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Photochromogen
Mycobacteria that form colonies clearly visible to the naked eye in more than 7 days on subculture are termed slow growers. They can cause disease in humans. List of slowly growing Mycobacteria Nonchromogenic Rough * Mycobacterium africanum * Mycobacterium bovis * Mycobacterium leprae * Mycobacterium lacus * Mycobacterium lepraemurium * Mycobacterium microti * Mycobacterium pinnipedii * Mycobacterium shottsii * Mycobacterium tuberculosis Smooth * Mycobacterium branderi * Mycobacterium heidelbergense * Mycobacterium intracellulare * Mycobacterium malmoense Smooth to rough * Mycobacterium gastri * Mycobacterium haemophilum Small and Transparent * Mycobacterium avium avium * Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis * Mycobacterium avium silvaticum * Mycobacterium genavense * Mycobacterium montefiorense * Mycobacterium ulcerans Photochromogenic * Mycobacterium intermedium Yellow and smooth * Mycobacterium asiaticum * Mycobacterium marinum Yellow and rough * Myc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacteria
''Mycobacterium'' is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis ('' M. tuberculosis'') and leprosy ('' M. leprae'') in humans. The Greek prefix ''myco-'' means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with Gram-positive and Gram-negative features, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types. Metabolism and Morphology Mycobacteria are aerobic with 0.2-0.6 µm wide and 1.0-10 µm long rod shapes. They are generally non-motile, except for the species ''Mycobacterium marinum'', which has been shown to be motile within macrophages. Mycobacteria possess capsules and most do not form endospores. ''M. marinum'' and perhaps ''M. bovis'' have been shown to sporulate; however, this has been contested by further research. The disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberculosis
''Mycobacterium avium'' subspecies ''paratuberculosis'' (MAP) is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in the genus '' Mycobacterium''. It is often abbreviated ''M. paratuberculosis'' or ''M. avium'' ssp. ''paratuberculosis''. It is the causative agent of Johne's disease, which affects ruminants such as cattle, and suspected causative agent in human Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The type strain is ATCC 19698 (equivalent to CIP 103963 or DSM 44133). Pathophysiology MAP causes Johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants. It has long been suspected as a causative agent in Crohn's disease in humans,. but studies have been unable to show definite correlation. One study has argued that the presence of antibodies against ''Mycobacterium avium'' subspecies ''paratuberculosis'' is associated with increased propensity of patients with Crohn's disease to receive biological therapy. Recent studies have shown that MAP present in milk can survive pasteurization, which has rais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Interjectum
''Mycobacterium interjectum'' is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. Name Etymology: Phylogenetic position between ( la, interjectum) rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria. Description ''Mycobacterium interjectum is Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods (0.6-1.0 µm x 0.7-2.0 µm). Filaments (up to 6.0 µm) possible.'' Colony characteristics Dysgonic, smooth and scotochromogenic colonies (1–2 mm in diameter). Physiology *Slow growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium at temperatures between 31°C and 37 °C within 3–4 weeks. *Susceptible to rifampicin. *Resistant to isoniazid and ethambutol. Differential characteristics *Most closely related to ''M. simiae''. *Phylogenetic position between rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria. Pathogenesis *Chronic lymphadenitis * Biosafety level 2 Type strain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Heckeshornense
''Mycobacterium heckeshornense'' is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus '' Mycobacterium''. Description Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods. Cells are typically rod-shaped, with some coccoid forms. Colony characteristics Smooth, yellow scotochromogenic colonies appear after 4 weeks of culture. Physiology *Slowly growing organism, colonies appear after 4 weeks of growth. *Able to grow at 37 °C and 45 °C. Differential characteristics *The phylogenetic position of this species is within the cluster defined by ''M. xenopi'' and ''M. botniense''. *Key differentiating features are negative tests for arylsulfatase and pyrazinamidase and susceptibility to antimycobacterial drugs. Pathogenesis *Seems to be pathogenic in immunocompetent humans. * Biosafety level unknown Type strain *The type strain was isolated from human lung by bron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Farcinogenes
''Mycobacterium farcinogenes'' is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus ''Mycobacterium''. Although slow-growing, it is similar to fast-growing species, and is usually classified with them. Description Gram-positive, nonmotile and strongly acid-fast rods. Short or long filaments, bent and branched, in clumps or tangled, lacy network. Colony characteristics Rough, yellow and convoluted colonies. Firmly adherent to medium and surrounded by an iridescent halo. Physiology *Slow growth after 15–20 days on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Differential characteristics *On the basis of characteristic lipids this species belongs to the genus ''Mycobacterium'' and not to the genus ''Nocardia''. *DNA homology to the closely related species '' Mycobacterium senegalense''. Both species, share an identical 5' 16S rDNA sequence. However, the ITS sequences are di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Botniense
''Mycobacterium botniense'' is a slowly growing ''Mycobacterium'', which produces a yellow pigment. It was first isolated from a stream of water. ''M. botniense'' is most closely related to ''Mycobacterium xenopi''. Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...: botniense; of Botnia, referring to the Latin name of the province of Finland from which the isolation was made. Description Microscopy *Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast rods. Colony characteristics *Colonies on Löwenstein-Jensen media and on Middlebrook 7H11 agar are small, dysgonic and scotochromogenic, and produce yellow pigment. Physiology *Visible growth from diluted inocula requires 5 to 8 weeks. Growth occurs at 37 to 50 °C. *The type strain is positive for 10-d arylsulfatase and pyra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Conspicuum
''Mycobacterium conspicuum'' is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus ''Mycobacterium''. Description Gram-positive and nonmotile acid-fast coccobacilli. Does not form spores, capsules or aerial hyphae. Colony characteristics *Dysgonic and nonphotochromogenic, pale yellow colonies on Löwenstein-Jensen agar. Physiology *Slow growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium at temperatures between 22 °C and 31 °C after 2–3 weeks. *Susceptible to ethambutol, rifampin, streptomycin, resistant to pyrazinamide. *Synthesis of α- and keto-mycolates and wax esters. *no tolerance to 5% NaCl, positive for Tween 80 hydrolysis and for 10-day-arylsulfatase. Negative for production of nicotinic acid, acetamidase, benzamidase, urease, isonicotinamidase, nicotinamidase, pyrazinamidase, succinidamidase, nitrate reductase and tellurite reduction. Pathogenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Kansasii
''Mycobacterium kansasii'' is a bacterium in the ''Mycobacterium'' genus. It is an environmental bacteria that causes opportunistic infections in humans, and is the one of the leading mycobacterial causes of human disease after tuberculosis and leprosy. Description Gram-positive, nonmotile, moderately-long to long, and acid-fast rods. Colony characteristics It forms smooth to rough colonies after 7 or more days of incubation and is considered a slow grower. Colonies grown in dark are nonpigmented, when grown in light or when young colonies are exposed briefly to light, colonies become brilliant yellow (photochromogenic) according to the Runyon classification of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria. Oxygen is essential for the development of the pigment. If grown in a lighted incubator, most strains form dark red crystals of β-carotene on the surface and inside of colony. Physiology Its physiology is described as growth on Middlebrook 7H10 agar at 37°C within 7 days or more, resistan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Marinum
''Mycobacterium marinum'' is a slow growing mycobacterium (SGM) belonging to the genus ''Mycobacterium'' and the phylum Actinobacteria. The strain marinum was first identified by Aronson in 1926 and it is observed as a pathogenic mycobacterium. For example, tuberculosis like infections in fish (mycobacteriosis) and skin lesions in humans. ''Mycobacterium marinum'' is a mycobacterium which can infect humans. It was formerly known as ''Mycobacterium balnei''. Infection is usually associated either with swimming or with keeping or working with fish (aquarium granuloma). Whole genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding ge ... sequence of ''M. marinum'' (M strain) was first published in 2008 and later with the emerge of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), marinum type strain or p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Asiaticum
''Mycobacterium asiaticum'' is a slowly growing photochromogenic mycobacterium first isolated from monkeys in 1965. ''M. asiaticum'' can, but rarely, causes human pulmonary disease. Description Microscopy *Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast, coccoid rods. Colony characteristics *Dysgonic and yellow photochromogenic (pigment not produced in the dark) colonies. Physiology *Slow growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium at 37 °C after 15–21 days. Differential characteristics *Unique 16S rRNA sequence. *Biochemically M. asiaticum (photochromogenic) and Mycobacterium gordonae ''Mycobacterium gordonae'' is a species of ''Mycobacterium'' named for Ruth E. Gordon. It is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), be ... (scotochromogenic) can only be differentiated by the mode of pigmentation. Pathogenesis *Rarely causes human pulmonary disease. Type strain *First isola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Intermedium
''Mycobacterium intermedium'' is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus ''Mycobacterium''. Etymology: Latin; intermedium, meaning between, rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria. Description Gram-positive, and nonmotile acid-fast coccobacilli (2.0 µm x 2.6 µm). Colony characteristics * Eugonic, smooth and photochromogenic colonies (3–5mm in diameter) on Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Physiology *Growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium at 22 °C, 31 °C, 37 °C and 41 °C, (optimal temperature between 31 °C and 37 °C), within 2–3 weeks. *Susceptible to ethambutol and rifampin. *Resistant to isoniazid and streptomycin Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, ''Mycobacterium avium'' complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, ''Burkholde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Ulcerans
''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' is a species of bacteria found in various aquatic environments. The bacteria can infect humans and some other animals, causing persistent open wounds called Buruli ulcer. ''M. ulcerans'' is closely related to ''Mycobacterium marinum'', from which it evolved around one million years ago, and more distantly to the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis and leprosy. Description ''M. ulcerans'' are rod-shaped bacteria. They appear purple ("Gram positive") under Gram stain and bright red ("acid fast") under Ziehl–Neelsen stain. On laboratory media, ''M. ulcerans'' grow slowly, forming small transparent colonies after four weeks. As colonies age, they develop irregular outlines and a rough, yellow surface. Taxonomy and evolution ''M. ulcerans'' is a species of mycobacteria within the phylum Actinomycetota. Within the genus ''Mycobacterium'', ''M. ulcerans'' is classified as both a "non-tuberculous mycobacterium" and a "slow-growing mycobacterium". ''M. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
