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Parnassius Baileyi
''Parnassius baileyi'', or Bailey's Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in southwestern China (Sichuan, northern Yunnan and eastern Tibet). It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (''Parnassius'') of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). The taxonomic status of this butterfly is uncertain. ''P. baileyi'' was originally described as a subspecies of '' P. acco,'' later as a subspecies of ''P. rothschildianus'' Bryk, 1931 and also '' P. przewalskii'' (Alphérakyi 1887), and now also treated as a separate species (Weiss 1992), (Chou, 1994). Molecular studies suggest it is the sister species of ''P. acco''. The butterfly was named for Frederick Marshman Bailey who collected the first specimens. Subspecies *''Parnassius baileyi baileyi'' *''Parnassius baileyi bubo'' Bryk, 1938 *''Parnassius baileyi rothschildianus'' Bryk, 1931 References *Chou, I. (ed) 1994. Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium (Monograph of Chinese Butterflies) n Chinese Henan Scientific and Tec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard South
Richard South FRES (July 1846 – 28 March 1932) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), particularly the smaller moths. Life and work South was born at Cochran Terrace in Marylebone, London, England and educated at a private school, in Reading. He began publishing entomological notes from 1874 to 1878 on the moths of Mill Hill. He is best known for writing three important books on butterflies and moths of the British Isles. After his death, these were updated by H. M. Edelsten. Michael Salmon has described these as "innovative" and "a new kind of ieldguide for the wentiethcentury", noting their early use of colour photographs and eschewing of "Victorian prolixity and classical preciousness". The moth volumes were reprinted as late as 1980. South was editor of '' The Entomologist''. He also published many papers on the Lepidoptera of the Far East, including China and Korea, and an account of the butterflies collected by Captain F. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parnassius Przewalskii
''Parnassius przewalskii'' is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in Tibet and west China. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus (''Parnassius'') of the swallowtail family (Papilionidae). The taxonomic status of this butterfly is uncertain. It was described as a species but some authors regard ''P. przewalskii'' as a subspecies of '' P. acco''. Description Specifically distinct on account of the different structure of the pouch of the female. Smaller than a typical specimen of ''hardwickei'', with only slight differences in the forewing, marginal band narrow, ending in an acute point at hinder angle, the submarginal band appearing as far as hindmargin as a narrow tapering stripe shaded with black, the band broken step-like at 3. Subcostal, in the male strongly incurved in middle, in female on the whole broader and more even. Beyond the cell two costal spots, centred with deep red like the hindmarginal spot, on the disc blackish shading. Hindwing with large red basal spot, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venette
Venette () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. The town is located along the river Oise, near Compiègne. Population Its inhabitants are called Venettiens. There are about 2800 inhabitants (2012). See also * Communes of the Oise department The following is a list of the 679 communes of the Oise department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Communes of Oise {{Oise-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sciences Nat
Sciences Nat was the academic publisher specialising in entomology of the Societé Sciences Nat. The society was established in 1971 and based in the rue de la Mare in Paris. Three years later it moved to the rue des Alouettes and later to Venette near Compiègne. The company was directed first by Roger Ehrman and then by Jacques Rigout. In 1981 the publication of '' The Beetles of the World'' started, a series of 30 volumes devoted to the Coleoptera. The 24 first were published by Sciences Nat, the later ones by Hillside Books, Canterbury. Sciences Nat also published several entomological monographs, mainly in English, such as: * ''The Parnassiinae of the World'', Jean-Claude Weiss. The first 2 parts published by Sciences Nat, the parts 3 and 4 by Hillside Books, Canterbury, the 5th part by Goecke & Evers, Germany. * ''The genus ''Morpho, Patrick Blandin. The first 2 parts published by Sciences Nat, the remaining by Hillside Books, Canterbury. * Heliconius'' and related genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felix Bryk
Felix Bryk (21 January 1882, in Vienna – 13 January 1957, in Stockholm) was a Swedish anthropologist, entomologist and writer. In entomological circles, Bryk is best known as a lepidopterist; in anthropological history, for his studies in East Africa. He wrote on Carl Linnaeus and was a close friend of Curt Eisner Curt Eisner (April 28, 1890 in Zabrze – December 30, 1981 in The Hague) was a German entomologist who specialised in snow butterflies or Parnassinae. His collections of Parnassinae are in Naturalis, in Leiden, and his Ornithoptera and Morp ..., who worked with him on the Parnassinae. Books by Bryk Anthropology * 1934. ''Circumcision in Man and Woman: Its History, Psychology and Ethnology''. New York: American Ethnological Press. * 1939. ''Dark Rapture: The Sex-life of The African Negro''. Walden Publications. * 1964. ''Voodoo-eros: Ethnological Studies In The Sex Life Of The African Aborigines''. New York: United Book Guild. * 1951. ''Linnée als Sexuallist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Marshman Bailey
Frederick Marshman Bailey (3 February 1882, Lahore, British India – 17 April 1967, Stiffkey, Norfolk) was a British political officer and one of the last protagonists of ''The Great Game.'' His expeditions in Tibet and Assam Himalaya gave him many opportunities to pursue his hobbies of photography, butterfly collecting, and trophy hunting in the high Tibetan region. Over 2000 of his bird specimens were presented to the Natural History Museum, although his personal collection is now held in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.Anon. (1967) Obituary: Lt.-Col. F. M. Bailey, C. I. E. 1882-1967. The Geographical Journal 133: 427-428. His papers and extensive photograph collections are held in the British Library, London. Early life Born in Lahore, India on 3 February 1882, Bailey was the son of Lt Col Frederick Bailey of the Royal Engineers of the British Army, Head of the Indian Forestry Service, and his wife, Florence Agnes Marshman. The younger Bailey was usuall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Species
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parnassius Acco
''Parnassius acco'', the varnished Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly found in Asia. It is a member of the snow Apollo genus ''Parnassius'' of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. Description Note. The wing pattern in ''Parnassius'' species is inconsistent and the very many subspecies and forms make identification problematic and uncertain. Structural characters derived from the genitalia, wing venation, sphragis and foretibial epiphysis are more, but not entirely reliable. The description given here is a guide only. For an identification key see Ackery P.R. (1975). Upperside: dull greyish white. Forewing: costal margin and base with an irroration (sprinkling) of black scales, the white scaling clearest and most dense in the cell, this last crossed by a medial and an apical short, broad, transverse jet-black band; beyond apex of cell an irregularly sinuous dusky-black discal band that, usually extends from costa to vein 3, but in some specimens right up to the dorsal margin, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species have subspecies, but for those that do there must be at least two. Subspecies is abbreviated subsp. or ssp. and the singular and plural forms are the same ("the subspecies is" or "the subspecies are"). In zoology, under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the subspecies is the only taxonomic rank below that of species that can receive a name. In botany and mycology, under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, other infraspecific ranks, such as variety, may be named. In bacteriology and virology, under standard bacterial nomenclature and virus nomenclature, there are recommendations but not strict requirements for recognizing other important infraspecific ranks. A taxonomist decides whether ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilionidae
Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the largest butterflies in the world, the birdwing butterflies of the genus ''Ornithoptera''. Swallowtails have a number of distinctive features; for example, the papilionid caterpillar bears a repugnatorial organ called the osmeterium on its prothorax. The osmeterium normally remains hidden, but when threatened, the larva turns it outward through a transverse dorsal groove by inflating it with fluid. The forked appearance in some of the swallowtails' hindwings, which can be seen when the butterfly is resting with its wings spread, gave rise to the common name ''swallowtail''. As for its formal name, Linnaeus chose ''Papilio'' for the type genus, as ''papilio'' is Latin for "butterfly". For the specific epithets of the genus, Linnaeus applied th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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