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Pellotine
Pellotine is an alkaloid found in ''Lophophora'' species. Pellotine is slightly narcotic, and has been used by Native Americans as a constituent of peyote for sacramental purposes. Psychological and physiological effects 8-10 mg of isolated pellotine is known to cause convulsions in frogs. When injected subcutaneously to humans, participants have reported drowsiness and a desire not to exert any physical or mental effort with one study reporting it to have hypnotic effects. It is also reported to lower blood pressure and heart rate. Ancient use Native inhabitants of north-eastern Mexico around 810–1070 CE (according to carbon dating) are thought to have used a number of "mescal beans" containing pellotine, among other alkaloids and mescaline. While it is known that these pellotine-containing beans were ornamental, it is unclear whether they were used for their psychoactive effects. See also * Anhalamine * Anhalidine Anhalidine is a naturally occurring tetrahydroisoqu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhalamine
Anhalamine is a naturally occurring alkaloid which can be isolated from ''Lophophora williamsii''. It is structurally related to mescaline. See also * Anhalinine * Anhalonidine * Pellotine Pellotine is an alkaloid found in ''Lophophora'' species. Pellotine is slightly narcotic, and has been used by Native Americans as a constituent of peyote for sacramental purposes. Psychological and physiological effects 8-10 mg of isolated ... References Isoquinoline alkaloids Norsalsolinol ethers {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhalidine
Anhalidine is a naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinoline based alkaloid which can be isolated from ''Lophophora williamsii The peyote (; ''Lophophora williamsii'' ) is a small, spineless cactus which contains psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. ''Peyote'' is a Spanish word derived from the Nahuatl (), meaning "caterpillar cocoon", from a root , "to ...''; it has also been detected other cactii and several species of '' Acacia''. It is part of a family of compounds that are structurally related to mescaline. See also * Pellotine References Lophophora Isoquinoline alkaloids Norsalsolinol ethers {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhalinine
Anhalinine is a naturally occurring alkaloid which can be isolated from ''Lophophora williamsii''. It is structurally related to mescaline. See also * Anhalamine * Anhalidine * Anhalonidine * Gigantine * Pellotine Pellotine is an alkaloid found in ''Lophophora'' species. Pellotine is slightly narcotic, and has been used by Native Americans as a constituent of peyote for sacramental purposes. Psychological and physiological effects 8-10 mg of isolated ... References Lophophora Isoquinoline alkaloids Norsalsolinol ethers Pyrogallol ethers {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhalonidine
Anhalonidine a naturally occurring alkaloid which can be isolated from certain members of the cactus family, such as ''Lophophora''. It is structurally related to mescaline. See also * Anhalamine * Anhalidine * Anhalinine * Gigantine * Pellotine Pellotine is an alkaloid found in ''Lophophora'' species. Pellotine is slightly narcotic, and has been used by Native Americans as a constituent of peyote for sacramental purposes. Psychological and physiological effects 8-10 mg of isolated ... References Lophophora Isoquinoline alkaloids Norsalsolinol ethers {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids xumuk.ru Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including , , Medicinal plant, plants, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lophophora
''Lophophora'' () is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti. Its area range covers southern through northeastern and north-central Mexico to Querétaro in central Mexico. The species are extremely slow growing, sometimes taking up to thirty years to reach flowering age (at the size of about a golf ball, excluding the root) in the wild. Cultivated specimens grow considerably faster, usually taking between three and ten years to reach from seedling to mature flowering adult. The slow rate of reproduction and over-harvesting by collectors render the species under threat in the wild. Taxonomy ''Lophophora'' means "crest-bearing", referring to the tufts of trichomes that adorn each tubercle. ''Lophophora'' has been reported to have two species, '' L. diffusa'' and '' L. williamsii''. Another three species have been proposed: ''L. fricii'', ''L. koehresii'', and ''L. alberto-vojtechii''. Recent DNA sequencing studies (Butterworth et al. 2002) have shown that ''L. diffusa'' and ''L. w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peyote
The peyote (; ''Lophophora williamsii'' ) is a small, spineless cactus which contains psychoactive alkaloids, particularly mescaline. ''Peyote'' is a Spanish word derived from the Nahuatl (), meaning "caterpillar cocoon", from a root , "to glisten". p. 246. See peyotl in Wiktionary. Peyote is native to Mexico and southwestern Texas. It is found primarily in the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Chihuahuan Desert and in the states of Nayarit, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí among scrub. It flowers from March to May, and sometimes as late as September. The flowers are pink, with thigmotactic anthers (like ''Opuntia''). Known for its psychoactive properties when ingested, peyote has at least 5,500 years of entheogenic and traditional medicine, medicinal use by Indigenous people of the Americas, indigenous North Americans. Description The various species of the genus ''Lophophora'' grow low to the ground and they often form groups with numerous, crowded sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigantine
Gigantine is an tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in ''Carnegiea gigantea'' and other related cacti. Gigantine was first discovered along with macromerine in 1967. It is found in significant quantities in many mescaline-containing cactus species, but it is unclear whether gigantine contributes in any way to their psychoactive A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, psychoactive agent or psychotropic drug is a chemical substance, that changes functions of the nervous system, and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior. Th ... effects.Shulgin AT, Perry WE. The Simple Plant Isoquinolines. Transform Press, 2002. References {{Reflist Norsalsolinol ethers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoquinoline Alkaloids
Isoquinoline alkaloids are natural products of the group of alkaloids, which are chemically derived from isoquinoline. They form the largest group among the alkaloids. Isoquinoline alkaloids can be further classified based on their different chemical basic structures. The most common structural types are the benzylisoquinolines and the aporphines.Bettina Ruff: ''Chemische und biochemische Methoden zur stereoselektiven Synthese von komplexen Naturstoffen.'' Verlag Logos, Berlin 2012, , S. 8. () According to current knowledge, a total of about 2500 isoquinoline alkaloids are known nowadays, which are mainly formed by plants.Jennifer M. Finefield, David H. Sherman, Martin Kreitman, Robert M. Williams: ''Enantiomere Naturstoffe: Vorkommen und Biogenese.'' In: ''Angewandte Chemie.'' Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012, doi:10.1002/ange.201107204, S. 4905–4915. Known examples Morphin - Morphine.svg, Morphine Codein - Codeine.svg, Codeine Papaverin - Papaverine.svg, Papaverine Berbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norsalsolinol Ethers
Norsalsolinol is a chemical compound that is produced naturally in the body through metabolism of dopamine. It has been shown to be a selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, and has been suggested as a possible cause of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and the brain damage associated with alcoholism, although evidence for a causal relationship is unclear. (R)-Salsolinol which has been shown to be a product of ethanol metabolism, stereospecifically induces behavioral sensitization and leads to excessive alcohol intake in rats See also * 6-Hydroxydopamine * MPTP * Rotenone Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine plant, and the roots of several member ... References Tetrahydroisoquinolines Catechols {{nervous-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methoxy Compounds
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula . On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the ''para'' position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the ''meta'' position. At the ''ortho'' position, steric effects are likely to cause a significant alteration in the Hammett equation prediction which otherwise follows the same trend as that of the ''para'' position. Occurrence The simplest of methoxy compounds are methanol and dimethyl ether. Other methoxy ethers include anisole and vanillin. Many alkoxides contain methoxy groups, e.g. tetramethyl orthosilicate and titanium methoxide. Such compounds are often classified as methoxides. Esters with a methoxy group can be referred to as methyl esters, and the —COOCH3 substituent is called a methoxycarbonyl. Biosynthesis In nature, methoxy groups are found on nucleosi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
