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Pen Formation
The Pen Formation is a Campanian-age geologic unit in the western United States. Vertebrate fauna Sharks are well known from the Pen Formation. * '' Lonchidion selachos'' * '' Squalicorax kaupi'' * '' Cretorectolobus olsoni'' * '' Ischyrhiza mira'' * '' Scapanorhynchus texanus'' * '' S. raphiodon'' * '' Cretolamna appendiculata'' Other fishes include ''Xiphactinus'', the ray ''Ptychotrygon'', and gar. The nodosaurid ankylosaurs ''Acantholipan ''Acantholipan'' is a genus of herbivorous nodosaurid dinosaur from Mexico from the early Santonian age of the Late Cretaceous. It includes one species, ''Acantholipan gonzalezi.'' Discovery and naming In the north of Mexico, fragmentary fossil ...'' and CPC 273 have also been found in the Pen Formation.Héctor E. Rivera-Sylva; Eberhard Frey; Wolfgang Stinnesbeck; Gerardo Carbot-Chanona; Iván E. Sanchez-Uribe; José Rubén Guzmán-Gutiérrez (2018). "Paleodiversity of Late Cretaceous Ankylosauria from Mexico and their phylogenetic signi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campanian
The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous Epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campanian spans the time from 83.6 (± 0.2) to 72.1 (± 0.2) million years ago. It is preceded by the Santonian and it is followed by the Maastrichtian. The Campanian was an age when a worldwide sea level rise covered many coastal areas. The morphology of some of these areas has been preserved: it is an unconformity beneath a cover of marine sedimentary rocks. Etymology The Campanian was introduced in scientific literature by Henri Coquand in 1857. It is named after the French village of Champagne in the department of Charente-Maritime. The original type locality was a series of outcrop near the village of Aubeterre-sur-Dronne in the same region. Definition The base of the Campanian Stage is defined as a place in the stratigraphic column wher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lonchidion
''Lonchidion'' is a genus of extinct Hybodontiform shark in the family Lonchidiidae. The genus first appears in the fossil record during the late Triassic and continues to be found until the late cretaceous. Lonchidion was first described by R. Estes in 1964, and the type species is ''L. selachas''. Fossils of ''Lonchidion'' have been discovered across North America, Eurasia, India and northwest Africa in sediments representative of a variety of environments. A new species, ''L. ferganensis'', was described by Jan Fischer, Sebastian Voigt, Jörg W. Schneider, Michael Buchwitz and Silke Voigt in 2011, from fossilized teeth and egg capsules. Species * ''Lonchidion anitae'' Thurmond, 1971 * ''Lonchidion breve'' Patterson, 1966 * ''Lonchidion crenulatum'' Patterson, 1966 * ''Lonchidion humblei'' Murry, 1981 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squalicorax Kaupi
''Squalicorax'', commonly known as the crow shark, is a genus of extinct lamniform shark known to have lived during the Cretaceous period. The genus had a global distribution in the Late Cretaceous epoch. Multiple species within this genus are considered to be wastebasket taxon due to morphological similarities in the teeth. Etymology The name ''Squalicorax'' is derived from the Latin ''squalus'' for shark and the Greek κόραξ, "''korax''" for raven. Description These sharks are of medium size, up to 5 m (usually around 2 m) in length. Their bodies were similar to the modern gray reef sharks, but the shape of the teeth is strikingly similar to that of a tiger shark. The teeth are numerous, relatively small, with a curved crown and serrated, up to 2.5 – 3 cm in height. Large numbers of fossil teeth have been found in Europe, North Africa, and North America. Squalicorax is one of three Cretaceous lamniformes to garner serrations along with ''Pseudocorax'' a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretorectolobus Olsoni
''Cretorectolobus'' is an extinct carpet shark. It was described by G.R. Case in 1978, and the type species is ''C. olsoni'', which existed during the Campanian in Canada and the United States. Another species, ''C. gracilis'', was described by Charlie J. Underwood and Mitchell in 1999, from the Hauterivian to Barremian strata of the Speeton Clay Formation of England. The species epithet refers to the shark's teeth, which Underwood and Mitchell described as gracile and narrow in form.C.J. Underwood & Mitchell, 1999. ''Albian and Cenomanian selachian assemblages from north-east England.'' Special Papers in Palaeontology, 60, January 1999: 9-56. A new species, ''C. robustus'', was described from the Cenomanian of Canada by Underwood and Stephen L. Cumbaa in 2010.Charlie J. Underwood and Stephen L. Cumbaa (2010). "Chondrichthyans from a Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) bonebed, Saskatchewan, Canada". Palaeontology 53 (4): 903–944. . Species * ''C. olsoni'' Case, 1978 * ''C. gracilis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ischyrhiza Mira
''Ischyrhiza'' is an extinct genus of sclerorhynchoid ray from the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. It had a large, toothed rostrum closely resembling that of a modern-day sawfish. Despite formerly being classified within a family of extinct sawfish-like rays known as Sclerorhynchidae, phylogenetic analyses indicate that ''Ischyrhiza, Schizorhiza'', and ''Onchopristis'' form a distinct clade that groups closer with the extant family Rajidae, which contains the true skates, possibly rendering the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei paraphyletic. Fossils of the genus have been found in Canada, the United States, the Aguja Formation of Mexico, the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan, the Tamayama Formation of Japan, the Dukamaje Formation of Niger, the El Molino Formation of Bolivia, the Quiriquina Formation The Quiriquina Formation is a geological formation in Chile whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scapanorhynchus
''Scapanorhynchus'' (from el, σκάφιου , 'shovel' and el, ῥύγχος 'snout') is an extinct genus of shark that lived from the early Cretaceous until possibly the Miocene if ''S. subulatus'' is a mitsukurinid and not a sand shark.Capetta, H., Chondrichthyes II, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii, vol. 3B of Handbook of Paleoichthyology, Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1987.Glickman, L. S., and A. O. Averianov. "Evolution of the Cretaceous Lamnoid sharks of the genus Eostriatolamia." PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL C/C OF PALEONTOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL 32 (1998): 376-384/ref> Their extreme similarities to the living goblin shark, ''Mitsukurina owstoni'', lead some experts to consider reclassifying it as ''Scapanorhynchus owstoni''. However, most shark specialists regard the goblin shark to be distinct enough from its prehistoric relatives to merit placement in its own genus. ''Scapanorhynchus'' had an elongated, albeit flattened snout and sharp awl-shaped teeth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cretolamna
''Cretalamna'' is a genus of extinct otodontid shark that lived from the latest Early Cretaceous to Eocene epoch (about 103 to 46 million years ago). It is considered by many to be the ancestor of the largest sharks to have ever lived, ''Otodus angustidens'', ''Otodus chubutensis'', and ''Otodus megalodon''. Taxonomy Research History ''Cretalamna'' was first described by Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz using five teeth previously identified as the common smooth-hound and collected by English paleontologist Gideon Mantell from the Southerham Grey Pit near Lewes, East Sussex. In his 1835 publication ''Rapport sur les poissons fossiles découverts en Angleterre'', he reidentified them as a new species of porbeagle shark under the taxon ''Lamna appendiculata''. In 1843, Agassiz published ''Recherches sur les poissons fossiles'', which reexamined Mantell's five teeth. Using them, eight additional teeth collected by Mantell, and twenty more teeth collected by various paleontolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiphactinus
''Xiphactinus'' (from Latin and Greek for "sword-ray") is an extinct genus of large (Shimada, Kenshu, and Michael J. Everhart. "Shark-bitten Xiphactinus audax (Teleostei: Ichthyodectiformes) from the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas." The Mosasaur 7 (2004): 35-39.) predatory marine bony fish that lived during the Late Cretaceous (Albian to Maastrichtian). Species in the genus bore a superficial resemblance to a gargantuan, fanged tarpon. The species ''Portheus molossus'' described by Cope is a junior synonym of ''X. audax''. Skeletal remains of ''Xiphactinus'' have come from the Carlile Shale and Greenhorn Limestone of Kansas (where the first ''Xiphactinus'' fossil was discovered during the 1850s in the Niobrara Chalk),''Xiphactinus'' at |
Ptychotrygon
''Ptychotrygon'' is a genus of sawfish-like Late Cretaceous ray whose fossils have been found worldwide. It, '' Ptychotrygonoides'', '' Texatrygon'', and '' Asflapristis'' are members of the family Ptychotrygonidae within the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei. Species The following species are considered valid: * †'' Ptychotrygon blainensis'' * †''Ptychotrygon eutawensis'' * †''Ptychotrygon geyeri'' * †''Ptychotrygon mcnultyi'' * †''Ptychotrygon pustulata'' * †''Ptychotrygon rostrispatula'' * †''Ptychotrygon striata'' * †''Ptychotrygon triangularis'' * †''Ptychotrygon vermiculata ''Ptychotrygon'' is a genus of sawfish-like Late Cretaceous ray whose fossils have been found worldwide. It, '' Ptychotrygonoides'', '' Texatrygon'', and '' Asflapristis'' are members of the family Ptychotrygonidae within the suborder Sclerorhy ...'' References Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera Late Cretaceous cartilaginous fish Late Cretaceous fish of North America Sclero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acantholipan
''Acantholipan'' is a genus of herbivorous nodosaurid dinosaur from Mexico from the early Santonian age of the Late Cretaceous. It includes one species, ''Acantholipan gonzalezi.'' Discovery and naming In the north of Mexico, fragmentary fossils have been found of nodosaurids. A partial skeleton excavated at Los Primos near San Miguel in Coahuila, was described in 2011. When Rivera-Sylva and colleagues reported the discovery of this specimen, CPC 272, they initially considered it too fragmentary to name. Later it was judged that the remains were sufficiently distinct to be given a binomial name. In 2018, the type species ''Acantholipan gonzalezi'' was named by Héctor Eduardo Rivera-Sylva, Eberhard Frey, Wolfgang Stinnesbeck, Gerardo Carbot-Chanona, Iván Erick Sanchez-Uribe and José Rubén Guzmán-Gutiárrez. The generic name combines a Greek ''akanthos'', "spine", with ''lipan'', the usual Spanish designation of the '' Lépai-Ndé'', the "Gray People", a tribe of the Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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