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Pauline Laws
The Pauline Laws are the house laws of the Romanov rulers of the Russian Empire. The name comes from the fact that they were initially established by Emperor Paul I of Russia in 1797. Paul I abolished Peter the Great's law that allowed each reigning emperor or empress to designate his or her successor and substituted a strict order of succession by proclaiming that the eldest son of the monarch would inherit the throne, followed by other dynasts according to primogeniture in the male line. Succession to the Imperial Throne of Russia. ''Fundamental Laws''. Edited under the supervision of Antony, Archbishop of Los Angeles and South California. Order of the Imperial Union of Russia, Bridgeport, Connecticut, 1984. Paul thus implemented a semi-Salic line of succession to the Russian throne, which would pass to a female and through the female (cognatic) line of the dynasty only upon the extinction of all legitimately-born male dynasts. Over time, the house laws were amended, and in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Laws
House law or House laws (''Hausgesetze'') are rules that govern a royal family or dynasty in matters of eligibility for succession to a throne, membership in a dynasty, exercise of a regency, or entitlement to dynastic rank, titles and styles. Prevalent in European monarchies during the nineteenth century, few countries have house laws any longer, so that they are, as a category of law, of more historical than current significance. If applied today, house laws are mostly upheld by members of royal and princely families as a matter of tradition. Some dynasties have codified house laws, which then form a distinct section of the laws of the realm, e.g., Monaco, Japan, Liechtenstein and, formerly, most of Germany's monarchies, as well as Austria and Russia. Other monarchies had few laws regulating royal life. In still others, whatever laws existed were not gathered in any particular section of the nation's laws. In Germany where many dynasties reigned as more or less independent sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Grand Duchesses Of Russia
This is a list of those members of the Russian Imperial House who bore the title ''velikaia kniaginia'' (russian: великая княгиня) or ''velikaia knazhna'' (russian: великая княжна) (usually translated into French and English as grand duchess, but more accurately ''grand princess''). This courtesy title was borne (usually) by daughters and male-line granddaughters of the emperors and empresses of Russia, as well as by wives of grand dukes of Russia, all along with the style of Her Imperial Highness. Grand duchesses of Russia After 1917 no such daughter was born into the deposed imperial house who would have been entitled to the title grand duchess - i.e., had been a male-line granddaughter of a reigning emperor; although such would have been technically possible, as there lived sons of reigning emperors and their daughters would have been so entitled Grand Duchesses of Russia by marriage Although male grand dukes of Russia (sons or male-line grandso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Olga Paley
Princess Olga Valerianovna Paley (2 December 1865 – 2 November 1929) was the morganatic second wife of Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia. Early life and first marriage She was born as Olga Karnovich in Saint Petersburg, the daughter of a minor nobleman, Valerian Karnovich (1833-1891), who worked as a medical doctor at the Imperial Court and his wife, Olga Vasilyevna Meszaros (1830-1919), who was of Hungarian and German ancestry and had been settled in Russia since the 17th century. In 1884, in Riga, Olga Karnovich wed General Erich Gerhard von Pistohlkors (1853–1935), a member of the Pistohlkors noble family, by whom she had four children: * Alexander Erikovich von Pistohlkors (1885–1944), who married firstly Alexandra Taneyeva (1888-1963) and secondly Maria Sokolova (b. 1901). * Olga Erikovna von Pistohlkors (1886–1887). * Olga Erikovna von Pistohlkors (1888–1963), married firstly in 1906 to Count Alexander Belzig von Kreutz (1883-1948 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duke Michael Mihailovich Of Russia
Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia (Russian: Михаил Михайлович; 16 October 1861 – 26 April 1929) was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaievich of Russia and a grandson of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. He was raised in the Caucasus, where he lived between 1862 and 1881 with his family, and was educated by private tutors. As Romanov tradition demanded, he followed a military career. He served in the Russo-Turkish War in 1877, became a Colonel and was adjutant at the Imperial court. In 1891 he contracted a morganatic marriage with Countess Sophie von Merenberg, a morganatic daughter of Prince Nicholas William of Nassau and a granddaughter of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin. For contracting this marriage without permission, Emperor Alexander III of Russia stripped him of his military titles and banished the couple from the Russian Empire. For some years he lived in Wiesbaden, Nassau and in Cannes. He settled permanently in England in 1900, leasing Keele Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophie Of Merenberg
Countess Sophie Nikolaievna of Merenberg, Countess de Torby (1 June 1868 – 14 September 1927), was the elder daughter of Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau and his morganatic wife, Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina (who had been granted the title of Countess of Merenberg). Early life She was born at Geneva, Switzerland, the first child of Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau and Russian noblewoman Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina.C. Arnold McNaughton, ''The Book of Kings: A Royal Genealogy'', in 3 vols. (London, U.K.: Garnstone Press, 1973), vol. 1, p. 153. Hereinafter cited as The Book of Kings. As the marriage of her parents was considered morganatic, she was ineligible to bear her father's title or rank. Her paternal grandparents were William, Duke of Nassau and Princess Pauline of Württemberg. Her maternal grandparents were Alexander Pushkin, the renowned Russian poet, and his wife, Natalia Pushkina. Her brother, Count Georg Nikolaus von Merenberg (Wiesbaden, 13 February 1871 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banish
Exile is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons and peoples suffer exile, but sometimes social entities like institutions (e.g. the papacy or a government) are forced from their homeland. In Roman law, ''exsilium'' denoted both voluntary exile and banishment as a capital punishment alternative to death. Deportation was forced exile, and entailed the lifelong loss of citizenship and property. Relegation was a milder form of deportation, which preserved the subject's citizenship and property. The term diaspora describes group exile, both voluntary and forced. "Government in exile" describes a government of a country that has relocated and argues its legitimacy from outside that country. Voluntary exile is often depicted as a form of protest by the person who claims it, to avoid persecution and prosecut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morganatic Branches Of The Russian Imperial Family
The Russian Imperial Family was split into four main branches named after the sons of Emperor Nicholas I: *The Alexandrovichi (descendants of Emperor Alexander II of Russia) (with further subdivisions named The Vladimirovichi and The Pavlovichi after two of Alexander II’s younger sons) *The Konstantinovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Constantine Nicholaevich of Russia) *The Nikolaevichi (descendants of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia) *The Mikhailovichi (descendants of Grand Duke Michael Nicolaevich of Russia) The headship of the Imperial Family is in dispute between Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia of the Vladimirovich (Alexandrovichi) and Prince Andrew Andreevich of Russia of the Mikhailovichi branch. In the family trees, a ≈ sign represents a union causing an illegitimate child. Alexandrovichi *Emperor Nicholas I (1796-1855) ∞ Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1798-1860) **Emperor Alexander II (1818-1881) ∞ Princess Marie of Hesse (1824-1880) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,''Oxford English Dictionary'', "dynasty, ''n''." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897. usually in the context of a monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in republics. A dynasty may also be referred to as a "house", "family" or "clan", among others. Historians periodize the histories of many states and civilizations, such as Ancient Iran (3200 - 539 BC), Ancient Egypt (3100 – 30 BC) and Ancient and Imperial China (2070 BC – AD 1912), using a framework of successive dynasties. As such, the term "dynasty" may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned. Before the 18th century, most dynasties throughout the world have traditionally been reckoned patrilineally, such as those that follow the Frankish Salic law. In polities where it was permitted, succession through a daughter usually established a new dynasty in her husband's family name. This has changed in all of Europe's remaining mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Philippe Of France
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wars and was promoted to lieutenant general by the age of nineteen, but he broke with the Republic over its decision to execute King Louis XVI. He fled to Switzerland in 1793 after being connected with a plot to restore France's monarchy. His father Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Égalité) fell under suspicion and was executed during the Reign of Terror. Louis Philippe remained in exile for 21 years until the Bourbon Restoration. He was proclaimed king in 1830 after his cousin Charles X was forced to abdicate by the July Revolution (and because of the Spanish renounciation). The reign of Louis Philippe is known as the July Monarchy and was dominated by wealthy industrialists and bankers. He followed conservative policies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morganatic Marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse, or any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms. Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner).Webster's Online Dictionary . Retrieved 2008-07-10. Diesbach, Ghislain de. ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bagrationi Dynasty
The Bagrationi dynasty (; ) is a royal dynasty which reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, the name of the dynasty is sometimes Hellenized and referred to as the Georgian Bagratids, also known in English as the Bagrations. The origins of the dynasty are disputed. The early Georgian Bagratids gained the Principality of Iberia through dynastic marriage after succeeding the Chosroid dynasty at the end of the 8th century. In 888 Adarnase IV of Iberia restored the Georgian monarchy; various native polities then united into the Kingdom of Georgia, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV the Builder (1089–1125) and of his great-granddaughter Tamar the Great (1184–1213) inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age in the history of Georgia. Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. " Burke's Royal Families of the Worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Posthumous Work
The following is a list of works that were published posthumously. An asterisk indicates the author is listed in multiple subsections. (Philip Sidney appears in four.) Literature Novels and short stories * Douglas Adams* — ''The Salmon of Doubt'' (an incomplete novel, but also essays) * James Agee — ''A Death in the Family'' (initial publication assembled by David McDowell; alternate assembly later published by Michael Lofaro) * Shmuel Yosef Agnon — '' Shira'' * Louisa May Alcott — ''A Long Fatal Love Chase'' * Horatio Alger — over thirty-five short novels after his death in 1899 * Isaac Asimov — ''Forward the Foundation'' * Jane Austen — ''Northanger Abbey'', ''Persuasion'', ''Sanditon'', and ''Lady Susan'' * William Baldwin — ''Beware the Cat'' * L. Frank Baum — ''The Magic of Oz'' and ''Glinda of Oz'' * John Bellairs — ''The Ghost in the Mirror'', ''The Vengeance of the Witch-finder'', ''The Drum, the Doll, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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