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Pope Joan (card Game)
Pope Joan or Pope, a once popular Victorian family game, is an 18th-century England, English round game of card game, cards for three to eight players derived from the France, French game of Matrimony and Comete and ancestor to Spinado and the less elaborate Newmarket (card game), Newmarket. The game is related to the German Poch and French Nain Jaune. Although its first published rules appeared in Edmond Hoyle, Hoyle's Games edition of 1814, an earlier reference to the game, originally called Pope Julius (card game), Pope Julius, appeared in ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' in 1732. Etymology The name is a corruption of "nain jaune" (yellow dwarf), the name of in France where the game originated."Pope Joan", accessed 2017-11-09, http://www.parlettgames.uk/histocs/popejoan.html Pope Joan refers to the legend that Pope John VIII was actually a woman. As the Catholic Church denies a female pope, the legend was used as Protestant propaganda in the Victorian era, which also explains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Gilray
James Gillray (13 August 1756Gillray, James and Draper Hill (1966). ''Fashionable contrasts''. Phaidon. p. 8.Baptism register for Fetter Lane (Moravian) confirms birth as 13 August 1756, baptism 17 August 1756 1June 1815) was a British list of caricaturists, caricaturist and printmaking, printmaker famous for his etching, etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810. Many of his works are held at the National Portrait Gallery, London, National Portrait Gallery in London. Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon", with his works satirizing George III, Napoleon, prime ministers and generals. Regarded as being one of the two most influential cartoonists, the other being William Hogarth, Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, fertility of resource, keen sense of the ludicrous, and beauty of execution, at once gave him the first place among caricaturists. Early life He was born in Chelsea, London, Chelsea, London. His father ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Henry Townsend
George Henry Townsend (15 January 1787 – 23 February 1869) was an English literary compiler and journalist, who wrote several books that are of value in a study of his period. Townsend was born in Bermondsey, Surrey, England to John and Cordelia Townsend. He was admitted a Freeman of the City of London. His books include ''Russell's History of Modern Europe epitomised'' (1857), ''Shakespeare not an Impostor'' (1857), ''The Manual of Dates'' (1862), ''Men of the Time'' (1868), ''The Handbook of the Year 1868'' (1869) and ''The Every-day Book of Modern Literature'' (1870). Between 1860 and 1866 Townsend wrote several pamphlets containing selections of madrigals and glees for John "Paddy" Green, the proprietor of Evans's music and supper rooms, 43 Covent Garden. He wrote a ''Summary of Persian History'', included as a preface to a book on Outram and Havelock's Persian Campaign and published in 1858. During the elections of 1868 he was an active supporter of the Conservative party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th-century Card Games
The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 ( MDCCI) to December 31, 1800 ( MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions. During the century, slave trading and human trafficking expanded across the shores of the Atlantic, while declining in Russia, China, and Korea. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures, including the structures and beliefs that supported slavery. The Industrial Revolution began during mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution, with an emphasis on directly interconnected events. To historians who expand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoyles Games Modernized 137
Hoyles is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: *Celia Hoyles (born 1946), British mathematician *Hugh Hoyles (1814–1888), Canadian politician *Newman Wright Hoyles Newman Wright Hoyles (1777–1840) was an English businessman and politician. Hoyles was born in Dartmouth, England, and he became involved in the Newfoundland fish trade after being a fishing captain for many years. In 1811, he formed a partne ... (1777–1840), English businessman Fictional *Jayden Hoyles, from ''Daybreak'' (2019 TV series) See also * Hoyle {{surname ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curse Of Scotland
The Curse of Scotland is a nickname used for the nine of diamonds playing card.The Oxford English Dictionary (1971) and Chambers 20th Century Dictionary (1983) give similar definitions The expression has been used at least since the early 18th century, and many putative explanations have been given for the origin of this nickname for the card. Earliest printed references In a book printed in London in 1708, ''The British Apollo, or, Curious amusements for the ingenious'', a question is posed: Q. ''Why is the'' Nine of Diamonds ''called'' the curse of Scotland? A. Diamonds as the Ornamental Jewels of a Regnal Crown, imply no more in the above-nam'd Proverb than a mark of Royalty, for SCOTLAND'S ''Kings'' for many Ages, were observ'd, each ''Ninth'' to be a ''Tyrant'', who by Civil Wars, and all the fatal consequences of intestine discord, plunging the ''Divided Kingdom'' into strange Disorders, gave occasion, ''in the course of time'', to form the Proverb.. See also (entry for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the northeast and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. It also contains more than 790 islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. Most of the population, including the capital Edinburgh, is concentrated in the Central Belt—the plain between the Scottish Highlands and the Southern Uplands—in the Scottish Lowlands. Scotland is divided into 32 administrative subdivisions or local authorities, known as council areas. Glasgow City is the largest council area in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victorian Era
In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardian period, and its later half overlaps with the first part of the '' Belle Époque'' era of Continental Europe. There was a strong religious drive for higher moral standards led by the nonconformist churches, such as the Methodists and the evangelical wing of the established Church of England. Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period, and an increasing turn towards romanticism and even mysticism in religion, social values, and arts. This era saw a staggering amount of technological innovations that proved key to Britain's power and prosperity. Doctors started moving away from tradition and mysticism towards a science-based approach; medicine advanced thanks to the adoption ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 ''sui iuris'' churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope John VIII
Pope John VIII ( la, Ioannes VIII; died 16 December 882) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 14 December 872 to his death. He is often considered one of the ablest popes of the 9th century. John devoted much of his papacy attempting to halt and reverse the Muslim gains in southern Italy and their march northwards. When his efforts to obtain assistance from either the Franks or the Byzantines failed, John strengthened the defenses of Rome. He supported Methodius of Thessalonica in his mission to the Slavs, defended him against the Carolingian rulers and Bavarian clergy, and authorized the translation of the Bible into Slavonic. John also extended diplomatic recognition to the Duchy of Croatia and resolved the Photian schism. John's pontificate ended with his assassination, and the papacy became significantly weaker in the aftermath. Slavonic liturgy Pope Adrian II consecrated Methodius of Thessalonica as archbishop and supported his mission to the Sla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Joan
Pope Joan (''Ioannes Anglicus'', 855–857) was, according to legend, a woman who reigned as pope for two years during the Middle Ages. Her story first appeared in chronicles in the 13th century and subsequently spread throughout Europe. The story was widely believed for centuries, but most modern scholars regard it as fictional. Most versions of her story describe her as a talented and learned woman who disguised herself as a man, often at the behest of a lover. In the most common accounts, owing to her abilities she rose through the church hierarchy and was eventually elected pope. Her sex was revealed when she gave birth during a procession and she died shortly after, either through murder or of natural causes. The accounts state that later church processions avoided this spot and that the Vatican removed the female pope from its official lists and crafted a ritual to ensure that future popes were male. In the 16th century, Siena Cathedral featured a bust of Joan among other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nain Jaune
The game of Nain Jaune or Yellow Dwarf (french: Le jeu du nain jaune, ), also formerly called Lindor, is an "attractive and unique traditional French card game" using a board comprising five compartments or boxes. It is a reasoned game of chance because it combines the hazards of card distribution with the strategy of building suits. Nain Jaune, which is considered a classic French game,Comment jouer au Nain jaune. Traduit de l'anglais (2017) is named after the seven of diamonds, which is depicted as a yellow dwarf (french: nain jaune) in the centre of the game board. Nain Jaune first emerged in the mid-eighteenth century as one of the ''hocs'' group of games and is still a popular French family game to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Oxford English Dictionary
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the first and foundational historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP). It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers, as well as describing usage in its many variations throughout the world. Work began on the dictionary in 1857, but it was only in 1884 that it began to be published in unbound fascicles as work continued on the project, under the name of ''A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society''. In 1895, the title ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' was first used unofficially on the covers of the series, and in 1928 the full dictionary was republished in 10 bound volumes. In 1933, the title ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' fully replaced the former name in all occurrences in its reprinting as 12 volumes with a one-v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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