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Paxillaceae
The Paxillaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi bearing close affinity to the boletes. Collectively, the family contains nine genera and 78 species. The type genus is ''Paxillus'', containing fungi with decurrent gills, and ''Gyrodon'', which has members with decurrent pores, among others. French mycologist René Maire had erected the family in 1902, placing it between the agarics and boletes and recognizing the groups' similarities with the latter group. Maire's usage of the name was later deemed to be invalid, and the genus authority is attributed to Johannes Paulus Lotsy. Molecular research confirms the relations of ''Gyrodon'', with the decurrent-pored mushroom '' G. lividus'', ''Paragyrodon'', with the type species ''P. sphaerosporus'', and ''Paxillus'' as sister groups, together lying near the base of a phylogenetic tree from which the genus ''Boletus'' arises. The name Gyrodontaceae, published by Belgian botanist Paul Heinemann in 1951, is considered synony ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydnomerulius
''Hydnomerulius pinastri'' is a fungal species of the monotypic genus ''Hydnomerulius'' within the '' Paxillaceae'' family. H. pinastri is a saprophyte whose nutritional mode creates a brown rot through H2O2 decay of cellulose and hemi-cellulose. This species has not been thoroughly studied outside of taxonomic attempts to place it within the fungal tree. As such, its ecological role beyond as a wood decaying agent is unclear at this time. H. pinastri may be referred to colloquially as "spiny dry rot" or "spiny dry rot fungus". Taxonomy ''H. Pinastri'' is the sole member of the Hydnomerulius genus. Its family is located within the Boletales order of Agaricomycetes, in the Basidiomycotan taxa. Re-Classification Described as a member of the ''Leucogyrophana'' family in 1976,Ginns, J.; Weresub, L.K. 1976. Sclerotium-producing species of Leucogyrophana (Aphyllophorales). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. 28:86-97 ''Hydnomerulius'' was later coined as a monospecific cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paxillus Involutus
''Paxillus involutus'', commonly known as the brown roll-rim, common roll-rim is a basidiomycete fungus that is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. It has been inadvertently introduced to Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America, probably transported in soil with European trees. Various shades of brown in colour, the fruit body grows up to high and has a funnel-shaped cap up to wide with a distinctive inrolled rim and decurrent gills that may be pore-like close to the stipe. Although it has gills, it is more closely related to the pored boletes than to typical gilled mushrooms. It was first described by Pierre Bulliard in 1785, and was given its current binomial name by Elias Magnus Fries in 1838. Genetic testing suggests that ''Paxillus involutus'' may be a species complex rather than a single species. A common mushroom of deciduous and coniferous woods and grassy areas in late summer and autumn, ''Paxillus involutus'' forms ectomycorrhizal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrogaster
''Austrogaster'' is a genus of fungi in the family Paxillaceae. The genus contains three species found in temperate South America, and New Zealand. The genus was circumscribed by Rolf Singer Rolf Singer (June 23, 1906 – January 18, 1994) was a Germany, German-born mycologist and one of the most important Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century. After receiving his Ph.D. at the University ... in 1962. References Paxillaceae Boletales genera Taxa named by Rolf Singer {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paragyrodon
''Paragyrodon'' is a genus of fungi in the family Paxillaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species ''Paragyrodon sphaerosporus''. ''Paragyrodon'' was circumscribed by Rolf Singer in 1942. Distribution and habitat The species is distributed mostly around the Great Lakes Region, however, the species has also been observed further west in Kansas, Iowa and Colorado. The species has been associated with the white oak and the gambel oak in Colorado. See also * List of North American boletes __NOTOC__ This is a list of bolete species found in North America. Bolding of the species name, and an asterisk (*) following indicate the species is the type species of that genus. ''Aureoboletus'' *'' Aureoboletus auriporus'' *'' Aureoboletus ... References Paxillaceae Monotypic Boletales genera Taxa named by Rolf Singer {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meiorganum
''Meiorganum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Paxillaceae. The genus contains two species, distributed in Malaysia and New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st .... References Paxillaceae Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpova
''Alpova'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus contains about 20 species of ectomycorrhizal false-truffles that collectively have a widespread distribution, especially in northern temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ... areas. The genus was circumscribed by Carroll William Dodge in 1931. Species References External links * Paxillaceae Boletales genera Taxa named by Carroll William Dodge Taxa described in 1931 {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrodon
''Gyrodon'' is a genus of pored mushroom bearing close affinity to the genus ''Paxillus''. Recent molecular research has confirmed this relationship of the two genera as sister taxa, together diverging as one of the most basal lineages in the Boletineae, and sister to the Boletaceae. ''Gyrodon'' was circumscribed by German botanist Wilhelm Opatowski in 1836. Species , Index Fungorum lists 13 species of ''Gyrodon''. See also *''Boletinellus merulioides ''Boletinellus merulioides'', commonly known as the ash-tree bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletinellaceae . Described as new to science in 1832, it is found in Asia and eastern North America, where it grows on the ground ne ...'' References Paxillaceae Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyrodon Lividus
''Gyrodon lividus'', commonly known as the alder bolete, is a pored mushroom bearing close affinity to the genus ''Paxillus''. Although found predominantly in Europe, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with alder, it has also recorded from China, Japan and California. Fruit bodies are distinguished from other boletes by decurrent bright yellow pores that turn blue-grey on bruising. ''G. lividus'' mushrooms are edible. Taxonomy The alder bolete was initially described by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard in 1791 as ''Boletus lividus'', before being given its current binomial name in 1888 by Pier Andrea Saccardo when he transferred it to '' Gyrodon''. When Saccardo circumscribed ''Gyroporus'', he included ''Boletus sistotremoides'' (published by Elias Fries in 1815) as the type species. Rolf Singer later determined that Fries's taxon was the same species as ''Gyroporus lividus''. Before this, in 1886 Lucien Quélet erected the genus ''Uliporus'' with ''Boletus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paxillus
''Paxillus'' is a genus of mushrooms of which most are known to be poisonous or inedible. Species include '' Paxillus involutus'' and '' Paxillus vernalis''. Two former species—''Tapinella panuoides'' and ''Tapinella atrotomentosa''—have now been transferred to the related genus '' Tapinella'' in the family Tapinellaceae Binder M, Larsson KH, Matheny PB, Hibbett DS. 2010. Amylocorticiales ord. nov. and Jaapiales ord. nov.: Early diverging clades of Agaricomycetidae dominated by corticioid forms. Mycologia 102:865. ''Paxillus'' means ''small stake''. Edibility While this genus has in the past been erroneously considered edible, it is now known to be poisonous and has been linked to a number of recorded fatalities. The deadly poisonings appear to have been due to eating the mushrooms raw. Species , Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Maire
René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire (29 May 1878, Lons-le-Saunier – 24 November 1949) was a French botanist and mycologist. His major work was the ''Flore de l'Afrique du Nord'' in 16 volumes published posthumously in 1953. He collected plants from Algeria, Morocco, France, and Mali for the herbarium of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium. Biography His botanical career began very early. At 18, he penned a work on the local flora of the Haute-Saône, currently on display at the Natural History Museum of Gray. He collected plants for study in Algeria and Morocco between 1902 and 1904. After obtaining his PhD in 1905, he was a professor of botany at the Faculty of Sciences in Algiers starting in 1911 where he specialised in phytopathology. He was put in charge of botanical research by the Moroccan government and was responsible for botanical studies in the Central Sahara. He was a member of a number of institutions, including the ''Société mycologique de France'' and the ''Soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenetic Tree
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. All life on Earth is part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. In a ''rooted'' phylogenetic tree, each node with descendants represents the inferred most recent common ancestor of those descendants, and the edge lengths in some trees may be interpreted as time estimates. Each node is called a taxonomic unit. Internal nodes are generally called hypothetical taxonomic units, as they cannot be directly observed. Trees are useful in fields of biology such as bioinformatics, systematics, and phylogenetics. ''Unrooted'' trees illustrate only the relatedness of the leaf nodes and do not require the ancestral root to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletus
''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gills. Since then, other genera have been defined gradually, such as ''Tylopilus'' by Petter Adolf Karsten in 1881, and old names such as ''Leccinum'' have been resurrected or redefined. Some mushrooms listed in older books as members of the genus have now been placed in separate genera. These include such as ''Boletus scaber'', now ''Leccinum scabrum'', ''Tylopilus felleus'', ''Chalciporus piperatus'' and ''Suillus luteus''. Most boletes have been found to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, which mean that they form a mutualistic relationship with the roots system of certain kinds of plants. More recently, ''Boletus'' has been found to be massively polyphyletic, with only a small percentage of the over 300 species that have been assigned to ''Boletus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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