydrogen emitted in the reaction, and burning with a lilac- colored flame. It is found dissolved in sea water (which is 0.04% potassium by weight), and occurs in many minerals such as orthoclase, ...
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Iodo Complexes
Iodo may refer to; *Socotra Rock, in the East China Sea * ''Iodo'' (film), 1977 South Korean film directed by Kim Ki-young *Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a vi ...

Millon's Base
Mercuric amidochloride is an inorganic compound with the formula . Preparation and properties It arises from the reaction of mercury(II) chloride and ammonia (Calomel reaction), where the resulting mercuric amidochloride is highly insoluble. : It forms white crystals in the shape of small prisms, which have earthy metallic taste.It consists of a zig-zag 1-dimensional polymer with chloride counterions. It is stable in air, but darkens on exposure to light. Sublimes without melting at dull red heat. This substance is a deadly poison. If improperly handled, may cause dangerous environmental pollution, in soil, water bodies and air. When heated to decomposition, emits very toxic and irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, and mercury, thus, closed containers with this chemical may explode upon contact with heat. It is very toxic by inhalation, ingestion or contact with skin and its toxicity may be fatal. May cause dermatitis and psoriasis vulgaris. It is corro ...
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Spot Test
Spot analysis, spot test analysis, or spot test is a chemical test, a simple and efficient technique where analytic assays are executed in only one, or a few drops, of a chemical solution, preferably in a great piece of filter paper, without using any sophisticated instrumentation. The development and popularization of the test is credited to Fritz Feigl. A spot test or spot assay can also refer to a test often used in microbiology. Chemistry The foundations of Feigl's work on spot analysis were the works of Hugo Schiff (the earliest publication about "spot test" was Shiff's detection of uric acid in 1859) and of Christian Friedrich Schonberg and Friedrich Goppelsröder on capillary analysis. On the occasion of Feigl's 70th birthday the Chemical Society of Midland sponsored a symposium in 1952, attended by 500 scientists from 24 countries, in which all plenary sessions were related to spot tests. The test uses the qualitative characteristics of colored compounds to account for ...
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Julius Neßler
Julius Neßler (6 June 1827 – 19 March 1905) was a German chemist. He devised the chemical solution '' Nessler's reagent'' which provides a colorimetric measure of ammonia concentration. Biography Neßler studied at the University of Freiburg from 1853 to 1856, when he attained his PhD. After his Ph.D. Neßler worked for some months with Lambert Heinrich von Babo and Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and then joined a chemical company in Karlsruhe. Nessler cylinder A Nessler cylinderhttp://www.cardinal.com/us/en/distributedproducts/ASP/T4500-61.asp?cat=laboratory is a simple type of colorimeter. It is best known for use with Nessler's reagent but can be used for any colorimetric chemical test. In practice, a pair of tubes is used, set on a white background. One tube is filled with color reagent and a known quantity of sample to act as a reference. The sample to be tested is mixed with color reagent in a beaker and the color is allowed to develop. The mixture is then poured, a l ...
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Diethyl Ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula , sometimes abbreviated as (see Pseudoelement symbols). It is a colourless, highly volatile, sweet-smelling ("ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It is commonly used as a solvent in laboratories and as a starting fluid for some engines. It was formerly used as a general anesthetic, until non-flammable drugs were developed, such as halothane. It has been used as a recreational drug to cause intoxication. Production Most diethyl ether is produced as a byproduct of the vapor-phase hydration of ethylene to make ethanol. This process uses solid-supported phosphoric acid catalysts and can be adjusted to make more ether if the need arises. Vapor-phase dehydration of ethanol over some alumina catalysts can give diethyl ether yields of up to 95%. Diethyl ether can be prepared both in laboratories and on an industrial scale by the acid ether synthesis. Ethanol is mixed with a stro ...
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Water Of Crystallization
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation. Upon crystallization from water, or water-containing solvents, many compounds incorporate water molecules in their crystalline frameworks. Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost. Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins. Applications Knowledge of hyd ...
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Mercuric Iodide
Mercury(II) iodide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Hg I2. It is typically produced synthetically but can also be found in nature as the extremely rare mineral coccinite. Unlike the related mercury(II) chloride it is hardly soluble in water (<100 ppm).

Production

Mercury(II) iodide is produced by adding an aqueous solution of to an aqueous solution of with stirring; the precipitate is filtered off, washed and dried at 70 °C. : HgCl₂ + 2 KI → HgI₂ + 2 KCl

Properties

Mercury(II) iodide displays