Pleasant Valley Conservancy State Natural Area
Pleasant Valley Conservancy is a Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources-dedicated Wisconsin State Natural Areas Program, State Natural Area. The area contains a variety of natural communities found in Wisconsin including oak woodland, oak savanna, dry and wet prairies, sedge meadow, shrub-carr, and an open marsh. Location and access Pleasant Valley Conservancy is located approximately 4 miles south of Black Earth, Wisconsin. Trails wind through the site.http://pleasantvalleyconservancy.org Description Prairie remnants are present on the south-facing ridge and have recovered from previous agricultural use due to intensive management that began in 1995. Plant species include big bluestem, little bluestem, Indian grass, Bouteloua curtipendula, side-oats grama, wood betony, bird's-foot violet, purple prairie clover, Oxalis, wood sorrel, and the uncommon prairie turnip (Pediomelum esculentum). Numerous large Bur oak, bur and white oaks are found further up the slope where th ...
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Dane County, Wisconsin
Dane County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census, the population was 561,504, making it the second-most populous county in Wisconsin. The county seat is Madison, which is also the state capital. Dane County is the central county of the Madison, Wisconsin, Metropolitan Statistical Area, as well as the Madison- Janesville- Beloit Combined Statistical Area. History Dane County was formed in 1836 as a territorial county and organized in 1839. It was named after Nathan Dane, a Massachusetts delegate to the Congress of the Confederation who helped carve Wisconsin out of the Northwest Territory. Dane County was settled in the 1840s by settlers from New England. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of , of which is land and (3.3%) is water. Major highways * Interstate 39 * Interstate 90 * Interstate 94 * U.S. Highway 12 * U.S. Highway 14 * U.S. Highway 18 * U.S. Highway 51 * U.S. Highway 151 * Highway ...
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Oxalis
''Oxalis'' ( (American English) or (British English)) is a large genus of flowering plants in the wood-sorrel family Oxalidaceae, comprising over 550 species. The genus occurs throughout most of the world, except for the Polar region, polar areas; species diversity is particularly rich in tropical Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa. Many of the species are known as wood sorrels (sometimes written "woodsorrels" or "wood-sorrels") as they have an acidic taste reminiscent of the sorrel proper (''Rumex acetosa''), which is only distantly related. Some species are called yellow sorrels or pink sorrels after the color of their flowers instead. Other species are colloquially known as false shamrocks, and some called sourgrasses. For the genus as a whole, the term oxalises is also used. Description and ecology These plants are annual plant, annual or perennial plant, perennial. The leaves are divided into three to ten or more obovate and top-notched leaflets, arranged palmately with all ...
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Red Maple
''Acer rubrum'', the red maple, also known as swamp maple, water maple, or soft maple, is one of the most common and widespread deciduous trees of eastern and central North America. The U.S. Forest Service recognizes it as the most abundant native tree in eastern North America. The red maple ranges from southeastern Manitoba around the Lake of the Woods on the border with Ontario and Minnesota, east to Newfoundland, south to Florida, and southwest to East Texas. Many of its features, especially its leaves, are quite variable in form. At maturity, it often attains a height around . Its flowers, petioles, twigs, and seeds are all red to varying degrees. Among these features, however, it is best known for its brilliant deep scarlet foliage in autumn. Over most of its range, red maple is adaptable to a very wide range of site conditions, perhaps more so than any other tree in eastern North America. It can be found growing in swamps, on poor, dry soils, and almost anywhere in between. ...
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Carya Cordiformis
''Carya cordiformis'', the bitternut hickory, also called bitternut or swamp hickory, is a large pecan hickory with commercial stands located mostly north of the other pecan hickories. Bitternut hickory is cut and sold in mixture with the true hickories. It is the shortest-lived of the hickories, living to about 200 years. Description It is a large deciduous tree, growing up to tall (exceptionally to ), with a trunk up to diameter. The leaves are long, pinnate, with 7–11 leaflets, each leaflet lanceolate, long, with the apical leaflets the largest but only slightly so. The flowers are small wind-pollinated catkins, produced in spring. The fruit is a very bitter nut, long with a green four-valved cover which splits off at maturity in the fall, and a hard, bony shell. Another identifying characteristic is its bright sulfur-yellow winter bud. It is closely related to the pecan, sharing similar leaf shape and being classified in the same section of the genus ''Carya'' sec ...
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Spiderwort
''Tradescantia'' () is a genus of 85 species of herbaceous perennial wildflowers in the family Commelinaceae, native to the Americas from southern Canada to northern Argentina, including the West Indies. Members of the genus are known by many common names, including inchplant, wandering jew, spiderwort, and dayflower. ''Tradescantia'' grow , and are commonly found individually or in clumps in wooded areas and open fields. They were introduced into Europe as ornamental plants in the 17th century and are now grown in many parts of the world. Some species have become naturalized in regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, and on some oceanic islands. The genus's many species are of interest to cytogenetics because of evolutionary changes in the structure and number of their chromosomes. They have also been used as bioindicators for the detection of environmental mutagens. Some species have become pests to cultivated crops and considered invasive. Description ''Tradescant ...
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Dodecatheon Meadia
''Primula meadia'' (syn. ''Dodecatheon meadia''), known by the common names shooting star, eastern shooting star, American cowslip, roosterheads, and prairie pointers is a species of flowering plant in the primrose family Primulaceae. It is native to the eastern United States and Canada, spanning north from Manitoba and New York, south to Texas and Florida. It has a wide natural habitat, being found in both forests and prairies. It is most often found in calcareous areas. It can be locally common in some areas of its range, however, it can become rare on its geographic edges. Description ''Primula meadia'' is a perennial, growing to high, with flowers that emerge from a basal rosette of leaves (scapose). It blooms in the spring. The flowers are nodding, and form an umbel. Its seeds are dispersed by gusts of wind that shake the erect scapes. This species is geographically widespread, and has considerable morphological variation across its range. Most southern population have wh ...
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Alum-root
The common name for the Alumroot is Coral bells. The scientific name of the Alumroot is Heuchera. The First Nations or Inuit name for the Alumroot is rat root. Alum root or Alumroot is a common name for some species of two different genera of flowering plants: *''Heuchera'', also called coralbells *''Geranium ''Geranium'' is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums or cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in ...

Astragalus Canadensis
''Astragalus canadensis'' is a common and widespread member of the milkvetch genus in the legume family, known commonly as Canadian milkvetch. The plant is found throughout Canada and the United States in many habitats including wetlands, woodlands, and prairies. It sends out several thin, erect, green stems, bearing leaves that are actually made up of pairs of leaflets, each leaflet up to 3 centimeters in length. It has inflorescences of tubular, greenish-white flowers which yield beanlike fruits within pods that rattle when dry. Like other ''Astragalus'' species, ''A. canadensis'' is somewhat toxic, but it has been used medicinally by Native American groups such as the Blackfoot The Blackfoot Confederacy, ''Niitsitapi'' or ''Siksikaitsitapi'' (ᖹᐟᒧᐧᒣᑯ, meaning "the people" or " Blackfoot-speaking real people"), is a historic collective name for linguistically related groups that make up the Blackfoot or Bla ... and Lakota people, particularly the roots. Gal ...
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Leadplant
''Amorpha canescens'', known as leadplant, downy indigo bush, prairie shoestring, or buffalo bellows, is a small, perennial semi-shrub in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to North America. It has very small purple flowers with yellow stamens which are grouped in racemes. Depending on location, the flowers bloom from late June through mid-September.Penskar, M.R. 2008. Special Plant Abstract for leadplant (Amorpha canescens). Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI. 4 pp. The compound leaves of this plant appear leaden (the reason for the common name "leadplant") due to their dense hairiness. The roots can grow up to deep and can spread up to radially. This plant can be found growing in well-drained soils of prairies, bluffs, and open woodlands. Description Typically between tall, leadplant can be identified by its small purple flowers grouped in long spikes and its grey-green leaflets that are alternate and pinnately compound. The plant produces fruits in the form of h ...
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Elymus Histrix
Elymus may refer to: * ''Elymus'' (plant), a genus of grasses * Elymus (mythology), the mythical ancestor of the Elymians * A man killed by Gorge (mythology) In Greek mythology, Gorge( grc, Γόργη, comes from the adjective ''gorgos,'' "terrible" or "horrible") may refer to: *Gorge, a Libyan princess as one of the Danaïdes, daughters of King Danaus. Her mother was either the hamadryads Atlanteia or ...

Asclepias Purpurascens
''Asclepias purpurascens'', the purple milkweed, is a herbaceous plant species. It is in the genus ''Asclepias'', making it a type of milkweed. It is native to the Eastern, Southern and Midwestern United States similar to the range of the common milkweed (''Asclepias syriaca''). The plant gets its name from the flowers that first develop a pink color but then turn darker purple as they mature. Unlike common milkweed, purple milkweed prefers some shade and is considered a plant of partial shade. It is also considered an indicator of oak savanna, especially in Wisconsin. The species rarely produces seed pods which are smooth, instead of the rough warty ones produced by common milkweed. Conservation status in the United States It is listed endangered in Massachusetts and Wisconsin, officially as historical to Rhode Island (though with two recently discovered yet meager pouplations), as imperiled in Maryland and as a special concern species in Connecticut and Tennessee. Uses Li ...
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Oak Savannas
An oak savanna is a type of savanna—or lightly forested grassland—where oaks (''Quercus ''spp.) are the dominant trees. The terms "oakery" or "woodlands" are also used commonly, though the former is more prevalent when referencing the Mediterranean area. These savannas were maintained historically through wildfires set by lightning, humans, grazing, low Precipitation (meteorology), precipitation, and/or poor soil. Although there are pockets of oak savanna almost anywhere in North America where oaks are present, there are three major oak savanna areas: 1) California oak woodland, California, Quercus garryana#Garry oak woodlands, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon in the west; 2) Southwestern United States and northern Mexico; and 3) the prairie/forest border of the Midwestern United States. There are also small areas of oak savannas in other parts of the world. (See also Eastern savannas of the United States for information on pine savannas of the U.S. South.) Midwester ...
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