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Phasmida
The Phasmatodea (also known as Phasmida, Phasmatoptera or Spectra) are an order of insects whose members are variously known as stick insects, stick-bugs, walking sticks, stick animals, or bug sticks. They are also occasionally referred to as Devil's darning needles, although this name is shared by both dragonflies and crane flies. They can be generally referred to as phasmatodeans, phasmids, or ghost insects, with phasmids in the family Phylliidae called leaf insects, leaf-bugs, walking leaves, or bug leaves. The group's name is derived from the Ancient Greek ', meaning an apparition or phantom, referring to their resemblance to vegetation while in fact being animals. Their natural camouflage makes them difficult for predators to detect; still, many species have one of several secondary lines of defense in the form of startle displays, spines or toxic secretions. Stick insects from the genera ''Phryganistria'', ''Ctenomorpha'', and ''Phobaeticus'' include the world's longes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteropteryx Dilatata
''Heteropteryx'' is a monotypic genus of stick insects containing ''Heteropteryx dilatata'' as the only described species. and gives its name to the family of the Heteropterygidae. Their only species may be known as jungle nymph, Malaysian stick insect, Malaysian wood nymph, Malayan jungle nymph, or Malayan wood nymph and because of their size it is commonly kept in zoological institutions and private terrariums of insect lovers. It originates in Malay Archipelago, more precisely on the Malay Peninsula and Borneo and is nocturnal. Description The females are much larger and wider than the males, reaching to in length and 30 to 65 g in weight, making them among the heaviest phasmids and extant insects. In addition to the typically lime green-colored females, there are also yellow and even more rarely red-brown females. Their two pairs of wings are both shortened. At rest, the green forewings, formed as tegmina, cover the somewhat shorter, strikingly pink-colored membra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylliidae
The family Phylliidae (often misspelled Phyllidae) contains the extant true leaf insects or walking leaves, which include some of the most remarkably camouflaged leaf mimics (mimesis) in the entire animal kingdom. They occur from South Asia through Southeast Asia to Australia. Earlier sources treat Phylliidae as a much larger taxon, containing genera in what are presently considered to be several different families. Characteristics Leaf insects are camouflaged, taking on the appearance of leaves. They do this so accurately that predators often are not able to distinguish them from real leaves. In some species, the edge of the leaf insect's body has the appearance of bite marks. To further confuse predators, when the leaf insect walks, it rocks back and forth, mimicking a real leaf being blown by the wind. The scholar Antonio Pigafetta probably was the first Western person to document the creature, though it was known to people in the tropics for a long time. Sailing with Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verophasmatodea
The Euphasmatodea, also known by its junior synonym Verophasmatodea is a suborder of the Phasmatodea, which contains the vast majority of the extant species of stick and leaf insects, excluding the Timematodea. The oldest record of Euphasmatodea is '' Araripephasma'' from the Crato Formation of Brazil, dating to the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Superfamilies and families The suborder was divided into two infraorders: the Areolatae and Anareolatae, based on the presence or absence of an "areola": the of a small ring of colour or gap in wing margin - see the Glossary of entomology terms. This division has now been superseded with the "suborder Agathemerodea ... downgraded and Areolatae/Anareolatae divisions removed, leaving the existing four superfamilies in Euphasmatodea". Aschiphasmatoidea Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 * † ArchipseudophasmatidaeZompro, O. 2001. The Phasmatodea and Raptophasma n. gen., Orthoptera ''incertae sedis'', in Baltic amber (Insecta: Orth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pijnackeria Hispanica
''Pijnackeria hispanica'', commonly known as the Spanish walkingstick or the Spanish stick insect, is a species of Phasmatodea, Phasmid (stick insect) in the Family (biology), family Diapheromeridae. It is found in Spain and France. This species' color can be turquoise, brown, or green. ''P. hispanica'' usually feeds on rose leaves. This phasmid is slender with short Antenna (biology), antennae and yellow or brown eyes with a black horizontal stripe or pseudopupil. References Insect taxa Insects described in 1878 Diapheromeridae {{Phasmatodea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phobaeticus Chani Bragg, 2008; Holotype Female Dorsal View
''Phobaeticus'' is a genus of Asian stick insects comprising over 25 species. The generic name of some species used to be ''Pharnacia'' (e.g. ''Phobaeticus serratipes'' was known as ''Pharnacia serratipes''). Species # '' Phobaeticus annamallayanus'' (Wood-Mason, 1877) #''Phobaeticus chani'' Bragg, 2008 # '' Phobaeticus decoris'' Seow-Choen, 2016 # ''Phobaeticus foliatus'' (Bragg, 1995) #'' Phobaeticus grubaueri'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # ''Phobaeticus hypharpax'' (Westwood, 1859) # ''Phobaeticus incertus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # '' Phobaeticus ingens'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # '' Phobaeticus kirbyi'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # ''Phobaeticus lobulatus'' (Carl, 1913) # '' Phobaeticus lumawigi'' Brock, 1998 # ''Phobaeticus magnus'' Hennemann & Conle, 2008 # ''Phobaeticus mjobergi'' (Günther, 1935) #''Phobaeticus monicachiae'' Seow-Choen, 2016 # ''Phobaeticus palawanensis'' Hennemann & Conle, 2008 # ''Phobaeticus philippinicus'' (Hennemann & Conle, 1997) # ''Phobaeticus pinn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phryganistria
''Phryganistria'' is a genus of stick insects belonging to the subfamily Clitumninae. It was described by the Swedish entomologist Carl Stål in 1875. Members of the genus are found only in Southeast Asia. Of the new species described in 2014, ''Phryganistria heusii yentuensis'', which is 32 cm long, is one of the longest insects known to date. Another, ''Phryganistria tamdaoensis'' was selected in 2015 by the International Institute for Species Exploration as one of the "Top 10 New Species" for new species discovered in 2014. In May 2016, the Chinese state media Xinhua announced that a new species informally named 'Phryganistria chinensis' was discovered in Liuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region of China. The discoverer Zhao Li, at the Insect Museum of West China, had found the specimen in 2014. The original specimen was a female and measured long. It has not been formally described. In August 2017, one of the offspring attained 64 cm (25.2 inch) in length, becoming the larges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phobaeticus
''Phobaeticus'' is a genus of Asian stick insects comprising over 25 species. The generic name of some species used to be ''Pharnacia'' (e.g. ''Phobaeticus serratipes'' was known as ''Pharnacia serratipes''). Species # '' Phobaeticus annamallayanus'' (Wood-Mason, 1877) #''Phobaeticus chani'' Bragg, 2008 # '' Phobaeticus decoris'' Seow-Choen, 2016 # ''Phobaeticus foliatus'' (Bragg, 1995) #'' Phobaeticus grubaueri'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # ''Phobaeticus hypharpax'' (Westwood, 1859) # ''Phobaeticus incertus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # '' Phobaeticus ingens'' (Redtenbacher, 1908) # '' Phobaeticus kirbyi'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 # ''Phobaeticus lobulatus'' (Carl, 1913) # '' Phobaeticus lumawigi'' Brock, 1998 # ''Phobaeticus magnus'' Hennemann & Conle, 2008 # ''Phobaeticus mjobergi'' (Günther, 1935) #''Phobaeticus monicachiae'' Seow-Choen, 2016 # ''Phobaeticus palawanensis'' Hennemann & Conle, 2008 # ''Phobaeticus philippinicus'' (Hennemann & Conle, 1997) # ''Phobaeticus pinn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipredator Adaptation
Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators. Throughout the animal kingdom, adaptations have evolved for every stage of this struggle, namely by avoiding detection, warding off attack, fighting back, or escaping when caught. The first line of defence consists in avoiding detection, through mechanisms such as camouflage, masquerade, apostatic selection, living underground, or nocturnality. Alternatively, prey animals may ward off attack, whether by advertising the presence of strong defences in aposematism, by mimicking animals which do possess such defences, by startling the attacker, by signalling to the predator that pursuit is not worthwhile, by distraction, by using defensive structures such as spines, and by living in a group. Members of groups are at reduced risk of predation, despite the increased conspicuousness of a group, through improved vigilance, predator confusion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ctenomorpha
''Ctenomorpha'' is a genus of phasmids belonging to the family Phasmatidae. The species of this genus are found in Australia. Species: *'' Ctenomorpha gargantua'' *''Ctenomorpha marginipennis ''Ctenomorpha marginipennis'', the margin-winged stick insect, is a species of Phasmatodea, stick insect endemic to southern Australia. The species was Species description, first described by George Robert Gray in 1833. Description ''C. marg ...'' References * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q10462890 Phasmatidae Phasmatodea genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of . Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemimetabolism
Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called incomplete metamorphosis and paurometabolism,McGavin, George C. ''Essential Entomology: An Order-by-Order Introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. pp. 20. is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago. These groups go through gradual changes; there is no pupal stage. The nymph often has a thin exoskeleton and resembles the adult stage but lacks wings and functional reproductive organs. The hemimetabolous insects differ from ametabolous taxa in that the one and only adult instar undergoes no further moulting. Orders All insects of the Pterygota except Holometabola belong to hemimetabolous orders: *Hemiptera (scale insects, aphids, whitefly, cicadas, leafhoppers, and true bugs) * Orthoptera ( grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets) *Mantodea (praying mantises) *Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) *Dermaptera (earwigs) *Odonata (dragonflies and da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). In terms of climate, the tropics receive sunlight that is more direct than the rest of Earth and are generally hotter and wetter as they aren't affected as much by the solar seasons. The word "tropical" sometimes refers to this sort of climate in the zone rather than to the geographical zone itself. The tropical zone includes deserts and snow-capped mountains, which are not tropical in the climatic sense. The tropics are distinguished from the other climatic and biomatic regions of Earth, which are the middle latitudes and the polar regions on either side of the equatorial zone. The tropics constitute 40% of Earth's surface area and contain 36% of Earth's landmass. , the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
