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Paul Bailliart
Paul Alfred Marie Bailliart (9 November 1877, in Poitiers – 29 October 1969, in Val-de-Grâce, in Paris) was a French ophthalmologist. Biography Bailliart graduated from the lycée of Besançon and then joined the army in the ''École du Service de Santé'' of Lyon to acquire an education in medicine. In 1900 he completed his medical education and successfully defended his thesis ''Traitement chirurgical de la myopie, en particulier par la suppression du cristallin'' (Surgical treatment of myopia, in particular by removing the lens). He went to Paris in 1907 to work with Victor Morax and in 1909 became a member of the ''Société d'Ophtalmologie de Paris'', of which he was the Secretary General from 1922 to 1938. Bailliart was a military doctor during WW I and joined in 1929, as department head, the Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital and remained in that position until his retirement in 1943. He also served a term as the president of the European Society of Ophtha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poitiers
Poitiers (, , , ; Poitevin: ''Poetàe'') is a city on the River Clain in west-central France. It is a commune and the capital of the Vienne department and the historical centre of Poitou. In 2017 it had a population of 88,291. Its agglomeration has 130,853 inhabitants in 2016 and is the center of an urban area of 261,795 inhabitants. With more than 29,000 students, Poitiers has been a major university city since the creation of its university in 1431, having hosted René Descartes, Joachim du Bellay and François Rabelais, among others. A city of art and history, still known as "''Ville aux cent clochers''" the centre of town is picturesque and its streets include predominantly historical architecture and half-timbered houses, especially religious architecture, mostly from the Romanesque period ; including notably the Saint-Jean baptistery (4th century), the hypogeum of the Dunes (7th century), the Notre-Dame-la-Grande church (12th century), the Saint-Porchaire church (12th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Val-de-Grâce
The (' or ') was a military hospital located at in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was closed as a hospital in 2016. History The church of the was built by order of Queen Anne of Austria, wife of Louis XIII. After the birth of her son Louis XIV, Anne (previously childless after 23 years of marriage) showed her gratitude to the Virgin Mary by building a church on the land of a Benedictine convent. Louis XIV himself is said to have laid the cornerstone for the in a ceremony that took place April 1, 1645, when he was seven years old. The church of the Val-de-Grâce, designed by and , is considered by some as Paris's best example of baroque architecture (curving lines, elaborate ornamentation, and harmony of different elements). Construction began in 1645, and was completed in 1667. The Benedictine nuns provided medical care for injured revolutionaries during the French Revolution, and thus the church at was spared much of the desecration and vandalism that plag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secondary Education In France
In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between the ages of 15 and 18. Pupils are prepared for the '' baccalauréat'' (; baccalaureate, colloquially known as ''bac'', previously ''bachot''), which can lead to higher education studies or directly to professional life. There are three main types of ''baccalauréat'': the ''baccalauréat général'', ''baccalauréat technologique'' and ''baccalauréat professionnel''. School year The school year starts in early September and ends in early July. Metropolitan French school holidays are scheduled by the Ministry of Education by dividing the country into three zones (A, B, and C) to prevent overcrowding by family holidaymakers of tourist destinations, such as the Mediterranean coast and ski resorts. Lyon, for example, is in zone A, Marseille i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besançon
Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerland. Capital of the historic and cultural region of Franche-Comté, Besançon is home to the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté regional council headquarters, and is an important administrative centre in the region. It is also the seat of one of the fifteen French ecclesiastical provinces and one of the two divisions of the French Army. In 2019 the city had a population of 117,912, in a metropolitan area of 280,701, the second in the region in terms of population. Established in a meander of the river Doubs, the city was already important during the Gallo-Roman era under the name of ''Vesontio'', capital of the Sequani. Its geography and specific history turned it into a military stronghold, a garrison city, a political centre, and a religious c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Morax
Victor Morax, Paris, 1920 Victor Morax (16 March 1866 – 14 May 1935) was an ophthalmologist born in Morges, Switzerland. He studied in Freiburg (Germany) and Paris, and from 1891 to 1903, he worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. From 1903 to 1928, he was associated with the Hôpital Lariboisière, rejoining the Pasteur Institute as a permanent member in 1929. In 1930, he became a member of the Académie de Médecine. While at the Pasteur Institute, Morax discovered the bacillus '' Moraxella lacunata'', the cause of chronic conjunctivitis. The disease is sometimes referred to as either "Morax' disease" or as "Axenfeld's conjunctivitis", named after German ophthalmologist Theodor Axenfeld (1867-1930), who made his discovery of the bacillus during the same time period as did Morax. In 1923, he became vice-president of the "International League Against Trachoma" with bacteriologist Charles Nicolle (1866-1936) serving as its president. In 1929, he published a treatise on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital
The Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital (''Centre hospitalier national d’ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts'') is France's national ophthalmology hospital located in Paris, in the 12th arrondissement. The hospital gave its name to the ''Quinze-Vingts'' quarter. History The ''Hospice des Quinze-Vingts'', a hospital for the blind, was founded in 1260 by Louis IX, king of France, also known as "Saint Louis". It was constructed on a piece of land called "Champ-Pourri",J-A Delaure et Gabriel Roux, ''Histoire de Paris'', 1853, p. 132 an area lying a short distance west of the Louvre fortress, outside the fortified wall built by Philippe Augustus from 1190 to 1209. It became included within the city after the erection of the new fortified wall of Charles V built between 1356 and 1383. Within the new neighborhood thus formed west of the Louvre, it was located on ''rue Saint-Honoré'' at the corner of the ''rue Saint-Nicaise'', (in the area between the Palais-Royal and Plac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legion Of Honor
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte, it has been retained (with occasional slight alterations) by all later French governments and regimes. The order's motto is ' ("Honour and Fatherland"); its seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur next to the Musée d'Orsay, on the left bank of the Seine in Paris. The order is divided into five degrees of increasing distinction: ' (Knight), ' (Officer), ' (Commander), ' (Grand Officer) and ' (Grand Cross). History Consulate During the French Revolution, all of the French orders of chivalry were abolished and replaced with Weapons of Honour. It was the wish of Napoleon Bonaparte, the First Consul, to create a reward to commend civilians and soldiers. From this wish was instituted a , a body of men that was not an order of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordre Des Palmes Académiques
A suite, in Western classical music and jazz, is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral/concert band pieces. It originated in the late 14th century as a pairing of dance tunes and grew in scope to comprise up to five dances, sometimes with a prelude, by the early 17th century. The separate movements were often thematically and tonally linked. The term can also be used to refer to similar forms in other musical traditions, such as the Turkish fasıl and the Arab nuubaat. In the Baroque era, the suite was an important musical form, also known as ''Suite de danses'', ''Ordre'' (the term favored by François Couperin), ''Partita'', or ''Ouverture'' (after the theatrical "overture" which often included a series of dances) as with the orchestral suites of Christoph Graupner, Telemann and J.S. Bach. During the 18th century, the suite fell out of favour as a cyclical form, giving way to the symphony, sonata and concerto. It was revived in the later 19th century, but in a differe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonin Medal
The Gonin Medal is an international award given to one ophthalmologist every four years by the International Council of Ophthalmology. The award is named in honor of Swiss ophthalmologist Jules Gonin. It has been said to represent "the highest achievement in ophthalmology." Recipients Source: ''Retina Research Foundation'' *2018: Jean-Jacques De Laey *2014: Alice McPherson *2010: Alan C. Bird *2006: Alfred Sommer *2002: Gottfried Naumann *1998: Robert Machemer *1994: Harold L. Ridley *1990: Barrie R. Jones *1986: Akira Nakajima *1982: Alfred Edward Maumenee *1978: Norman Henry Ashton *1974: David G. Cogan *1970: Gerhard Meyer-Schwickerath *1966: Jules François *1962: Hans Goldmann *1958: Alan Woods *1954: Stewart Duke-Elder *1950: Hermenegildo Arruga *1945: Paul Bailliart *1941: Alfred Vogt See also * List of medicine awards This list of medicine awards is an index to articles about notable awards for contributions to medicine, the science and practice of establishi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massy, Essonne
Massy () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 14.7 kilometres (9.1 mi) from the center of Paris. Population Massy underwent rapid development within a short period of time, transforming from a large borough of 6,000 inhabitants in 1950 to a town exceeding 37,000 inhabitants in 1968. Since then, its population of around 40,000 has remained relatively stable. Its population grew again after 2000 because of new constructions. The inhabitants of Massy are known as ''Massicois''. Transport Massy is served by two interchange stations on Paris RER line B and RER line C: Massy – Verrières and Massy – Palaiseau. There is also a TGV station, called Massy TGV, which is adjacent to Massy – Palaiseau station and is one of only three specially-built TGV stations in the suburbs of Paris (the two others are at Disneyland Resort Paris and at Charles de Gaulle Airport). History The etymological origin of Massy is still very dubio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fustel De Coulanges
Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (; 18 March 1830 – 12 September 1889) was a French historian. Joseph M. McCarthy argues that his first great book, '' The Ancient City'' (1864), was based on his in-depth knowledge of the primary Greek and Latin texts. The book argued that: :Religion was the sole factor in the evolution of ancient Greece and Rome, the bonding of family and state was the work of religion, that because of ancestor worship the family, drawn together by the need to engage in the ancestral cults, became the basic unit of ancient societies, expanding to the ''gens'', the Greek phratry, the Roman tribe, to the patrician city state, and that decline in religious belief and authority in the moral crisis provoked by Roman wealth and expansion doomed the republic and resulted in the triumph of Christianity and the death of the ancient city-state. Biography Born in Paris, of Breton descent, after studying at the École Normale Supérieure he was sent to the French School at A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cimade
The Cimade is a French NGO founded at the beginning of the World War II by French Protestant student groups, in particular the Christian activist and member of the French Resistance Madeleine Barot, to give assistance and support to people uprooted by war, in the first instance those who were evacuated from the French provinces of Alsace and Lorraine located on the border with Germany. Under German occupation, the Cimade continued its operations, working with refugees, many of whom were Jewish, who, having fled from Germany and other war affected European countries, were interned in Southern France. Later they were active in underground work that provided protection for Jews in France. Today, they continue their work with uprooted people, especially undocumented immigrants in France.Dictionary of the Ecumenical Movement, p. 188 History Beginnings In 1939, many French citizens from Alsace and Lorraine, mainly Protestants, were evacuated away from the border with Germany to Southwest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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