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Pentagramma Rebmanii
''Pentagramma'' is a small genus of North American ferns. Until 1990 members of this genus were included in ''Pityrogramma'', and there has been considerable disagreement regarding the species' taxonomy. In the most recent treatment, six diploid species are recognized. The distribution of ''P. triangularis'' (goldback fern) extends from British Columbia through the western United States into Baja California in northwestern Mexico.C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010.‘’Pentagramma triangularis’’ . Encyclopedia of Life./ref> ''Pentagramma maxonii'' occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, Baja California Sur, California, and Baja California. All other species are restricted to Californian and Baja California. Members of the ''Pentagramma'' genus produce a powdery-waxy secretion on their lower leaf surfaces, called farina. This character is shared with the related ''Notholaena'' genus. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fern
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except the lycopods, and differ from mosses and other bryophytes by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls, that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pityrogramma
''Pityrogramma'', the silverback ferns, or goldback ferns, is a fern genus in the subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. Species , ''Plants of the World Online'' recognized the following species and hybrids: *'' Pityrogramma aurantiaca'' (Hieron.) C.Chr. *'' Pityrogramma austroamericana'' Domin *'' Pityrogramma calomelanos'' (L.) Link *'' Pityrogramma chrysoconia'' Maxon ex Domin *'' Pityrogramma chrysophylla'' Link *'' Pityrogramma dealbata'' (C.Presl) Domin *'' Pityrogramma dukei'' Lellinger *'' Pityrogramma ebenea'' (L.) Proctor *'' Pityrogramma eggersii'' Maxon *'' Pityrogramma elongata'' (C.Chr.) Pic.Serm. *''Pityrogramma ferruginea'' (Kunze) Maxon * ''Pityrogramma'' × ''herzogii'' (Rosenst.) L.D.Gómez *'' Pityrogramma humbertii'' C.Chr. *'' Pityrogramma jamesonii'' (Baker) Domin *''Pityrogramma lehmannii'' (Hieron.) R.M.Tryon * ''Pityrogramma'' × ''mckenneyi'' W.H.Wagner *''Pityrogramma ochracea'' Domin *''Pityrogramma opalescens'' Sundue *''Pityrogramma pearc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Columbia
British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, forests, lakes, mountains, inland deserts and grassy plains, and borders the province of Alberta to the east and the Yukon and Northwest Territories to the north. With an estimated population of 5.3million as of 2022, it is Canada's third-most populous province. The capital of British Columbia is Victoria and its largest city is Vancouver. Vancouver is the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada; the 2021 census recorded 2.6million people in Metro Vancouver. The first known human inhabitants of the area settled in British Columbia at least 10,000 years ago. Such groups include the Coast Salish, Tsilhqotʼin, and Haida peoples, among many others. One of the earliest British settlements in the area was Fort Victoria, established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicuticular Wax
Epicuticular wax is a coating of wax covering the outer surface of the plant cuticle in land plants. It may form a whitish film or bloom on leaves, fruits and other plant organs. Chemically, it consists of hydrophobic organic compounds, mainly straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons with or without a variety of substituted functional groups. The main functions of the epicuticular wax are to decrease surface wetting and moisture loss. Other functions include reflection of ultraviolet light, assisting in the formation of an ultra-hydrophobic and self-cleaning surface and acting as an anti-climb surface. Chemical composition Common constituents of epicuticular wax are predominantly straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons that may be saturated or unsaturated and contain a variety of functional groups. These waxes can be composed of a variety of compounds which differ between plant species. Paraffins occur in leaves of peas and cabbages. Leaves of carnauba palm and banana feature alkyl es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notholaena
''Notholaena'' (from Ancient Greek νόθο(ς) + χλαῖνα), cloak fern, is a genus of ferns in the Cheilanthoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. Ferns of this genus are mostly epipetric (growing on rock) or occurring in coarse, gravelly soils, and are most abundant and diverse in the mountain ranges of warm arid or semiarid regions. They typically have a creeping or erect rhizome and leaves that are pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatifid with marginal sori protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf. Members of ''Notholaena'' also have a coating of whitish or yellowish farina (a powdery secretion that prevents desiccation) on the surfaces of the leaves. The farina is often limited to the abaxial (lower) leaf surface, but may occur on the adaxial (upper) leaf surface as well. Members of the related Pentagramma genus have a similar lower leaf-surface farina. The similar genus ''Argyrochosma'' also has farinose leaves, but in that genus the ultimat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagramma Glanduloviscida
''Pentagramma'' is a small genus of North American ferns. Until 1990 members of this genus were included in ''Pityrogramma'', and there has been considerable disagreement regarding the species' taxonomy. In the most recent treatment, six diploid species are recognized. The distribution of ''P. triangularis'' (goldback fern) extends from British Columbia through the western United States into Baja California in northwestern Mexico.C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010.‘’Pentagramma triangularis’’ . Encyclopedia of Life./ref> ''Pentagramma maxonii'' occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, Baja California Sur, California, and Baja California. All other species are restricted to Californian and Baja California. Members of the ''Pentagramma'' genus produce a powdery-waxy secretion on their lower leaf surfaces, called farina. This character is shared with the related ''Notholaena'' genus. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagramma Maxonii
''Pentagramma'' is a small genus of North American ferns. Until 1990 members of this genus were included in ''Pityrogramma'', and there has been considerable disagreement regarding the species' taxonomy. In the most recent treatment, six diploid species are recognized. The distribution of ''P. triangularis'' (goldback fern) extends from British Columbia through the western United States into Baja California in northwestern Mexico.C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010.‘’Pentagramma triangularis’’ . Encyclopedia of Life./ref> ''Pentagramma maxonii'' occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, Baja California Sur, California, and Baja California. All other species are restricted to Californian and Baja California. Members of the ''Pentagramma'' genus produce a powdery-waxy secretion on their lower leaf surfaces, called farina. This character is shared with the related ''Notholaena'' genus. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagramma Pallida
''Pentagramma'' is a small genus of North American ferns. Until 1990 members of this genus were included in ''Pityrogramma'', and there has been considerable disagreement regarding the species' taxonomy. In the most recent treatment, six diploid species are recognized. The distribution of ''P. triangularis'' (goldback fern) extends from British Columbia through the western United States into Baja California in northwestern Mexico.C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010.‘’Pentagramma triangularis’’ . Encyclopedia of Life./ref> ''Pentagramma maxonii'' occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, Baja California Sur, California, and Baja California. All other species are restricted to Californian and Baja California. Members of the ''Pentagramma'' genus produce a powdery-waxy secretion on their lower leaf surfaces, called farina. This character is shared with the related ''Notholaena'' genus. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagramma Rebmanii
''Pentagramma'' is a small genus of North American ferns. Until 1990 members of this genus were included in ''Pityrogramma'', and there has been considerable disagreement regarding the species' taxonomy. In the most recent treatment, six diploid species are recognized. The distribution of ''P. triangularis'' (goldback fern) extends from British Columbia through the western United States into Baja California in northwestern Mexico.C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010.‘’Pentagramma triangularis’’ . Encyclopedia of Life./ref> ''Pentagramma maxonii'' occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, Baja California Sur, California, and Baja California. All other species are restricted to Californian and Baja California. Members of the ''Pentagramma'' genus produce a powdery-waxy secretion on their lower leaf surfaces, called farina. This character is shared with the related ''Notholaena'' genus. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagramma Triangularis
''Pentagramma triangularis,'' commonly known as the gold fern or the goldback fern, is a species of fern in the family Pteridaceae, native to Western North America, with highest abundance in the state of California. Its common name "goldback" refers to the light yellow color of the fern's protective coating which inhibits moisture loss. The gold texture appears as a dry powder that is excreted on the underside of the fern. The Latin specific epithet ''Pentagramma'' derives from "five lines" or "stripes" while ''triangularis'' derives from "three sided", describing the shape of the fern's broad triangular fronds. Description Like all ferns, ''P. triangularis'' does not produce flowers nor seeds, only spores. It has long smooth petioles (frond stems) that are anywhere from black to brown in color, and its fronds are bright to dark green on top with dark spore sacs (sporangia) on the leaf bottom surrounded by a lighter yellow excreted powdery substance. ''P. triangularis'' can gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentagramma Viscosa
''Pentagramma'' is a small genus of North American ferns. Until 1990 members of this genus were included in ''Pityrogramma'', and there has been considerable disagreement regarding the species' taxonomy. In the most recent treatment, six diploid species are recognized. The distribution of ''P. triangularis'' (goldback fern) extends from British Columbia through the western United States into Baja California in northwestern Mexico.C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010.‘’Pentagramma triangularis’’ . Encyclopedia of Life./ref> ''Pentagramma maxonii'' occurs in New Mexico, Arizona, Sonora, Baja California Sur, California, and Baja California. All other species are restricted to Californian and Baja California. Members of the ''Pentagramma'' genus produce a powdery-waxy secretion on their lower leaf surfaces, called farina. This character is shared with the related ''Notholaena'' genus. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' recognized the following species: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteridaceae
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales, including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies. The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level. Description Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf. Taxonomy Tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
