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Portuguese Train Type 9630
The Série 9630 are a class of diesel multiple unit trains built for the metre gauge lines of Portuguese Railways (CP) in the Porto area. The trains were built in Portugal by Sorefame and entered service in 1991. These trains were specifically built for and initially used on local train services from Trindade station in Porto. Built with diesel-electric transmission, they were designed for easy conversion to electric multiple units. Instead of electrifying the Porto-area lines, it was decided to extensively modernise the system and rebuilt the network completely as part of the Porto Metro (which has been built to ). The closure of these metre gauge lines in 2002 for modernisation left the Série 9630 (and the older Série 9600) units redundant. Seven two-carriage units of Série 9630 were transferred to the Vouga line, where (as of March 2012) they remain in service. Since 2009 the Vouga line has been CP's only remaining metre gauge line. This line is, however, also threatened ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorefame
Sorefame (an abbreviation of ''Sociedades Reunidas de Fabricações Metálicas'') was a Portuguese manufacturer of railway rolling stock and industrial equipment, such as dam gates equipment. The company was established in 1943. In the 1990s the company was split into a rolling stock company ''Nova Sorefame'' and a dam equipment company ''Hidrosorefame''; Hidrosorefame was acquired by Alstom, the rolling stock business became part of ABB's rail transport division, later Adtranz, and in 2001 part of Bombardier transportation; it was closed in 2005. Company history Sorefame was founded in 1943, capitalised using state funds, but run as a private business. The company had two main product lines: railway equipment such as rolling stock, and equipment for hydro-electric reservoirs, such as dam gates. In 1987 Sorefame underwent restructuring with MOMPOR, forming a new company ''Sociedade de Montagens Metalomecânicas'' (SMM); in 1990 SMM merged with Sorefame, MAGUE and SEPSA resul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comboios De Portugal
CP — Comboios de Portugal, EPE (''CP''; English: ''Trains of Portugal'') is a state-owned company which operates passenger trains in Portugal. Before June 2009, CP stood for Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses (English: ''Portuguese Railways'') although the company has been using its current designation as a brand name since 2004. In 2019, CP transported 145 million passengers, 19 million more than in 2018. History On 28 October 1856, the first railway line was inaugurated in Portugal, between Lisbon and Carregado: the ''Companhia dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses'' was born. The network was gradually expanded both south of the Tagus and to the north of the country, as well as in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto and to Spain. During the second half of the 20th century, much of CP's rolling stock was built in Portugal by Sorefame - notably carriages with stainless steel bodywork. Gradually, electrification was put in place for a little less than half the network. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linha Do Vouga And Ramal De Aveiro
Linha do Vouga ''(the Vouga line)'' is the last surviving metre gauge railway line in Portugal still operated by Comboios de Portugal. The other remaining metre gauge lines (the Corgo, Tâmega and Tua lines) all closed in 2009. The line is, however, also under the threat of closure. The Vouga line serves Aveiro, Agueda, Sernada do Vouga, Albergaria-a-Velha, Oliveira de Azeméis, São João da Madeira, Santa Maria da Feira, and Espinho. Since 2002, services on the line have largely been operated by CP's Série 9630 diesel multiple units, which replaced the previous ex-Yugoslav Série 9700 diesel multiple units and the Dutch-built Série 9300 railcars. The section between Sernada do Vouga and Viseu is closed. History After the line was opened by Manuel II of Portugal in 1908, the Companhia do Vale do Vouga operated it from 1907 to 1946. The first section, between Espinho and Oliveira de Azeméis, opened to traffic on 21 December 1908; the next section to be comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electro-pneumatic
The electro-pneumatic action is a control system by the mean of air pressure for pipe organs, whereby air pressure, controlled by an electric current and operated by the keys of an organ console, opens and closes valves within wind chests, allowing the pipes to speak. This system also allows the console to be physically detached from the organ itself. The only connection was via an electrical cable from the console to the relay, with some early organ consoles utilizing a separate wind supply to operate combination pistons. Invention Although early experiments with Barker lever, tubular-pneumatic and electro-pneumatic actions date as far back as the 1850s, credit for a feasible design is generally given to the English organist and inventor, Robert Hope-Jones.George Laing Miller (1909). The Recent Revolution in Organ Building'. (also a He overcame the difficulties inherent in earlier designs by including a rotating centrifugal air blower and replacing banks of batteries with a DC g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saurer
Adolph Saurer AG was a Swiss manufacturer of embroidery and textile machines, trucks and buses under the Saurer and Berna (beginning in 1929) brand names. Based in Arbon, Switzerland, the firm was active between 1903 and 1982. Their vehicles were widely used across mainland Europe, particularly in the interwar period. History In 1853 Franz Saurer (1806–1882) from Veringenstadt, Germany established an iron foundry for household goods near the Swiss town of Sankt Gallen. Eastern Switzerland was a center for both embroidery and embroidery machine development. About 1850 Franz Rittmeyer built the first practical, satin stitch embroidery machine, known as the '' Handstickmaschine''. Several Swiss companies began building and improving these machines, and their heyday lasted from roughly 1865 until the end of the century. Two of Franz Saurer's sons – Anton and Adolf - were aware of this invention, saw an opportunity, and began building hand embroidery machines in their father's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force will act on it. The magnitude of this force is given by Coulomb's law. If the charge moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of positiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Brake
A railway brake is a type of brake used on the cars of railway trains to enable deceleration, control acceleration (downhill) or to keep them immobile when parked. While the basic principle is similar to that on road vehicle usage, operational features are more complex because of the need to control multiple linked carriages and to be effective on vehicles left without a prime mover. Clasp brakes are one type of brakes historically used on trains. Early days In the earliest days of railways, braking technology was primitive. The first trains had brakes operative on the locomotive tender and on vehicles in the train, where "porters" or, in the United States brakemen, travelling for the purpose on those vehicles operated the brakes. Some railways fitted a special deep-noted brake whistle to locomotives to indicate to the porters the necessity to apply the brakes. All the brakes at this stage of development were applied by operation of a screw and linkage to brake blocks applied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Train Type 9630 At Macinhata Do Vouga Train Station
In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and transport people or freight. Trains are typically pulled or pushed by locomotives (often known simply as "engines"), though some are self-propelled, such as multiple units. Passengers and cargo are carried in railroad cars, also known as wagons. Trains are designed to a certain gauge, or distance between rails. Most trains operate on steel tracks with steel wheels, the low friction of which makes them more efficient than other forms of transport. Trains have their roots in wagonways, which used railway tracks and were powered by horses or pulled by cables. Following the invention of the steam locomotive in the United Kingdom in 1804, trains rapidly spread around the world, allowing freight and passengers to move over land faster and cheaper than ever possible before. Rapid transit and trams were first built in the late 1800s t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metre Gauge
Metre-gauge railways are narrow-gauge railways with track gauge of or 1 metre. The metre gauge is used in around of tracks around the world. It was used by European colonial powers, such as the French, British and German Empires. In Europe, large metre-gauge networks remain in use in Switzerland, Spain and many European towns with urban trams, but most metre-gauge local railways in France, Germany and Belgium closed down in the mid-20th century, although many still remain. With the revival of urban rail transport, metre-gauge light metros were established in some cities, and in other cities, metre gauge was replaced by standard gauge. The slightly-wider gauge is used in Sofia. Examples of metre-gauge See also * Italian metre gauge * Narrow-gauge railways A narrow-gauge railway (narrow-gauge railroad in the US) is a railway with a track gauge narrower than standard . Most narrow-gauge railways are between and . Since narrow-gauge railways are usually built with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porto
Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropolitan area, with an estimated population of just 231,800 people in a municipality with only 41.42 km2. Porto's metropolitan area has around 1.7 million people (2021) in an area of ,Demographia: World Urban Areas March 2010 making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal. It is recognized as a global city with a Gamma + rating from the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trindade (station)
Trindade is a station on the Porto Metro system in Porto, Portugal. History The modern metro station was built on the site of the former Trindade railway station, which was the central terminus for services to Porto from Trofa, Póvoa do Varzim and the Guimarães line. Trindade was also the main entry point for the tunnelling machine which excavated the tunnels for Line D in central Porto. Services It is the only station where Lines A, B, C, E and F (which run as one line within the metropolitan area) intersect with Line D. It is in the centre of Porto and is the busiest station in the system by passenger numbers. On Lines A, B, C, E, and F it is preceded by Bolhão and followed by Lapa, while on Line D it is preceded by Aliados and followed by Faria Guimarães. The platforms for the A/B/C/E/F lines are at ground level under a sheltered roof, while the Line D trains are underground. Passengers In 2004, 14.8% of all ticket validations on the network were made at Trindade, do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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