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Penicillium Aethiopicum
''Penicillium aethiopicum'' is a fungus species of the genus of '' Penicillium''. ''Penicillium aethiopicum'' produces viridicatumtoxin Viridicatumtoxin A (also simply called viridicatumtoxin) is a fungus-derived tetracycline-like antibiotic, whose chemical structure was determined in 1976. It is found in '' Penicillium viridicatum'', '' Penicillium aethiopicum'', among other f ... and griseofulvin, two structurally interesting polyketides. See also * List of Penicillium species References Further reading Polyphasic Taxonomy of subgenus penicilliumJ.C. Frisvad & R. A. Samson aethiopicum Fungi described in 1989 {{Eurotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penicillium
''Penicillium'' () is a genus of ascomycetous fungi that is part of the mycobiome of many species and is of major importance in the natural environment, in food spoilage, and in food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria. Other species are used in cheesemaking. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains over 300 species. Taxonomy The genus was first described in the scientific literature by Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in his 1809 work ''Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales''; he wrote, "''Penicillium. Thallus e floccis caespitosis septatis simplicibus aut ramosis fertilibus erectis apice penicillatis''", where ''penicillatis'' means "having tufts of fine hair". Link included three species—'' P. candidum'', '' P. expansum'', and '' P. glaucum''—all of which produ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viridicatumtoxin
Viridicatumtoxin A (also simply called viridicatumtoxin) is a fungus-derived tetracycline-like antibiotic, whose chemical structure was determined in 1976. It is found in '' Penicillium viridicatum'', '' Penicillium aethiopicum'', among other fungi. Like viridicatumtoxin B, viridicatumtoxin A inhibits growth of ''Staphylococcus aureus'', including methicillin resistant ''S. aureus'' and quinolone Quinolone may refer to: * 2-Quinolone * 4-Quinolone * Quinolone antibiotic A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone. They ...-resistant ''S. aureus'', with an activity 8 to 64 times greater than that of tetracycline. References Tetracycline antibiotics Cyclohexenes Spiro compounds {{antibiotic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Griseofulvin
Griseofulvin is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of types of dermatophytoses (ringworm). This includes fungal infections of the nails and scalp, as well as the skin when antifungal creams have not worked. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea, headache, trouble sleeping, and feeling tired. It is not recommended in people with liver failure or porphyria. Use during or in the months before pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Griseofulvin works by interfering with fungal mitosis. Griseofulvin was discovered in 1939 from the soil fungus ''Penicillium griseofulvum''. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses Griseofulvin is used orally only for dermatophytosis. It is ineffective topically. It is reserved for cases in which topical treatment with creams is ineffective. Terbinafine given for 2 to 4 weeks is at least as effective as griseofulvin given for 6 to 8 weeks for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyketides
Polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (or reduced forms of a ketone) and methylene groups: (-CO-CH2-). First studied in the early 20th century, discovery, biosynthesis, and application of polyketides has evolved. It is a large and diverse group of secondary metabolites caused by its complex biosynthesis which resembles that of fatty acid synthesis. Because of this diversity, polyketides can have various medicinal, agricultural, and industrial applications. Many polyketides are medicinal or exhibit acute toxicity. Biotechnology has enabled discovery of more naturally-occurring polyketides and evolution of new polyketides with novel or improved bioactivity. History Naturally produced polyketides by various plants and organisms have been used by humans since before studies on them began in the 19th and 20th century. In 1893, J. Norman Collie synthesized detectable amounts of orcinol by heating dehy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Penicillium Species
This is a list of ''Penicillium'' species. The genus has over 300 species. Species A * '' Penicillium abidjanum'' * '' Penicillium adametzii'' * '' Penicillium adametzioides'' * '' Penicillium aeris'' * '' Penicillium aethiopicum'' * '' Penicillium albicans'' * '' Penicillium albidum '' * ''Penicillium albocoremium'' * '' Penicillium alexiae'' * '' Penicillium alfredii'' * '' Penicillium alicantinum'' * '' Penicillium allahabadense'' * '' Penicillium allii'' * '' Penicillium allii-sativi'' * '' Penicillium alogum'' * '' Penicillium alutaceum'' * ''Penicillium anatolicum'' * '' Penicillium amagasakiense'' * '' Penicillium amaliae'' * '' Penicillium amphipolaria'' * ''Penicillium anatolicum'' * ''Penicillium angulare'' * ''Penicillium angustiporcatum'' * ''Penicillium antarcticum'' * ''Penicillium annulatum'' * ''Penicillium aotearoae'' * ''Penicillium araracuarense'' * ''Penicillium ardesiacum'' * ''Penicillium arenicola'' * ''Penicillium aragonense'' * ''Penicillium arian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
