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Pidar
Pidar ( uga, 𐎔𐎄𐎗, ''pdr'') was a god worshiped in Ugarit in the late Bronze Age. He was associated with the weather god Baal, and it is often assumed his name is related to that of the goddess Pidray, but his character remains largely unknown. Name and character The proper vocalization of the name Pidar, written in the Ugaritic alphabetic script as ''pdr'', is confirmed by the syllabic spelling ''pí-dar6'' from a text written in standard cuneiform. It is assumed that it was derived either from the Hurrian word ''pedari'', "bull," or, less plausibly, that it is identical with Ugaritic ''pdr'', "city." Manfred Krebernik additionally argues that the name of the goddess Pidray, one of the daughters of Baal, might be related to Pidar's. Dennis Pardee outright refers to his name as a masculine form of Pidray's, though he assumes the latter name should be translated as "Fatty." This translation is based on the similarity to the Hebrew word ''peder'', "renal fat." This explanati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pidray
Pidray ( uga, 𐎔𐎄𐎗𐎊, ''pdry'') was an Ugaritic goddess of uncertain character. While she is well attested in Ugaritic texts, her role in Ugaritic religion remains uncertain. It has been proposed that she was one of the tutelary deities of the kings of Ugarit. Another proposal connects her with the weather, though this assumption is not universally accepted. The meaning of her name also continues to be disputed. In Ugaritic myths, she is described as a daughter of the weather god Baal. In the Baal Cycle, she appears alongside the goddess Tallay, regarded as her sister. In a single passage they are also joined by Arsay. Pidray alone is also mentioned in the myth ''Marriage of Nikkal and Yarikh''. Name and character Pidray's name is spelled as ''pdry'' in the Ugaritic alphabetic script. The correct vocalization is confirmed by the syllabic spelling ''pí-id-ra-i'' in an Akkadian letter from Ugarit written in the standard cuneiform script. Its etymology remains uncertain. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugarit
) , image =Ugarit Corbel.jpg , image_size=300 , alt = , caption = Entrance to the Royal Palace of Ugarit , map_type = Near East#Syria , map_alt = , map_size = 300 , relief=yes , location = Latakia Governorate, Syria , region = Fertile Crescent , coordinates = , type = settlement , part_of = , length = , width = , area = , height = , builder = , material = , built = c. 6000 BC , abandoned = c. 1185 BC , epochs =Neolithic–Late Bronze Age , cultures = Canaanite , dependency_of = , occupants = , event = Bronze Age Collapse , excavations = 1928–present , archaeologists = Claude F. A. Schaeffer , condition = ruins , ownership = Public , public_access = Yes , website = , notes = Ugarit (; uga, 𐎜𐎂𐎗𐎚, ''ʾUgarītu''; ar, أُوغَارِيت ''Ūġārīt'' or ''Ūǧārīt'') was an ancient port city in northern Syria, in the outskirts of modern Latakia, discovered by accident in 1928 together with the Ugar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anat
Anat (, ), Anatu, classically Anath (; uga, 𐎓𐎐𐎚 ''ʿnt''; he, עֲנָת ''ʿĂnāṯ''; ; el, Αναθ, translit=Anath; Egyptian: '' ꜥntjt'') was a goddess associated with warfare and hunting, best known from the Ugaritic texts. Most researchers assume that she originated in the Amorite culture of Bronze Age upper Mesopotamia, and that the goddess Ḫanat, attested in the texts from Mari and worshiped in a city sharing her name located in Suhum, should be considered her forerunner. In Ugarit, Anat was one of the main goddesses, and regularly received offerings, as attested in texts written both in the local Ugaritic language and in Hurrian. She also frequently appears in myths, including the ''Baal Cycle'' and the ''Epic of Aqhat''. In the former, she is portrayed as a staunch ally of the weather god Baal, who assists him in his struggle for kingship, helps him with obtaining the permission to obtain a dwelling of his own, and finally mourns and avenges his d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tallay
Tallay ( uga, 𐎉𐎍𐎊, ''ṭly'') was an Ugaritic goddess associated with the weather, especially with dew and light rain. She is sparsely attested in known Ugaritic texts, and does not appear in offering lists, though it is nonetheless assumed she was actively worshiped. She appears in the Baal Cycle as one of the daughters of the eponymous god, usually alongside Pidray, though in a single passage they are additionally accompanied by Arsay. Character Tallay's name is derived from the Ugaritic word ''ṭl'', "dew," while the final sign, ''y'', is a common suffix of feminine names. It is translated as "Dewy." Manfred Krebernik points out that presumably linguistically related ''ṭá-la-ia'' also occurs in a text from Ugarit written in the standard syllabic cuneiform script as an ordinary given name. Tallay's epithet, ''bt rb'', which occurs nine times in known Ugaritic texts, is typically translated as "daughter of showers," "daughter of rain" or "daughter of drizzle." Aich ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baal Cycle
The Baal Cycle is an Ugaritic cycle of stories about the Canaanite god Baʿal ( "Owner", "Lord"), a storm god associated with fertility. It is one of the Ugarit texts, dated to c. 1500-1300 BCE. The text identifies Baal as the god Hadad, the Northwest Semitic form of Adad. The stories are written in Ugaritic, a Northwest Semitic language, and written in a cuneiform consonantal alphabet. It was discovered on a series of clay tablets found in the 1920s in the Tell of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra), situated on the Mediterranean coast of northern Syria, a few kilometers north of the modern city of Latakia and far ahead of the current coastline. The stories include ''The Myth of Baʿal Aliyan'' and ''The Death of Baʿal''. Basic synopsis The Baʿal Cycle series of stories are summarized as: * Yam wants to rule over the other gods and be the most powerful of all * Baʿal Hadad opposes Yam and slays him * Baʿal Hadad, with the help of Anat and Athirat, persuades El to allow him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapash
Shapash (Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎔𐎌 ''špš'', "sun"), alternatively written as Shapshu or Shapsh, was a Canaanite sun goddess. She also served as the royal messenger of the high god El, her probable father. Her most common epithets in the Ugaritic corpus are ''nrt 'ilm špš'' ("Shapash, lamp of the gods", also translated as "torch" or "luminary" of the gods by various authors), ''rbt špš'' ("great lady Shapash"), and ''špš 'lm'' ("eternal Shapash"). In the pantheon lists KTU 1.118 and 1.148, Shapash is equated with the Akkadian dšamaš. Cult Unlike Shamash or Utu in Mesopotamia, but like Shams in Arabia, Shapash was a female solar deity. In addition to attestations in Ugaritic texts, Amarna letter EA 323 uses the Sumerogram for the sun deity, dUTU, as a feminine noun (''ša tiram dUTU'', line 19); given the letter's provenance with Yidya of Ashkelon it may refer to Shapash. Similarly, the letter EA 155 from Abimilki of Tyre to the Pharaoh includes a feminine dUTU (''LUGAL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teshub
Teshub (also written Teshup, Teššup, or Tešup; cuneiform ; hieroglyphic Luwian , read as ''Tarhunzas'';Annick Payne (2014), ''Hieroglyphic Luwian: An Introduction with Original Texts'', 3rd revised edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 159. Ugaritic 𐎚𐎘𐎁, ''TṮB'') was the Hurrian god of sky, thunder, and storms. Taru was the name of a similar Hattic storm god, whose mythology and worship as a primary deity continued and evolved through descendant Luwian and Hittite cultures. In these two, Taru was known as ''Tarhun / Tarhunt- / Tarhuwant- / Tarhunta'', names derived from the Anatolian root ''*tarh'' "to defeat, conquer". Taru/Tarhun/Tarhunt was ultimately assimilated into and identified with the Hurrian Teshub around the time of the religious reforms of Muwatalli II, ruler of the Hittite New Kingdom in the early 13th century BCE. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resheph
Resheph (also Reshef and many other variants, see below; phn, 𐤓𐤔𐤐, ''ršp''; Eblaite ''Rašap'', Egyptian ') was a deity associated with plague (or a personification of plague), either war or strong protection, and sometimes thunder in ancient Canaanite religion. The originally Eblaite and Canaanite god was then more famously adopted into ancient Egyptian religion in the late Bronze Age during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (late fifteenth century BC), also becoming associated with horses and chariots. In Biblical Hebrew, ''resheph'' is a noun interpreted as "flame, lightning" but also "burning fever, plague, pestilence". Etymology Resheph is known by a multitude of names, including Rahshaf, Rasap, Rashap, Resep, Reshef, Reshpu, Rapha, Repheth, and others that are not standardized. Ebla The name is found in third millennium BCE tablets from Ebla, as ''Rašap'' (''Ra-ša-ap''), listed as divinity of the cities of Atanni, Gunu, Tunip, and Shechem. Rasap wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El (deity)
(also Il, uga, 𐎛𐎍 ''ʾīlu''; phn, 𐤀𐤋 ''ʾīl''; he, אֵל ''ʾēl''; syr, ܐܺܝܠ ''ʾīyl''; ar, إيل or ; cognate to akk, 𒀭, ilu) is a Northwest Semitic word meaning "god" or "deity", or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major ancient Near Eastern deities. A rarer form, ''ila'', represents the predicate form in Old Akkadian and in Amorite. The word is derived from the Proto-Semitic *ʔil-, meaning "god". Specific deities known as ''El'', ''Al'' or ''Il'' include the supreme god of the ancient Canaanite religion and the supreme god of East Semitic speakers in Mesopotamia's Early Dynastic Period. Among the Hittites, El was known as Elkunirsa. Linguistic forms and meanings Cognate forms of ʼĒl are found throughout the Semitic languages. They include Ugaritic , pl. ; Phoenician pl. ; Hebrew , pl. ; Aramaic ; Akkadian , pl. . In northwest Semitic use, ʼĒl was a generic word for any god as well as the special name or tit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theophoric Name
A theophoric name (from Greek: , ''theophoros'', literally "bearing or carrying a god") embeds the word equivalent of 'god' or God's name in a person's name, reflecting something about the character of the person so named in relation to that deity. For example, names embedding Apollo, such as ''Apollonios'' or ''Apollodorus'', existed in Greek antiquity. Theophoric personal names, containing the name of a god in whose care the individual is entrusted (or a generic word for ''god''), were also exceedingly common in the ancient Near East and Mesopotamia. Some names of theophoric origin remain common today, such as Theodore (''theo-'', "god"; ''-dore'', origin of word compound in Greek: ''doron'', "gift"; hence "God's gift"; in Greek: ''Theodoros'') or less recognisably as Jonathan (from Hebrew ''Yonatan/Yehonatan'', meaning "Yahweh has given"). Classical Greek and Roman theophoric names * Demetrius and its derivatives mean "follower of Demeter." * Dennis, in Latin ''Dionysius'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dadmiš
Dadmiš ( uga, 𐎄𐎄𐎎𐎌, ''ddmš'') or Tadmiš (''dta-ad-mi-iš'') was a goddess worshipped in Ugarit. She is attested in texts written both in Ugaritic and in Hurrian. Her origin and functions remain unknown. Identification The earliest researchers did not yet recognize Dadmiš as a separate deity, and her name was considered to be an epithet of Resheph, ''ršp ddm''. Due to the trend in early scholarship to look for Greek explanations for terms present in Ugaritic texts it was assumed that this alleged deity was analogous to Apollo Didymaeus, similar to how the name Niqmaddu (''nqmd'', "Hadad the avenger") was misinterpreted as Nikomedes and the place name Yman, referring to an area near the kingdom of Amurru known also from Assyrian and Hebrew sources, as Ionia. The correct reading of the name, Dadmiš, was first proposed as early as 1932 by Bedřich Hrozný (who was also responsible for identifying the names of many Hurrian deities, for example Nupatik and Kumarbi, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugaritic Texts
The Ugaritic texts are a corpus of ancient cuneiform texts discovered since 1928 in Ugarit (Ras Shamra) and Ras Ibn Hani in Syria, and written in Ugaritic, an otherwise unknown Northwest Semitic language. Approximately 1,500 texts and fragments have been found to date. The texts were written in the 13th and 12th centuries BCE. The most famous of the Ugarit texts are the approximately fifty epic poems; the three major literary texts are the Baal Cycle, the Legend of Keret, and the Tale of Aqhat. The other texts include 150 tablets describing the Ugaritic cult and rituals, 100 letters of correspondence, a very small number of legal texts (Akkadian is considered to have been the contemporary language of law), and hundreds of administrative or economic texts. Unique among the Ugarit texts are the earliest known abecedaries, lists of letters in alphabetic cuneiform, where not only the canonical order of Phoenician script is evidenced, but also the traditional names for letters of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
