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Parallel Society
Parallel society refers to the self-organization of an ethnic or religious minority, often but not always immigrant groups, with the intent of a reduced or minimal spatial, social and cultural contact with the majority society into which they immigrate. The term was introduced into the debate about migration and integration in the early 1990s by the German sociologist Wilhelm Heitmeyer. It rose to prominence in the European public discourse following the murder of Dutch director and critic of Islam Theo van Gogh. In 2004, the Association for the German Language ranked the term second in their Word of the year list. (expand "Wörter des Jahres 2004") See also * Parallel state *[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Migration
Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location (geographic region). The movement often occurs over long distances and from one country to another (external migration), but internal migration (within a single country) is the dominant form of human migration globally.World Migration Report' Migration is often associated with better human capital at both individual and household level, and with better access to migration networks, facilitating a possible second move. It has a high potential to improve human development, and some studies confirm that migration is the most direct route out of poverty. Age is also important for both work and non-work migration. People may migrate as individuals, in family units or in Mass migration, large groups. There are four major forms of migration: invasion, conquest, colonization and emigration/immigration. People moving from their home due to force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auto-segregation
Self-segregation or auto-segregation is the Separatism, separation of a Religion, religious, Ethnic group, ethnic, or Race (human categorization), racial group from other groups in a Sovereign state, country by the group itself naturally. This usually results in decreased social interactions between different ethnic, racial or religious groups and can be classed as a form of social exclusion. Recurring patterns in countries affected by self-segregation Residential segregation As self-segregation begins to appear, residents of different ethnic, racial or religious background begin to separate from each other and live in different areas in large concentrations. Rural and urban divide In some countries affected by self-segregation, there exists a divide among racial groups in rural areas and in urban areas of a country. This trend is most commonly seen in countries affected by White demographic decline and is usually an occurrence of white flight from inner city areas and then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Words And Phrases
German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also German nationality law **Germanic peoples (Roman era) * German diaspora * German language * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * ''The German'', a 2008 short film * "The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulnerable Area
Vulnerable area () is a term that has since 2015 been applied by the Swedish Police Authority to areas in Sweden with persistent low socio-economic status, impacted by high rates of criminal activity. Within these areas there are, for example, public acts of violence, open drug dealing, and people showing "open discontent against society". The areas are divided in three categories, roughly by the severity of the situation: "vulnerable areas" (), "risk areas" (), and "particularly vulnerable areas" (). According to SVT, Sweden's national public television broadcaster, the special "risk area" category signifies that there is a risk of the situation worsening, while in "particularly vulnerable areas", parallel societies exist, residents show a reluctance to participate in legal processes, there may be systematic threats and violence against witnesses, and the police have difficulty carrying out their duties. In these latter areas, there may also be extremism, violations of religious f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulnerable Residential Area (Denmark)
"Vulnerable residential area" () is an official term for a social housing district in Denmark which fulfils certain statistical criteria of relatively low employment/school attendance, relatively low income, a relatively low educational level and/or relatively many convicted inhabitants. If more than 50% of the residents in a vulnerable area are non-Western immigrants and their descendants, the area is additionally designated a "parallel society". The Danish government has published an official list of vulnerable residential areas annually since 2010, with changes in the definition and/or terminology in 2013, 2018 and 2021. During the period 2010-2021, the term "ghetto" was used officially to designate some or all of the vulnerable areas, but the term was considered controversial and removed in 2021. History Background Denmark experienced considerable net immigration from the 1960s onwards due to a combination of various reasons, of which labour migration, granting of politic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sensitive Urban Zone
A sensitive urban zone (, ZUS) is an urban area in France defined by the authorities to be a high-priority target for city policy, taking into consideration local circumstances related to the problems of its residents. On the 26th of December 1996, 750 ZUS were founded by the décret n°96-1156. The 751th ZUS «Nouveau Mons» in Mons-en-Baroeul was founded on the 24th of August 2000 by the décret n°2000- 796. On the 31st of July 2001, the décret n°2001-707 has changed the périmeter of Grigny's ZUS. There are 751 ''sensitive urban zones'' in France, including 718 in mainland France. The government has published the list of zones and maps of each one. Social problems within the zones Nearly five million people live in zones of difficulty with many problems: * A high percentage of public housing, with little home ownership. * High unemployment. * A low percentage of high-school graduates. Government policy A law passed November 14, 1996 created sensitive urban zones ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parallel Polis
Parallel Polis is a socio-political concept created by Czechoslovakia, Czech political thinker and dissident Vaclav Benda in connection with the informal civic initiative, Charter 77. Benda and other philosophers sought to build a theoretical framework for social events in dissident circles. Social structure The alternative culture, or underground, was described in Parallel Polis in 1978 for the first time. A political scientist, Benda noticed the emergence of a new social structure in artistic and intellectual circles as a tool to escape the Totalitarianism, totalitarian Communist state, communist regime and detected the following pillars of the new "field": * Constant monitoring and verification of Civil and political rights, civic rights and freedoms, which the state tends to restrict. Parallel Polis consists of people who actively advocate for (and protect) their rights. * "Alternative" (underground) culture is independent, and consists of art which is developed without the pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dhimmi
' ( ', , collectively ''/'' "the people of the covenant") or () is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection. The word literally means "protected person", referring to the state's obligation under ''sharia'' to protect the individual's life, property, as well as freedom of religion, in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the '' jizya'' tax, in contrast to the '' zakat'', or obligatory alms, paid by the Muslim subjects. ''Dhimmi'' were exempt from military service and other duties assigned specifically to Muslims if they paid the poll tax (''jizya'') but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation. Dhimmis were subject to specific restrictions as well, which were codified in agreements like the ''Pact of ʿUmar''. These included prohibitions on building new places of worship, repairing existing ones in areas where Muslims lived, teaching children the Qurʾān, and preventing relatives from conve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghetto
A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished than other areas of the city. Versions of such restricted areas have been found across the world, each with their own names, classifications, and groupings of people. The term was originally used for the Venetian Ghetto in Venice, Italy, as early as 1516, to describe the part of the city where Jewish people were restricted to live and thus segregated from other people. However, other early societies may have formed their own versions of the same structure; words resembling ''ghetto'' in meaning appear in Hebrew, Yiddish, Italian, Germanic, Polish, Corsican, Old French, and -4; we might wonder whether there's a point at which it's appropriate to talk of the beginnings of French, that is, when it wa ..., and Latin. During the Holocaust">Latin"> ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leitkultur
''Leitkultur'' () is a German concept, which can be translated as 'guiding culture' or 'leading culture', less literally as 'common culture', 'core culture' or 'basic culture'. The term was first introduced in 1998 by the German-Syrian sociologist Bassam Tibi and from 2000 onward the term figured prominently in the national political debate in Germany about national identity and immigration. Bassam Tibi's definition Bassam Tibi first suggested a 'Leitkultur' in his 1998 book ''Europa ohne Identität'' ('Europe without identity'). He defined it in terms of what are commonly called western values, and spoke of a ''European'' rather than a German 'Leitkultur'. "The values needed for a core culture are those of modernity: democracy, secularism, the Enlightenment, human rights and civil society." (B. Tibi, Europa ohne Identität, p. 154). These core values are similar to those of the ' liberal-democratic basic order' (''Freiheitlich-demokratische Grundordnung'') which is consider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Integration
Social integration is the process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host society. Social integration, together with economic integration and identity integration, are three main dimensions of a newcomers' experiences in the society that is receiving them. A higher extent of social integration contributes to a closer social distance between groups and more consistent values and practices, bringing together various ethnic groups irrespective of language, caste, creed, etc. It gives newcomers access to all areas of community life and eliminates segregation. In a broader view, social integration is a dynamic and structured process in which all members participate in dialogue to achieve and maintain peaceful social relations. Social integration does not mean forced assimilation. Social integration is focused on the need to move toward a safe, stable and just society by mending conditions of social conflict, social disintegrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is the coexistence of multiple cultures. The word is used in sociology, in political philosophy, and colloquially. In sociology and everyday usage, it is usually a synonym for ''Pluralism (political theory), ethnic'' or cultural pluralism in which various ethnic and cultural groups exist in a single society. It can describe a mixed ethnic community area where multiple cultural traditions exist or a single country. Groups associated with an Indigenous peoples, indigenous, aboriginal or wikt:autochthonous, autochthonous ethnic group and settler-descended ethnic groups are often the focus. In reference to sociology, multiculturalism is the end-state of either a natural or artificial process (for example: legally controlled immigration) and occurs on either a large national scale or on a smaller scale within a nation's communities. On a smaller scale, this can occur artificially when a jurisdiction is established or expanded by amalgamating areas with two or more di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
