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Patagorhacos
''Patagorhacos'' is an extinct genus of medium-sized phorusrhacid from the early Miocene of Patagonia. Currently only the single species ''Patagorhacos terrificus'' is known, which is represented by two highly fragmentary specimen, one belonging to the back of the skull and the other being the distal end of a leg bone. It was described together with the contemporary Rheidae, rheid ''Opisthodactylus, Opisthodactylus horacioperezi''. History and naming Fossil remains of this phorusrhacid have been discovered in Paso Córdoba, a Natural Protection area in the Rio Negro Province of Argentina. The rocks of the area belong to the Chichinales Formation, which dates to the early Miocene (Colhuehuapian in accordance with South American land mammal age, South American land mammal age (SALMA) classification. ''Patagorhacos'' is known from only two specimens. The holotype (MPCN-PV-377) is the distal end of a right Quadrate bone, quadrate, while the single referred specimen consists of the dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colhuehuapian
The Colhuehuapian age is a period of geologic time (21.0–17.5 Ma) within the Early Miocene epoch of the Neogene, used more specifically within the SALMA classification in South America. It follows the Deseadan and precedes the Santacrucian age. Etymology The age is named after the Colhué Huapí Member of the Sarmiento Formation in the Golfo San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th .... Formations Fossils References Bibliography ;Colhué Huapí Member * * ;Abanico Formation * * * * * * ;Biblián Formation * ;Castillo Formation * * * * * ;Cerro Bandera Formation * * ;Chichinales Formation * * ;Chilcatay Formation * * * * * * * * * * ;Cura-Mallín Group * * * ;Gaiman Formation * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opisthodactylus
''Opisthodactylus'' is an extinct genus of rhea from the Early to Middle Miocene Santa Cruz and Chichinales Formations and the Late Miocene (Montehermosan) Andalhuala Formation of Argentina. Three species are described: the type species, ''O. patagonicus'', ''O. kirchneri'' and ''O. horacioperezi''. The species ''O. kirchneri'' was described in 2017 by Noriega et al.''Opisthodactylus'' at Fossilworks
Fossilworks is a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database
The Paleobiology Database is an online resource for information on the distribution and classification of fossil animals ...
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Cramauchenia
''Cramauchenia'' is an extinct genus of litoptern South American ungulate. ''Cramauchenia'' was named by Florentino Ameghino. The name has no literal translation. Instead, it is an anagram of the name of a related genus ''Macrauchenia''. This genus was initially discovered in the Sarmiento Formation in the Chubut Province, in Argentina, and later it was found in the Chichinales Formation in the Río Negro Province and the Cerro Bandera Formation in Neuquén, also in Argentina, in sediments assigned to the SALMA Colhuehuapian (in the Early Miocene), as well as the Agua de la Piedra Formation in Mendoza, in sediments dated to the Deseadan (during the Late Oligocene). In 1981 Soria made ''C. insolita'' a junior synonym of ''C. normalis''. A specimen of ''C. normalis'' was described in 2010 from Cabeza Blanca (Chubut, Argentina) in the Sarmiento Formation, in sediments assigned to the Deseadan SALMA (Upper Oligocene). Description This animal had an appearance vaguely similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chichinales Formation
The Chichinales Formation is a geological formation in Río Negro Province, Argentina which dates from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, around 23 to 17.5 million years ago. It predominantly consists of pyroclastic deposits, which were deposited in a semi-arid environment. It is divided up into a number of members. The diverse fauna of the Chichinales Formation, including a variety of turtles and birds, also includes many mammals such as South American native ungulates (notoungulates and litopterns) as well as armadillos, and caviomorph rodents. It is named after the type locality and extends over a large part of the province of Río Negro. It outcrops in the valle de Río Negro, in the towns of General Roca, Río Negro and Villa Regina, bordering the southern bank of the Río Negro. Part of the most important outcrops are located within the Paso Córdova Natural Protected Area. The Chichinales Formation, broadly speaking, is made up of grayish sandstones, whitish tuf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psilopterinae
Phorusrhacids, colloquially known as terror birds, are an extinct clade of large carnivorous flightless birds that were one of the largest species of apex predators in South America during the Cenozoic era; their conventionally accepted temporal range covers from 62 to 0.1 million years ( Ma) ago. They ranged in height from . Their closest modern-day relatives are believed to be the seriemas. ''Titanis walleri'', one of the larger species, is known from Texas and Florida in North America. This makes the phorusrhacids the only known large South American predator to migrate north in the Great American Interchange that followed the formation of the Isthmus of Panama land bridge (the main pulse of the interchange began about 2.6 Ma ago; ''Titanis'' at 5 Ma was an early northward migrant). It was once believed that ''T. walleri'' became extinct in North America around the time of the arrival of humans, but subsequent datings of ''Titanis'' fossils provided no evidence for their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenarthrans
Xenarthra (; from Ancient Greek wikt:ξένος, ξένος, xénos, "foreign, alien" + wikt:ἄρθρον, ἄρθρον, árthron, "joint") is a major clade of Placentalia, placental mammals native to the Americas. There are 31 living species: the anteaters, tree sloths, and armadillos. Extinct xenarthrans include the glyptodonts, Pampatheriidae, pampatheres and ground sloths. Xenarthrans originated in South America during the late Paleocene about 60 million years ago. They evolved and diversified extensively in South America during the continent's long period of isolation in the early to mid Cenozoic Era. They spread to the Antilles by the early Miocene and, starting about 3 Mya, spread to Central America, Central and North America as part of the Great American Interchange. Nearly all of the formerly abundant megafaunal xenarthrans Quaternary extinction event, became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene. Xenarthrans share several characteristics not present in other placental ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australoprocta
''Australoprocta'' is an extinct genus of dasyproctid rodent that lived during the Early Miocene of what is now Argentina. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Chichinales and Sarmiento Formation The Sarmiento Formation (Spanish: ''Formación Sarmiento''), in older literature described as the Casamayor Formation, is a geological formation in Chubut Province, Argentina, in central Patagonia, which spans around 30 million years from the mid- ...s of Argentina. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q114342437 Dasyproctidae Hystricognath rodents Prehistoric rodent genera Miocene rodents Miocene first appearances Miocene genus extinctions Miocene mammals of South America Colhuehuapian Neogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Fossil taxa described in 1998 Chichinales Formation Golfo San Jorge Basin Sarmiento Formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparassodonta
Sparassodonta (from Ancient Greek, Greek ['], to tear, rend; and , gen. [', '], tooth) is an extinct order (biology), order of carnivore, carnivorous metatherian mammals native to South America, related to modern marsupials. They were once considered to be true marsupials, but are now thought to be a separate side branch that split before the last common ancestor of all modern marsupials. A number of these mammalian predators closely resemble placental predators that evolved separately on other continents, and are cited frequently as examples of convergent evolution. They were first described by Florentino Ameghino, from fossils found in the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia. Sparassodonts were present throughout South America's long period of "splendid isolation" during the Cenozoic; during this time, they shared the niches for large warm-blooded predators with the flightless Phorusrhacidae, terror birds. Previously, it was thought that these mammals died out in the face of competit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrapotheres
Astrapotheria is an extinct order of South American and Antarctic hoofed mammals that existed from the late Paleocene to the Middle Miocene, ."The uruguaytheriine Astrapotheriidae from the rich middle Miocene Honda Group of the upper Magdalena River valley in Colombia (...) are the youngest securely dated remains of that order in South America." Astrapotheres were large and rhinoceros-like animals and have been called one of the most bizarre orders of mammals with an enigmatic evolutionary history. This taxonomy of this order is not clear, but it may belong to Meridiungulata (along with Notoungulata, Litopterna, Pyrotheria and Xenungulata). In turn, Meridungulata is believed to belong to the extant superorder Laurasiatheria. Some scientists have regarded the astrapotheres (and sometimes the Meridiungulata as a whole) as members of the clade Atlantogenata. However, collagen and mitochondrial DNA sequence data analysed in 2015 places at least the notoungulates and litoptern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodents
Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are native to all major land masses except for New Zealand, Antarctica, and several oceanic islands, though they have subsequently been introduced to most of these land masses by human activity. Rodents are extremely diverse in their ecology and lifestyles and can be found in almost every terrestrial habitat, including human-made environments. Species can be arboreal, fossorial (burrowing), saltatorial/richochetal (leaping on their hind legs), or semiaquatic. However, all rodents share several morphological features, including having only a single upper and lower pair of ever-growing incisors. Well-known rodents include mice, rats, squirrels, prairie dogs, porcupines, beavers, guinea pigs, and hamsters. Rabbits, hares, and pikas, whose incisors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interatheriidae
Interatheriidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals from South America. Interatheriids are known from the Middle Eocene (Mustersan) to the Early Pliocene (Montehermosan).McKenna & Bell, 1997Linares, 2004 These animals were principally small-sized, occupying a habitat like hares, marmots and viscachas. The majority were very small, like rodents. Interatheriidae is one of the mammal groups that best represent the fauna from the Santa Cruz Formation. Particularly ''Protypotherium'' with three species is characteristic of the formation: ''P. australe'', ''P. praerutilum'' and ''P. attenuatum''. Another well-known genus is ''Interatherium ''Interatherium'' is an extinct genus of interatheriid mammal from the Early to Middle Miocene (Colhuehuapian-Mayoan). Fossils have been found in the Santa Cruz, Collón Curá and Sarmiento Formations in Argentina.Fernández, M. (2015). Rev ...'', particularly well represented by ''I. robustum''. References Bibliography * * M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochilius
''Cochilius'' is an extinct genus of interatheriid notoungulate that lived between the Late Oligocene and the lower Miocene in what is now Argentina. Description The skull and skeleton show features also found in other similar contemporary or slightly later animals, such as ''Interatherium'' and ''Protypotherium''. In the general proportions of the skull ''Cochilius'' was similar to ''Interatherium'', but in some features it was closer to ''Protypotherium'', for example, in the large development of the snout and the median position of the orbits. The epitympanic ''sinus'' was slightly spongy. The forelimbs resembled those of ''Interatherium,'' and were more puny than those of ''Protypotherium.'' The metacarpal bones were longer and thinner than those of Interatherium. The incisors were short and strong, while the molars had low-crowned ( brachydont) teeth. Classification The genus ''Cochilius'' was first described in 1902 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossil remains fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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