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Physarum Aeneum
''Physarum aeneum'' is a slime mould species from the order Physarida. It is one of a few slime moulds mainly common in the tropics and subtropics. Characteristics The plasmodium of ''Physarum aeneum'' is black. The plasmodiocarps' fruit bodies are mostly expanded over several centimetres and amasses in groups, which can be produced simple, branched or cancellate. They are pink to brown, light olive, grey or bronze-coloured, and have a shiny or iridescent surface and a diameter from 0.3 to 0.4 mm. The plasmodiocarps are first often surrounded by unstiped, nearly round sporangia. The membranous hypothallus is barely larger than the plasmodiocarp and dark brown to darkish. The peridium is double-layered: the outer layer, which occasionally features lime tubercles, is rough, gristly, wrinkled and shiny to faint, and the membranous inner layer is iridescent. The reticular, dense capillitium is composed of transparent strands, which connect the small, rotund to angular, light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoebozoa
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum within either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked " supergroup" within Eukaryota. Molecular genetic analysis supports Amoebozoa as a monophyletic clade. Modern studies of eukaryotic phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta, another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, variously named Unikonta, Amorphea or Opimoda. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peridium
The peridium is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi. Description Depending on the species, the peridium may vary from being paper-thin to thick and rubbery or even hard. Typically, peridia consist of one to three layers. If there is only a single layer, it is called a peridium. If two layers are present, the outer layer is called the exoperidium and the inner layer the endoperidium. If three layers are present, they are the exoperidium, the mesoperidium and the endoperidium. In the simplest subterranean forms, the peridium remains closed until the spores are mature, and even then shows no special arrangement for dehiscence or opening, but has to decay before the spores are liberated. Puffballs For most fungi, the peridium is ornamented with scales or spines. In species that become raised above ground during their development, generally known as the "puffballs", the peridium is usually di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Lister
Arthur Hugh Lister (1830–1908) was a wine merchant and botanist, known for his research on slime molds. Life Lister was born in Upton House, Upton, Essex. He was the youngest son of Joseph Jackson Lister, a brother of the celebrated Joseph Lister, and father of the mycologist and botanical illustrator Gulielma Lister. He was educated at Hitchin and left school at sixteen to go into business. He became a partner in a company of wine merchants and retired from business in 1888. He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1873 and was the Society's vice-president in 1895–1896. He was president of the Mycological Society in 1906–1907. He married in 1855 and was the father of four daughters and three sons, one of whom was the zoologist Joseph Jackson Lister. Much of Arthur Lister's scientific work was done in collaboration with his daughter Gulielma. He was honoured in 1901, when botanists Penzig & P.A.Saccardo published ''Listeromyces'', Then in 1906, Eduard Adolf Wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physarum Murinum
''Physarum'' is a genus of mycetozoan slime molds in the family Physaraceae. It contains the following species: *'' Physarum albescens'' *''Physarum album'' *''Physarum andinum'' *''Physarum bivalve'' *''Physarum bogoriense'' *''Physarum cinereum'' *'' Physarum citrinum'' *''Physarum compressum'' *''Physarum confertum'' *'' Physarum conglomeratum'' *''Physarum crateriforme'' *''Physarum daamsii'' *''Physarum didermoides'' *''Physarum digitatum'' *''Physarum flavicomum'' *''Physarum florigerum'' *''Physarum globuliferum'' *''Physarum gyrosum'' *''Physarum hongkongense'' *''Physarum lakhanpalii'' *''Physarum lateritium'' *''Physarum leucophaeum'' *''Physarum loratum'' *''Physarum luteolum'' *''Physarum melleum'' *''Physarum mortonii'' *''Physarum mutabile'' *''Physarum nigripodum'' *''Physarum nucleatum'' *''Physarum nutans'' *''Physarum oblatum'' *''Physarum plicatum'' *''Physarum polycephalum'' *''Physarum psittacinum'' *''Physarum pulcherrimum'' *''Physarum pusillum'' *''Phys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arecaceae
The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees. Currently, 181 genera with around 2,600 species are known, most of which are restricted to tropical and subtropical climates. Most palms are distinguished by their large, compound, evergreen leaves, known as fronds, arranged at the top of an unbranched stem. However, palms exhibit an enormous diversity in physical characteristics and inhabit nearly every type of habitat within their range, from rainforests to deserts. Palms are among the best known and most extensively cultivated plant families. They have been important to humans throughout much of history. Many common products and foods are derived from palms. In contemporary times, palms are also widely used in landscaping. In many historical cultures, because of their importance as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominika
Dominika is the female version of Dominic. Notable people with the name include: * Dominika Červenková (born 1988), Czech rhythmic gymnast * Dominika Chorosińska (born 1978), Polish actress * Dominika Cibulková (born 1989), Slovak tennis player * Dominika Dery, Dominika Furmanová (born 1975), Czech journalist and writer * Dominika Kaňáková (born 1991), Czech tennis player * Dominika Kavaschová (born 1989), Slovak actress * Dominika Kopińska (born 1999), Polish footballer * Dominika Krois (born 1972), Polish civil servant and diplomat * Dominika Kulczyk (born 1977), Polish businesswoman * Dominika Mirgová (born 1991), Slovak singer and actress * Dominika Paleta (born 1972), Polish-born Mexican actress * Dominika Peczynski (born 1971), Swedish singer, model and television host * Dominika Piątkowska (born 1986), Polish skater * Dominika Polakowska (born 1982), Polish ice dancer * Dominika van Santen (born 1983), Venezuelan model and dancer * Dominika Stará (born 1993), Sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering. A holotype is not necessarily "typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands, with a combined area of . The main island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', has an area of , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Other major cities include Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, and Kaohsiung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries in the world. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Indies
The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, and the Lucayan Archipelago. The subregion includes all the islands in the Antilles, plus The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands, which are in the North Atlantic Ocean. Nowadays, the term West Indies is often interchangeable with the term Caribbean, although the latter may also include some Central and South American mainland nations which have Caribbean coastlines, such as Belize, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname, as well as the Atlantic island nations of Barbados, Bermuda, and Trinidad and Tobago, all of which are geographically distinct from the three main island groups, but culturally related. Origin and use of the term In 1492, Christopher Columbus became the first European to record his arri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under favourable conditions the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into a new s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capillitium
Capillitium (pl. capillitia) is a mass of sterile fibers within a fruit body interspersed among spores. It is found in Mycetozoa (slime molds) and gasteroid fungi of the fungal subdivision Agaricomycotina The subdivision Agaricomycotina, also known as the hymenomycetes, is one of three taxa of the fungal division Basidiomycota (fungi bearing spores on basidia). The Agaricomycotina contain some 20,000 species, and about 98% of these are in the cla .... In the fungi, the form of the capillitia, including shape, size, branching patterns, presence or absence of slits or pores, thickness of the walls, and color, are features that can be used to identify certain species or genera. References {{Reflist, refs= {{cite book , title=Poisonous Mushrooms of the northern United States and Canada , vauthors=Ammirati J, Traquair JA, Horgen PA , year=1985 , publisher=Fitzhenry & Whiteside in cooperation with Agriculture Canada , location=Markham, Ontario , isbn=978-0889029774 , page=30, 376 , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypothallus
In true slime molds (myxogastria), lichens, and in species of the family Clavicipitaceae, the hypothallus is the layer on which the fruit body sits, lying in contact with the substrate. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek root ''hypó'' ("under") and ''thallós'' ("shoot" or "thallus"). The hypothallus is produced by the plasmodium at the beginning of fructification. Depending on the species, it can be membranous to thick or tender to solid and nearly transparent to brightly coloured. It may surround an individual fruit body, or may form a contiguous connection between multiple fruit bodies. In some rare cases it is missing entirely. In crustose lichens, the hypothallus is the blackish lower layer of the thallus that produces rhizines, which are holdfasts that attach the lichen to its substrate. In some taxa the hypothallus may be involved in the formation of the fruit body. In the "epihypothallic" Stemonitida, the hypothallus forms hollow, tubular stems and a columella ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
