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Paradiplozoon Hemiculteri
''Paradiplozoon hemiculteri'' is a species of monogenean of the family Diplozoidae. Khotenovsky IA. 1985. Suborder Discocotylinea Bychowsky, 1957. In: Bauer ON editor. Key to Parasites of Freshwater Fish. Fauna of the USSR. Izdatel’stvo’ Nauka, Leningrad. p. 354–387. As in all species of this family, the bodies of the two hermaphroditic members of a couple are permanently fused for life. This monogenean is a fish_parasite, parasite of the gills of the sharpbelly ''Hemiculter leucisculus'' in China. According to Jirsová et al., ''P. hemiculteri'' is the only diplozoid found on the gills of ''H. leucisculus'' to date. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platyhelminthes
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek language, Greek πλατύ, ''platy'', meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), ''helminth-'', meaning "worm") are a Phylum (biology), phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, Segmentation (biology), unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no coelom, body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory system, circulatory and respiratory system, respiratory organ (anatomy), organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion (intake of nutrients) and egestion (removal of undigested wastes); as a result, the food cannot be processed continuously. In traditional medicinal texts, Platyhelminthes are divided into Turbellaria, which are mostly non-parasitic animals such as planarians, and three entirely p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monogenea
Monogeneans are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.L.A. Tubbsa et al. (2005). "Effects of temperature on fecundity in vitro, egg hatching and reproductive development of ''Benedenia seriolae'' and ''Zeuxapta seriolae'' (Monogenea) parasitic on yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi". ''International Journal for Parasitology''(35), 315–327. Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus ''Gyrodactylus'' is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus ''Dactylogyrus'' is an example of an oviparous variety. Signs and symptoms Freshwater fish that become infected with this parasite become let ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mazocraeidea
Mazocraeidea is an order in the subclass Polyopisthocotylea within class Monogenea. The species of this order have various structures in the clamps of their posterior attachment organ, including additional sclerites in the Gastrocotylidae and related families. However, these additional sclerites, and even the clamps themselves, are lacking in certain members of the family Protomicrocotylidae. Families ;According to PESI * Anthocotylidae Bychowsky, 1957 * Axinidae Monticelli, 1903 * Chauhaneidae Euzet & Trilles, 1960 * Diclidophoridae Fuhrmann, 1928 * Diplozoidae * Discocotylidae Price, 1936 * Gotocotylidae Yamaguti, 1963 * Heteraxinidae Unnithan, 1957 * Hexostomatidae Price, 1936 * Mazocraeidae Price, 1936 * Microcotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 * Octolabeidae * Plectanocotylidae Monticelli, 1903 * Protomicrocotylidae Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 * Pyragraphoridae Yamaguti, 1963 ;According to the World Register of Marine Species: * Allodiscocotylidae * Allopyragraphoridae * Anchor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplozoidae
Diplozoidae is a family of monogeneans in the order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ... Mazocraeidea.WoRMS (2018). Diplozoidae Palombi, 1949. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119241 on 2018-09-08 In all species of this family, the bodies of the two hermaphroditic members of a couple are permanently fused for life. These monogeneans are parasitic on the gills of freshwater fish. Genera *'' Afrodiplozoon'' Khotenovsky, 1981Khotenovsky, I. A. (1981). Systematics and phylogeny of the families Diplozoidae and Discocotylidae (Monogenea). ''Parazitologyia'', 30, 166–175. *'' Diplozoon'' von Nordmann, 1832von Nordmann, A. (1832). ''Mikrographische Beiträge zur Naturgeschichite der wirbellosen Thiere''. Berlin: G. Reimer. Example of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paradiplozoon
''Paradiplozoon'' is a genus of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans (a group of ectoparasitic flatworms), included in the family Diplozoidae. Khotenovsky IA. 1985. Suborder Discocotylinea Bychowsky, 1957. In: Bauer ON editor. Key to Parasites of Freshwater Fish. Fauna of the USSR. Izdatel’stvo’ Nauka, Leningrad. p. 354–387. According to the World Register of Marine Species,WoRMS (2018). Paradiplozoon Akhmerov, 1974. Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119348 on 2018-09-07 the genus includes the following species: * '' Paradiplozoon bliccae'' (Reichenbach-Klinke, 1961) * '' Paradiplozoon chazaricum'' (Mikailov, 1973) * ''Paradiplozoon hemiculteri ''Paradiplozoon hemiculteri'' is a species of monogenean of the family Diplozoidae. Khotenovsky IA. 1985. Suborder Discocotylinea Bychowsky, 1957. In: Bauer ON editor. Key to Parasites of Freshwater Fish. Fauna of the USSR. Izdatel’stvo’ Nau ...'' (Ling, 1973) * '' Paradiplozoon homoion'' ( Bychows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monogenea
Monogeneans are a group of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish. They have a direct lifecycle and do not require an intermediate host. Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures.L.A. Tubbsa et al. (2005). "Effects of temperature on fecundity in vitro, egg hatching and reproductive development of ''Benedenia seriolae'' and ''Zeuxapta seriolae'' (Monogenea) parasitic on yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi". ''International Journal for Parasitology''(35), 315–327. Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. The genus ''Gyrodactylus'' is an example of a viviparous variety, while the genus ''Dactylogyrus'' is an example of an oviparous variety. Signs and symptoms Freshwater fish that become infected with this parasite become let ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Parasite
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi. Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease. Parasites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gills
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist. The microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area to the external environment. Branchia (pl. branchiae) is the zoologists' name for gills (from Ancient Greek ). With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. The blood carries oxygen to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. Semiterrestrial marine animals such as crabs and mudskippers have gill chambe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiculter Leucisculus
The sharpbelly or wild carp, sharpbelly, or common sawbelly (''Hemiculter leucisculus''), is a tropical freshwater and brackish water fish belonging to the Cultrinae subfamily of the family Cyprinidae. It originates in large streams and reservoirs in China, Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, and the Amur River basin. It has become established as an exotic species in several other countries, including Iran, Afghanistan, and the former Soviet Union, where it has displaced local species. It was originally described as ''Culter leucisculus'' by S. Basilewsky in 1855, and has also been referred to as ''Chanodichthys leucisculus'' and ''Hemiculter leucisculus warpachowskii'' in scientific literature. The fish reaches a size up to 23.0 cm (9.1 in) long, and is native to fresh and brackish water habitats with a pH of 7.0, a hardness of 15 DH, and a temperature of 18 to 22 °C (64 to 72 °F). It is green-gray on the back, and white in the belly. The bulk of its d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
