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Phasmarhabditis Hermaphrodita
''Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita'' is a Facultative parasite, facultative parasitic nematode that can kill slugs and snails.Genena, M. A., Mostafa, F. A., Fouly, A. H., & Yousef, A. A. (2011). First record for the slug parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider) in Egypt. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 44(4), 340-345. It belongs to the family Rhabditidae, the same family as ''Caenorhabditis elegans''. ''P. hermaphrodita'' is a bacterial-feeding nematode and is a lethal parasite of several terrestrial gastropod families such as ''Arionidae'', ''Milacidae'' and ''Limacidae''. It is also able to reproduce on rotting matter or penetrate and remain in resistant slug and snail species where it awaits for their death and will then reproduce on the cadaver (necromeny). ''P. hermaphrodita'' was first isolated and documented by A. Schneider in 1859 and was intensively studied in the 1990s by researchers at Long Ashton Research centre who were focused on f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Segmentation (biology)
Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a series of repetitive segments. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda, Chordata, and Annelida. These three groups form segments by using a "growth zone" to direct and define the segments. While all three have a generally segmented body plan and use a growth zone, they use different mechanisms for generating this patterning. Even within these groups, different organisms have different mechanisms for segmenting the body. Segmentation of the body plan is important for allowing free movement and development of certain body parts. It also allows for regeneration in specific individuals. Definition Segmentation is a difficult process to satisfactorily define. Many taxa (for example the molluscs) have some form of serial repetition in their units but are not conventionally thought of as segmented. Segmented animals are tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alloionematidae
Alloionematidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Rhabditida Rhabditida is an order of free-living, zooparasitic, and phytoparasitic microbivorous nematodes living in soil. The Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae, Steinernematidae, and Strongyloididae seem to be closer to the Tylenchia, regardless of wheth .... Genera: * '' Alloionema'' Schneider, 1859 * '' Cheilobus'' Cobb, 1924 * '' Leptodera'' Dujardin, 1845 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q20735946 Nematodes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agfa (nematode)
''Agfa'' is the only genus in the parasitic nematode family Agfidae. There are only three known species: ''Agfa flexilis, A. morandi'' and ''A. tauricus.'' They are all obligate parasites in terrestrial gastropods. Species * '' Agfa flexilis'' (Dujardin, 1845) * '' Agfa morandi'' Ribas & Casanova, 2002 * '' Agfa tauricus'' Korol & Spiridonov, 1991Korol E. N. & Spiridonov S. E. (1991). "''Angiostoma kimmeriensis'' sp. n. and '' Agfa tauricus'' sp. n.—parasitic Rhabditida (Nematoda) from Crimean terrestrial mollusks". ''Helminthologica'' 28: 179–182. References Rhabditida genera Agfidae {{Rhabditida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaginulidae
The Veronicellidae, also known by their common name the leatherleaf slugs, are a family of pulmonate terrestrial slugs. The herbivorous molluscs occur mainly in the tropical and subtropical areas of America, Asia and Africa. They act as intermediate hosts of the rat lung worm '' Angiostrongylus costaricensis'', and act as a vector for other human diseases. They also cause significant damage to crops. Description The dorsal surface of these slugs is entirely covered by the mantle or hyponota. These mollusks have a posterior located anus, eyes on contractile (not retractile) tentacles, and no lung or pulmonary organ. In these aspects they are anatomically distinct from most other types of terrestrial slugs, which typically belong to the order Stylommatophora, and which have a forward located anus, and retractile tentacles. The closely related members of the family Onchidiidae differ from the Veronicellidae by having a pulmonary sac, or lung. Distribution Members of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agriolimacidae
''Agriolimacidae'' is a family of small and medium-sized land slugs, or shell-less snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc, mollusks. Distribution Distribution of Limacidae is Holarctic, this include: Nearctic, western Palearctic and eastern Palearctic. Agriolimacidae is the largest slug family, some are introduced all over the world, synanthropes are often severe pest (organism), pests. Anatomy Most slugs in the family Agriolimacidae are rather small; only a few (in the genera'' Mesolimax'' and ''Krynickillus'') are larger. Most are not more than 50 mm long. The Mantle (mollusc), mantle is usually large, occupying approximately 1/3 of the entire body length, situated in the anterior part of the body. The pneumostome is clearly postmedial. The surface of the mantle in living slugs is covered in concentric, mobile wrinkles. In addition sometimes there is a shallow, poorly defined groove which runs above the pneumostome on the right side, not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deroceras Reticulatum
''Deroceras reticulatum'', common names the "grey field slug" and "grey garden slug", is a species of small air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Agriolimacidae. This species is an important agricultural pest. Distribution ''Deroceras reticulatum'' is native to Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Islands.Horsák M., Juřičková L. & Picka J. (2013). ''Měkkýši České a Slovenské republiky. Molluscs of the Czech and Slovak Republics''. Kabourek, Zlín, 264 pp. (in Czech and English). It occurs widely in Europe, but is more rare and restricted to cultivated fields in the southeast, particularly in the Balkans, and is probably absent from Greece and the Bulgarian mountains. In the north and central European lowlands, Great Britain, and Ireland, it is probably the most widely occurring slug. In northern Scandinavia it is scarce, and is mainly found as a synanthrope. This species occurs in countries and islands including: * Gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (, 2014). World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. In 2020, world production of wheat was , making it the second most-produced cereal after maize. Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st century. Global demand for wheat is increasing due to the unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins, which facilitate the production of processed foods, whose consumption is inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rapeseed
Rapeseed (''Brassica napus ''subsp.'' napus''), also known as rape, or oilseed rape, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed, which naturally contains appreciable amounts of erucic acid. The term ''canola'' denotes a group of rapeseed cultivars which were bred to have very low levels of erucic acid and are especially prized for use as human and animal food. Rapeseed is the third-largest source of vegetable oil and the second-largest source of protein meal in the world. Description ''Brassica napus'' grows to in height with hairless, fleshy, pinnatifid and glaucous lower leaves which are stalked whereas the upper leaves have no petioles. ''Brassica napus'' can be distinguished from ''Brassica nigra'' by the upper leaves which do not clasp the stem, and from ''Brassica rapa'' by its smaller petals which are less than across. Rapeseed flowers are bright yellow and about across. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropods
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and reproduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phasmarhabditis Tawfiki
''Phasmarhabditis'' (Greek: Phasma = (φάσμα (phantom); rhabditis = (ῥάβδος (rod-like)) is a genus of bacterial-feeding nematodes which are facultative parasites whose primary hosts are terrestrial gastropods (slugs and snails).Genena, M. A., Mostafa, F. A., Fouly, A. H., & Yousef, A. A. (2011). First record for the slug parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider) in Egypt. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 44(4), 340-345. The name comes from Greek: Phasma- (φάσμα (phantom); rhabditis = rod-like (ῥάβδος (rhabdos). The genus is made up of 10 species including Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita ''Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita'' is a Facultative parasite, facultative parasitic nematode that can kill slugs and snails.Genena, M. A., Mostafa, F. A., Fouly, A. H., & Yousef, A. A. (2011). First record for the slug parasitic nematode, Phasmarh ..., Phasmarhabditis neopapillosa, Phasmarhabditis californica, ''P. neopapillosa'',Hoop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phasmarhabditis Neopapillosa
''Phasmarhabditis neopapillosa'' is a nematode in the family Rhabditidae The Rhabditidae are a family of nematodes which includes the model organism ''Caenorhabditis elegans''. Genera ''Bursilla'' *''Bursilla monhysteria'' (Butschli, 1873) ''Caenorhabditis'' *''Caenorhabditis brenneri'' Sudhaus & Kiontke, 2007 *' .... It is a lethal facultative parasite of the terrestrial gastropods (slugs and snails).Hooper, D.J., Wilson, M.J., Rowe, J.A., & Glen, D.M. (1999). Some observations on the morphology and protein profiles of the slug-parasitic nematodes ''Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita'' and ''P. neopapillosa'' (Nematoda: Rhabditidae). Nematology, 1(2), 173-182. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q28432781 Rhabditidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
