|
PiHex
PiHex was a distributed computing project organized by Colin Percival to calculate specific bits of . 1,246 contributors used idle time slices on almost two thousand computers to make its calculations. The software used for the project made use of Bellard's formula, a faster version of the BBP formula. History To calculate the five trillionth digit (and the following seventy-six digits) took 13,500 CPU hours, using 25 computers from 6 different countries. The forty trillionth digit required 84,500 CPU hours and 126 computers from 18 different countries. The highest calculation, the one quadrillionth digit, took 1.2 million CPU hours and 1,734 computers from 56 different countries. Total resources: 1,885 computers donated 1.3 million CPU hours. The average computer that was used to calculate would have taken 148 years to complete the calculations alone. After setting three records, calculating the five trillionth bit, the forty trillionth bit, and the quadrillionth bit, the project ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colin Percival
Colin A. Percival (born 1980) is a Canadian computer scientist and computer security researcher. He completed his undergraduate education at Simon Fraser University and a doctorate at the University of Oxford. While at university he joined the FreeBSD project, and achieved some notoriety for discovering a security weakness in Intel's hyper-threading technology. Besides his work in delta compression and the introduction of memory-hard functions, he is also known for developing the Tarsnap online backup service, which became his full-time job. Education Percival began taking mathematics courses at Simon Fraser University (SFU) at age 13, as a student at Burnaby Central Secondary School. He graduated from Burnaby Central and officially enrolled at SFU in 1998. At SFU he studied number theory under Peter Borwein, and competed in the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, placing in the top 15 in 1998 and as a Putnam Fellow (in the top six) in 1999. From 1998 to 2000 he ran t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellard's Formula
Bellard's formula is used to calculate the ''n''th digit of π in base 16. Bellard's formula was discovered by Fabrice Bellard in 1997. It is about 43% faster than the Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula (discovered in 1995). It has been used in PiHex, the now-completed distributed computing A distributed system is a system whose components are located on different computer network, networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions by message passing, passing messages to one another from any system. Distributed com ... project. One important application is verifying computations of all digits of pi performed by other means. Rather than having to compute all of the digits twice by two separate algorithms to ensure that a computation is correct, the final digits of a very long all-digits computation can be verified by the much faster Bellard's formula. Formula: : \begin \pi = \frac1 \sum_^\infty \frac \, \left(-\frac \right. & - \frac1 + \frac - \frac \left. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distributed Computing
A distributed system is a system whose components are located on different computer network, networked computers, which communicate and coordinate their actions by message passing, passing messages to one another from any system. Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. The components of a distributed system interact with one another in order to achieve a common goal. Three significant challenges of distributed systems are: maintaining concurrency of components, overcoming the clock synchronization, lack of a global clock, and managing the independent failure of components. When a component of one system fails, the entire system does not fail. Examples of distributed systems vary from service-oriented architecture, SOA-based systems to massively multiplayer online games to peer-to-peer, peer-to-peer applications. A computer program that runs within a distributed system is called a distributed program, and ''distributed programming' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project
A project is any undertaking, carried out individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular goal. An alternative view sees a project managerially as a sequence of events: a "set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations". A project may be a temporary (rather than a permanent) social system ( work system), possibly staffed by teams (within or across organizations) to accomplish particular tasks under time constraints. A project may form a part of wider programme management or function as an ''ad hoc'' system. Note that open-source software "projects" or artists' musical "projects" (for example) may lack defined team-membership, precise planning and/or time-limited durations. Overview The word ''project'' comes from the Latin word ''projectum'' from the Latin verb ''proicere'', "before an action," which in turn comes from ''pro-'', which d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BBP Formula
BBP may refer to: Science *Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula, a formula for computing the ''n''th binary digit of pi *Baseband processor, a device in a network interface that manages all the radio functions *Benzyl butyl phthalate, a plasticizer * Bloodborne pathogens, a virus that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids *Branchpoint Binding Protein, a pre-mRNA processing factor involved in RNA splicing *Blue Brain Project, a Swiss brain research initiative that aims to create a digital reconstruction of rodent and eventually human brains Places *Bayport-Blue Point School District, a school district in Bayport and Blue Point, New York *Bembridge Airport, Isle of Wight, England (IATA airport code: BBP) *Brooklyn Bridge Park, a park on the Brooklyn side of the East River in New York City Other *Bayou Bridge Pipeline, an oil pipeline constructed from 2017 to 2019 in Louisiana that was the subject of protests due to its environmental impact *Best B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Base 10
The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. It is the extension to non-integer numbers of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The way of denoting numbers in the decimal system is often referred to as ''decimal notation''. A ''decimal numeral'' (also often just ''decimal'' or, less correctly, ''decimal number''), refers generally to the notation of a number in the decimal numeral system. Decimals may sometimes be identified by a decimal separator (usually "." or "," as in or ). ''Decimal'' may also refer specifically to the digits after the decimal separator, such as in " is the approximation of to ''two decimals''". Zero-digits after a decimal separator serve the purpose of signifying the precision of a value. The numbers that may be represented in the decimal system are the decimal fractions. That is, fractions of the form , where is an integer, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
