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Piroplasmida
Piroplasmida is an order of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa. They divide by binary fission and as sporozoan parasites they possess sexual and asexual phases (sexual reproduction occurs in the tick gut). They include the tick parasites ''Babesia'' and ''Theileria''. Description They are minute rounded or pyriform parasites found within erythrocytes, or other circulating or endothelial cells of vertebrates, where they reproduce by merogony. The trophozoite stage is separated from erythrocyte by a single membrane. This distinguishes them from other blood parasites that usually have at least two membranes. An apical complex with a polar ring and rhopteries occurs, but without a conoid and usually without associated pellicular microtubules. They lack flagella and do not form either oocysts or spores. The known vectors are ticks or leeches in which they undergo sporogony; sexual reproduction probably occurs in the vector. See also * Babesiosis Babesiosis or piroplasmos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babesia Microti
Babesia microti is a parasitic blood-borne piroplasm transmitted by deer ticks. ''B. microti'' is responsible for the disease babesiosis, a malaria-like disease which also causes fever and hemolysis. Life cycle The life cycle of ''B. microti'' includes human red blood cells and is an important transfusion-transmitted infectious organism. Between 2010 and 2014 it caused four out of fifteen (27%) fatalities associated with transfusion-transmitted microbial infections reported to the US FDA (the highest of any single organism). In 2018, the FDA approved an antibody-based screening test for blood and organ donors. An important difference from malaria is that ''B. microti'' does not infect liver cells. Additionally, the piroplasm is spread by tick bites (''Ixodes scapularis'', the same tick that spreads Lyme disease), while the malaria protozoans are spread via mosquito. Finally, under the microscope, the merozoite form of the ''B. microti'' lifecycle in red blood cells forms a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babesia
''Babesia'', also called ''Nuttallia'', is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks. Originally discovered by the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888, over 100 species of ''Babesia'' have since been identified. ''Babesia'' comprises more than 100 species of tick-borne parasites that infect erythrocytes (red blood cells) in many vertebrate hosts. ''Babesia'' species infect livestock worldwide, wild and domestic vertebrate animals, and occasionally humans, where they cause the disease babesiosis. In the United States, ''B. microti'' is the most common strain of the few which have been documented to cause disease in humans. Classification ''Babesia'' is a protozoan parasite found to infect vertebrate animals, mostly livestock mammals and birds, but also occasionally humans. Common names of the disease that ''Babesia microti'' causes are Texas cattle fever, redwater fever, tick fever, and Nantucket fever. The disease it caus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theileriidae
Theileriidae is a family of parasites in the order Piroplasmida. It includes the genus ''Theileria ''Theileria'' is a genus of parasites that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, and is closely related to ''Plasmodium''. Two ''Theileria'' species, ''T. annulata'' and ''T. parva'', are important cattle parasites. ''T. annulata'' causes tropical ...''. References Piroplasmida Apicomplexa families {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babesiidae
Babesiidae is a family of protists belonging to the order Piroplasmida. Genera: * ''Babesia ''Babesia'', also called ''Nuttallia'', is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks. Originally discovered by the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888, over 100 species of ''Babesia'' have since ...'' Starcovivi, 1893 * '' Echinozoon'' Garnham, 1951 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18618857 Piroplasmida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theileria
''Theileria'' is a genus of parasites that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, and is closely related to ''Plasmodium''. Two ''Theileria'' species, ''T. annulata'' and ''T. parva'', are important cattle parasites. ''T. annulata'' causes tropical theileriosis and ''T. parva'' causes East Coast fever. ''Theileria'' species are transmitted by ticks. The genomes of ''T. orientalis'' Shintoku'', Theileria equi'' WA, ''Theileria annulata'' Ankara and ''Theileria parva'' Muguga have been sequenced and published. ''Theileria equi'' is a known cause of equine piroplasmosis. Vaccines against ''Theileria'' are in development. In May 2010, a vaccine that was reported to protect cattle against East Coast fever had been approved and registered by the governments of Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania. Description Species in this genus undergo exoerythrocytic merogony in the lymphocytes, histiocytes, erythroblasts, and other cells of the internal organs. This is followed by invasion of the erythroc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauroplasma
Sauroplasma is a genus of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus have two hosts (a vertebrate and an invertebrate) in their life cycle: for species in this genus the vertebrate host are lizards. The vectors are not known but ticks have been suggested as possible hosts. The type species is ''Sauroplasma thomasi''. History This genus was described in 1938 by du Toit. Description To date this species has been described from erythrocytes only. The parasites are amoeboid but frequently adopt a ring shape. A vacuole is present and occasionally one or more pigment granules. Schizogony is absent. Binary fission or budding into two daughter cells occurs. Host records * ''S. boreale'' - sand lizard (''Lacerta agilis'') *''S. thomasi'' - great girdled lizard ('' Zonurus giganteus'') Unknown species * Jamaican iguana (''Cyclura collei'') * Grand Cayman iguana (''Cyclura lewisi'') * Cuban rock iguana (''Cyclura nubila'') * leaf-tailed gecko (''Uroplatus fimbri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haematoxenus
''Haematoxenus'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. The type species is ''Haematoxenus veliferus''. History This genus was described by Uilenberg in 1964. Description The species in this genus are transmitted by ticks. The species appear to non pathogenic to the hosts. The genus has been found in Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Uganda. ''Haematoxenus separatus'' infects sheep and is transmitted by the tick ''Rhipicephalus evertsi ''Rhipicephalus'' is a genus of ticks in the family Ixodidae, the hard ticks, consisting of about 74 or 75 species. Most are native to tropical Africa.Olwoch, J. M., et al. (2007)Climate change and the genus ''Rhipicephalus'' (Acari: Ixodidae) in ...''. ''Haematocenus veliferus'' infects cattle and the African buffalo and is spread by the tick '' Amblyomma variegatum''. References Piroplasmida Apicomplexa genera Parasites of mammals {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Babesiosis
Babesiosis or piroplasmosis is a malaria-like parasitic disease caused by infection with a eukaryotic parasite in the order Piroplasmida, typically a ''Babesia'' or ''Theileria'', in the phylum Apicomplexa. Human babesiosis transmission via tick bite is most common in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and parts of Europe, and sporadic throughout the rest of the world. It occurs in warm weather. People can get infected with ''Babesia'' parasites by the bite of an infected tick, by getting a blood transfusion from an infected donor of blood products, or by congenital transmission (an infected mother to her baby). Ticks transmit the human strain of babesiosis, so it often presents with other tick-borne illnesses such as Lyme disease. After trypanosomes, ''Babesia'' is thought to be the second-most common blood parasite of mammals. They can have major adverse effects on the health of domestic animals in areas without severe winters. In cattle the disease is known as T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entopolypoides
''Entopolypoides'' is a genus of parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. History The type species ('' Entopolypoides macaci'') was described by Mayer in 1934 in a ''Macaca irus'' monkey from Java. Description Young parasites are delicate rings with a large vacuole but the more mature parasites have several fine long processes. After three days in the erythrocyte the parasite divides into four. There is no synchronicity of division. Host range * vervet monkeys ('' Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus'') * Syke's monkeys ('' Cercopithecus mitis'') * long tailed macaques (''Macaca fascicularis'') * macaque (''Macaca irus'') * yellow baboon (''Papio cynocephalus'') Note The genus ''Entopolypoides'' may be synonymous with that of ''Babesia ''Babesia'', also called ''Nuttallia'', is an apicomplexan parasite that infects red blood cells and is transmitted by ticks. Originally discovered by the Romanian bacteriologist Victor Babeș in 1888, over 100 species of ''Babesia'' h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinozoon
''Echinozoon'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia. There is one species in this genus - ''Echinozoon hoogstraali''. History The species and genus was described in 1951 by Garnham. The parasite was isolated from a bush rock hyrax ('' Heterohyrax brucei hoogstraali'') in 1950 by Hoogstraal and Lawless in Torit, South Sudan. Description Filaments are present on parasitized erythrocytes making their identification easy. The earliest stages (ring forms) are less than two micrometers in size and are oval or round in shape. No filaments are evident at this stage unlike all later stages. The parasites occur singly in the erythrocytes. A vacuole is present. The nucleus is irregular. Later stages occur in two forms. The smaller of these may be up to 5 micrometers in size, circular in outline, with pale blue cytoplasm that is free of granules. The nucleus lies to the side of the vacuole. The larger form may be up to nine micrometers in size. The cytoplasm is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthemosoma
''Anthemosoma'' is a genus of parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. There is only one species recognised in this genus - a parasite of mammals. History The genus was described in 1969 by Landau, Boulard and Housin.Landau I, Boulard Y, Housin R. (1969) ''Anthemosoma garnhami'' n. g. n. sp., 1st ''Dactylosomidae'' known in mammals. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 268(5):873-875 Description Although polar rings and rhoptries are present other typical Apicomplexian features including conoid, flagellae, oocysts, Apicomplexa lifecycle stages, sporocysts and pseudocysts are absent. The species parasitises erythrocytes. It is heteroxenous with Protozoal merogony, merogony and gamogony in the vertebrate host. Fertilization and sporogony in the invertebrate host. Meronts: These occur in erythrocytes. 5-32 merozoites are produced by budding. Gamonts: These are spheroid or ovoid. References Piroplasmida Apicomplexa genera Parasites of mammals {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dactylosoma
''Dactylosoma'' is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexia. Species in this genus have two hosts in their life cycle: the vertebrate host is a fish or amphibian (possibly also reptiles) and the invertebrate host is a glossiphoniid leech (''Glossiphoniidae''). Taxonomy This genus was described by Labbé in 1894. The type species is ''Dactylosoma ranarum''. Description Merogony: Schizonts in this genus produce 6 to 16 merozoites by simultaneous exogenous budding. These typically are found in a fan shaped arrangement. This occurs within the erythrocytes. Secondary merogony produces 6 smaller merozoites that are destined to become intraerythrocytic gamonts. Gametogony: The gametocytes are larger, elongated forms derived from some of the merozoites. Oocysts are formed after fertilization in the leech intestine. 30 or more sporozoites are produced by exogenous budding directly in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells. No oocyst wall is formed. Spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
