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Plasmodium Merulae
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electron Micrograph
A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a microscope but is only slightly magnified, usually less than 10 times. Micrography is the practice or art of using microscopes to make photographs. A micrograph contains extensive details of microstructure. A wealth of information can be obtained from a simple micrograph like behavior of the material under different conditions, the phases found in the system, failure analysis, grain size estimation, elemental analysis and so on. Micrographs are widely used in all fields of microscopy. Types Photomicrograph A light micrograph or photomicrograph is a micrograph prepared using an optical microscope, a process referred to as ''photomicroscopy''. At a basic level, photomicroscopy may be performed simply by connecting a camera to a microscope, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Relictum
''Plasmodium relictum'' is a species in the genus ''Plasmodium,'' subgenus '' Haemamoeba''. It is a parasite, and the most common cause of malaria in birds. Like all ''Plasmodium'' species, ''P. relictum'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds. Distribution ''P. relictum'' is geographically widespread, and is the most widespread malaria parasite of birds. Climate change is broadening its distribution further and is expected to continue to do so, including into higher elevations. Hosts Avian ''P. relictum'' infects a wide variety of birds including birds from various orders. Infections in numerous wild birds and experimental animals have been described including partridges, canaries, chickens, ducks, pigeons and '' Spheniscus magellanicus'' (Magellanic penguins). . . Experimental attempts to infect owls were not successful, suggesting owls may not be susceptible to ''P. relictum''. Vector ''Culex quinquefasciatus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Ashfordi
''Plasmodium ashfordi'' is a species of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus '' Papernaia''. Like all species in this genus it has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate host are birds. Description This species was first described in 2007 by Valkiunas ''et al.''Valkiunas G, Zehtindjiev P, Hellgren O, Ilieva M, Iezhova TA, Bensch S. (2007) Linkage between mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages and morphospecies of two avian malaria parasites, with a description of ''Plasmodium (Novyella) ashfordi'' sp. nov. Parasitol Res. The parasite infects erythrocytes. Geographical location This species is found in Europe and probably in Africa. Clinical features and pathological effects The organism was isolated from great reed warblers ('' Acrocephalus arundinaceus''). Videvall ''et al.'', 2015 study the course of gene transcription in hosts (in this case '' Spinus spinus''). They find differences between uninfected, infected and rising parasitemia, and infection past the pea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novyella
''Novyella'' is a subgenus of the genus ''Plasmodium'' - all of which are parasites. The subgenus was created in 1963 by Corradetti ''et al.'' Species in this subgenus infect birds. It unites the avian malaria parasites with small erythrocytic meronts and elongated gametocytes. Taxonomy This subgenus was created on the basis of morphology. Subsequent DNA studies showed it to be polyphetic. Its definition has been revised by Landau ''et al'' to contain only those species with a white/blue globule in the cytoplasm. Several of the species that were included in this subgenus have now been moved to a new subgenus '' Papernaia''. Species The type species is ''Plasmodium vaughani''. Description Species in the subgenus ''Novyella'' have the following characteristics: * Mature schizonts are either smaller than or only slightly larger than the host nucleus. They contain scanty cytoplasm. * Gametocytes are elongated. Sexual stages in this subgenus resemble those of ''Haemoprote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Reichenowi
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Lomamiensis
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Gaboni
''Plasmodium gaboni'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Laverania''. ''P. gaboni'' was given its name in reference to Gabon, where the parasite was discovered in two wild-borne chimpanzees kept as pets in villages in that country. ''Plasmodium gaboni'' is phylogenetically very close to '' Plasmodium billbrayi''. Taxonomy In 2009, Ollomo et al. published the complete mitochondrial genome of ''Plasmodium gaboni'', which was not yet named at the time. The parasite belongs to the '' P falciparum/ P reichenowi'' lineage. It has been proposed that ''Plasmodium gaboni'' diverged from the ''P falciparum/P reichenowi'' lineage about 21 million years ago, leading to the conclusion that the ancestor of this parasite clade could have been already present in hominid ancestors. ''Plasmodium gaboni'' is 10-fold more diverse than human parasite '' Plasmodium falciparum'', indicating a very recent origin of the latter. ''Plasmodium gaboni'' is similar to both ''Plasmod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Falciparum
''Plasmodium falciparum'' is a Unicellular organism, unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of ''Plasmodium'' that causes malaria in humans. The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female ''Anopheles'' mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. It is responsible for around 50% of all malaria cases. ''P. falciparum'' is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans. It is also associated with the development of blood cancer (Burkitt's lymphoma) and is classified as a List of IARC Group 2A carcinogens, Group 2A (probable) carcinogen. The species originated from the malarial parasite ''Laverania'' found in gorillas, around 10,000 years ago. Alphonse Laveran was the first to identify the parasite in 1880, and named it ''Oscillaria malariae''. Ronald Ross discovered its transmission by mosquito in 1897. Giovanni Battista Grassi elucidated the complete transmission from a female Anopheles, anopheline mosquit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Billbrayi
''Plasmodium billbrayi'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Laverania''. ''P. billbrayi'' is phylogenetically very close to ''Plasmodium gaboni'', with both sharing a recent common ancestor. The parasite is named in honour of the distinguished malariologist “Bill” Robert Stow Bray (1923–2008). Taxonomy ''Plasmodium billbrayi'' was first described along with '' Plasmodium billcollinsi'' by Krief ''et al.'' in February 2010, by sequencing the whole ''Plasmodium'' mitochondrial genome in chimpanzees. Distribution This species is found in East Africa. Hosts ''Plasmodium billbrayi'' infects common chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes'') and Eastern chimpanzee The eastern chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') is a subspecies of the common chimpanzee. It is native to the Central African Republic, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania. Taxono ...s (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''). See al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laverania
''Laverania'' is a subgenus of the parasite genus ''Plasmodium''. Infection with these species results in malaria. The subgenus was first described in 1958. The name was first proposed by Welch in 1897 as a genus name for the group now known as ''Plasmodium'' but for a variety of reasons the genus name ''Plasmodium'' was preferred. __TOC__ Taxonomy The first non-human primate parasites were described by Eduard Reichenow in Cameroon in 1920. He observed three morphologically distinct ''Plasmodium'' parasites in the blood of chimpanzees and gorillas in 1917. These finding were later confirmed by other workers. One species closely resembled ''P. falciparum'' and was thought to be the same species. This species was later renamed ''P. reichenowi''. The other two species — ''P. rhodaini'' and ''P. schwetzi'' — have since been placed in the subgenus ''Plasmodium''. The noticeable differences between ''P. falciparum'' and the other known ''Plasmodium'' species led to the proposa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Floridense
''Plasmodium floridense'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Lacertaemoba''. As in all ''Plasmodium'' species, ''P. floridense'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are lizards. Description This species was described by Thompson and Huff in 1944. Schizonts are 1.5 -2.0 times the size of the nucleus of an uninfected erythrocyte. They produce 8-24 merozoites. The gametocytes are of a similar size. Distribution This organism is found in an area stretching continuously from the southern United States to Panama. It is also found in the Caribbean. Hosts It infects lizards of the genera '' Anolis'' (''Anolis carolinensis'',Perkins S.L., Kerwin A.S., Rothschild A.D. (2008) Patterns of infection of the lizard malaria parasite, ''Plasmodium floridense'', in invasive brown anoles (''Anolis sagrei'') in Southwestern Florida. Parasitol Res. ''Anolis gundlachi'' Schall J.J., Pearson A.R., Perkins S.L. (2000) Prevalence of mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lacertamoeba
''Lacertamoeba'' is a subgenus of the genus ''Plasmodium'' — all of which are parasites. All species in this subgenus infect reptiles. Taxonomy This subgenus was created by Telford to refine the classification of species then given as ''Plasmodium tropiduri''. Species * '' Plasmodium arachniformis'' * ''Plasmodium brygooi'' * ''Plasmodium cnemaspi'' * ''Plasmodium fischeri'' * ''Plasmodium floridense'' * ''Plasmodium gologoense'' * ''Plasmodium holaspi'' * ''Plasmodium intabazwe'' * ''Plasmodium lepidoptiformis'' * ''Plasmodium loveridgei'' * ''Plasmodium pitmani'' * ''Plasmodium tanzaniae'' * ''Plasmodium torrealbai'' * ''Plasmodium tropiduri'' * ''Plasmodium uluguruense'' * ''Plasmodium uzungwiense'' * ''Plasmodium vautieri'' * ''Plasmodium zonuriae ''Plasmodium zonuriae'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Lacertamoeba''. As in all ''Plasmodium'' species, ''P. zonuriae'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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