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Pessonella
The Vannellidae are a family of Amoebozoa, which are found in soil, fresh- and salt water. The most common genus is ''Vannella''. Description ''Vannellidae'' tend to be flattened and fan-shaped during motion, although some are long and narrow, and have a prominent clear margin at the anterior. In most amoebae, the endoplasm glides forward through the center of the cell, but vannellids undergo a sort of rolling motion with the outer membrane sliding around like a tank tread. These amoebae are usually 10-40 μm in size, but some are smaller or larger. ''Vannellidae'' are surrounded by an outer covering called the glycocalyx, which is generally 10-20 nm across, though the thickness varies among species. In some species, a layer of hair-like filaments called glycostyles protrudes from the glycocalyx. Taxonomy Molecular phylogenies include them in the class Flabellinia as a sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pessonella
The Vannellidae are a family of Amoebozoa, which are found in soil, fresh- and salt water. The most common genus is ''Vannella''. Description ''Vannellidae'' tend to be flattened and fan-shaped during motion, although some are long and narrow, and have a prominent clear margin at the anterior. In most amoebae, the endoplasm glides forward through the center of the cell, but vannellids undergo a sort of rolling motion with the outer membrane sliding around like a tank tread. These amoebae are usually 10-40 μm in size, but some are smaller or larger. ''Vannellidae'' are surrounded by an outer covering called the glycocalyx, which is generally 10-20 nm across, though the thickness varies among species. In some species, a layer of hair-like filaments called glycostyles protrudes from the glycocalyx. Taxonomy Molecular phylogenies include them in the class Flabellinia as a sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clydonella
''Clydonella'' is a genus of Amoebozoa Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported classi .... References Amoebozoa genera Discosea {{Amoebozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anterior
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position provides a definition of what is at the front ("anterior"), behind ("posterior") and so on. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Additionally, for some animals such as invertebrates, some terms may not have any meaning at all; for example, an animal that is radially symmetrical will have no anterior surface, but can still have a description that a part is close to the middle ("proximal") or further from the middle ("distal"). International organisations have determined vocabularies that are often used as standard vocabularies for subdisciplines of anatomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flabellinia
The Flabellinia are a subclass of Amoebozoa. During locomotion the cells are flattened and have a clear layer called ''hyaloplasm'' along the front margin. Some form slender subpseudopodia projecting outward from the hyaloplasm, but the cell mass does not flow into these as in true pseudopodia, and advances without a definite central axis as in the Tubulinea. They also lack distinctive features like shells and flagella A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have f ..., and are united mainly by evidence from molecular trees. The group was originally created by Alexey Smirnov and his coauthors as the class Flabellinea, which was similar in composition to the group Discosea, proposed by Cavalier-Smith ''et al.'' (2004). In 2011, Smirnov accepted Discosea as a class and reduced Fla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycocalyx
The glycocalyx, also known as the pericellular matrix, is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of bacteria, epithelial cells, and other cells. In 1970, Martinez-Palomo discovered the cell coating in animal cells, which is known as the glycocalyx. Animal epithelial cells have a fuzz-like coating on the external surface of their plasma membranes. This viscous coating consists of several carbohydrate moieties of membrane glycolipids and glycoproteins, which serve as backbone molecules for support. Generally, the carbohydrate portion of the glycolipids found on the surface of plasma membranes helps these molecules contribute to cell–cell recognition, communication, and intercellular adhesion. The glycocalyx is a type of identifier that the body uses to distinguish between its own healthy cells and transplanted tissues, diseased cells, or invading organisms. Included in the glycocalyx are cell-adhesion molecules that enable cells to adhere to eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tank Tread
Continuous track is a system of vehicle propulsion used in tracked vehicles, running on a continuous band of treads or track plates driven by two or more wheels. The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tires on an equivalent vehicle, enabling continuous tracked vehicles to traverse soft ground with less likelihood of becoming stuck due to sinking. Modern continuous tracks can be made with soft belts of synthetic rubber, reinforced with steel wires, in the case of lighter agricultural machinery. The more common classical type is a solid chain track made of steel plates (with or without rubber pads), also called caterpillar tread or tank tread, which is preferred for robust and heavy construction vehicles and military vehicles. The prominent treads of the metal plates are both hard-wearing and damage resistant, especially in comparison to rubber tyres. The aggressive treads of the tracks provide good trac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endoplasm
Endoplasm generally refers to the inner (often granulated), dense part of a cell's cytoplasm. This is opposed to the ectoplasm which is the outer (non-granulated) layer of the cytoplasm, which is typically watery and immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane. The nucleus is separated from the endoplasm by the nuclear envelope. The different makeups/viscosities of the endoplasm and ectoplasm contribute to the amoeba's locomotion through the formation of a pseudopod. However, other types of cells have cytoplasm divided into endo- and ectoplasm. The endoplasm, along with its granules, contains water, nucleic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, inorganic ions, lipids, enzymes, and other molecular compounds. It is the site of most cellular processes as it houses the organelles that make up the endomembrane system, as well as those that stand alone. The endoplasm is necessary for most metabolic activities, including cell division. The endoplasm, like the cytoplasm, is far from static ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vannella
''Vannella'' is a genus of Amoebozoa. It includes the following species: * ''V. aberdonica'' Page 1980 * ''V. anglica'' Page 1980 * ''V. arabica'' Page 1980 * ''V. australis'' (Page 1983) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ?''V. bengalensis'' Das, Mandal & Sarkar 1993 * ''V. bursella'' (Page 1974) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. caledonica'' Page 1979 * ''V. calycinucleolus'' (Page 1974) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. cirifera'' (Frenzel 1892) Page 1988 * ''V. croatica'' Smirnov et al. 2016 * ''V. contorta'' (Moran et al. 2007) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. crassa'' Schaeffer 1926 * ''V. croatica'' Smirnov et al. 2016 * ?''V. curtis'' Singh & Hanumaiah 1979 * ''V. danica'' Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. devonica'' Page 1979 * ''V. douvresi'' (Sawyer 1975) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. ebro'' Smirnov 2001 * ''V. epipetala'' (Amaral-Zettler et al. 2006) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. flabellata'' (Page 1974) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. langae'' (Sawyer 1975) Smirnov et al. 2007 * ''V. lata'' Page 1988 * ''V. mainensis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoebozoa
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported classification schemes, Amoebozoa is ranked as a phylum within either the kingdom Protista or the kingdom Protozoa. In the classification favored by the International Society of Protistologists, it is retained as an unranked " supergroup" within Eukaryota. Molecular genetic analysis supports Amoebozoa as a monophyletic clade. Modern studies of eukaryotic phylogenetic trees identify it as the sister group to Opisthokonta, another major clade which contains both fungi and animals as well as several other clades comprising some 300 species of unicellular eukaryotes. Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta are sometimes grouped together in a high-level taxon, variously named Unikonta, Amorphea or Opimoda. Amoebozoa includes many of the best-known amoeboid orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discamoeba
''Discamoeba'' is a genus of Amoebozoa Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae. In traditional and currently no longer supported classi .... References Amoebozoa genera Discosea {{Amoebozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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