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Papernaia
''Papernaia'' is a subgenus of the genus ''Plasmodium'', all of which are parasitic protozoa. The subgenus was created in 2010 by Landau ''et al''. Species in this subgenus infect birds with malaria. __TOC__ Subgenus characteristics The gametocytes are elongated. The schizonts apically or lateroapically placed and are rounded or irregularly shaped. The host nucleus may be tilted. History This subgenus was created on the basis of morphology. It may be subsequently revised when more information becomes available from DNA studies. It was created to deal with the existing problems with the existing subgenera ''Giovannolaia'' and ''Novyella ''Novyella'' is a subgenus of the genus ''Plasmodium'' - all of which are parasites. The subgenus was created in 1963 by Corradetti ''et al.'' Species in this subgenus infect birds. It unites the avian malaria parasites with small erythrocytic m ...''. Both genera were originally defined on the basis of morphology but subsequent DNA analys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Polare
''Plasmodium polare'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus '' Papernaia''. Like all ''Plasmodium'' species ''P. polare'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds. Description The parasite was first described by Manwell in 1934.Manwell (1934) The Anatomical Record 60(4): 1 - 101 It is relatively small and produces on the average nine merozoites per infection. It has abundant cytoplasm. Geographical occurrence This parasite occurs in the United States. Clinical features and host pathology Hosts of this species include the bald eagle ('' Haliaeetus leucocephalus''), the barn swallow (''Hirundo rustica''), yellow wagtails (''Motacilla flava'')Valkiunas G, Iezhova TA. (2001) A comparison of the blood parasites in three subspecies of the yellow wagtail ''Motacilla flava''. J. Parasitol. 87(4):930-934. and American cliff swallows ('' Petrochelidon pyrrhonota''). Related species It is related to the following sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Ashfordi
''Plasmodium ashfordi'' is a species of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus '' Papernaia''. Like all species in this genus it has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate host are birds. Description This species was first described in 2007 by Valkiunas ''et al.''Valkiunas G, Zehtindjiev P, Hellgren O, Ilieva M, Iezhova TA, Bensch S. (2007) Linkage between mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages and morphospecies of two avian malaria parasites, with a description of ''Plasmodium (Novyella) ashfordi'' sp. nov. Parasitol Res. The parasite infects erythrocytes. Geographical location This species is found in Europe and probably in Africa. Clinical features and pathological effects The organism was isolated from great reed warblers ('' Acrocephalus arundinaceus''). Videvall ''et al.'', 2015 study the course of gene transcription in hosts (in this case '' Spinus spinus''). They find differences between uninfected, infected and rising parasitemia, and infection past the pea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Bertii
''Plasmodium bertii'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Papernaia''.Gabaldon A, Ulloa G (1981) A new species of the subgenus ''Novyella'' (Haemosporina, Plasmodiidae) from ''Aramides cajanea'' (Gruiformes, Rallidae). In: Canning EV (ed) Parasitological topics. A presentation volume to P. C. C. Garnham on the occasion of his 80th birthday, Special Publication no. 1. Allen Press, Lawrence, pp 100–105 Like all ''Plasmodium'' species ''P. bertii'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds. Description The parasite was first described by Gabaldon and Ulloa in 1981. Host record Grey-cowled wood rail (''Aramides cajaneus The grey-cowled wood rail or grey-necked wood rail (''Aramides cajaneus'') is a species of bird in the family Rallidae, the rails. It lives primarily in the forests, mangroves, and swamps of Central and South America. Of the two subspecies, ''A. ...'') References bertii Parasites of bir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haemosporida
The Haemosporida (sometimes called Haemospororida) are an order of intraerythrocytic parasitic alveolates. Taxonomy Over 500 species are in this order, organised into four families: the Garniidae, the Haemoproteidae, the Leucocytozoidae, and the Plasmodiidae. The majority of the species lie within three genera: ''Haemoproteus'', ''Leucocytozoon'', and ''Plasmodium''. The Haemoproteidae and the Plasmodiidae both produce pigment. These families have been placed in the suborder Laveraniina. Neither the Haemoproteidae nor the Leucocytozoidae have an asexual cycle in the peripheral blood. The Garniidae do not produce pigment, but do have an asexual cycle in the blood. The taxa in detail are: *Family Garniidae ** Genus '' Fallisia'' Lainson, Landau & Shaw 1974 *** Subgenus '' Fallisia'' *** Subgenus '' Plasmodioides'' Gabaldon, Ulloa and Zerpa 1985 ** Genus '' Garnia'' Lainson, Landau and Shaw 1971 ** Genus '' Progarnia'' Lainson 1995 *Family Haemoproteidae ** Genus '' Johnsprenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Jeanriouxi
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Plasm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Lenoblei
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Plasm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Nucleophilum
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Plasm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Paranucleophilum
''Plasmodium paranucleophilum'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Novyella''. As in all ''Plasmodium'' species, ''P. paranucleophilum'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds. Taxonomy The parasite was first described by Manwell and Sessler in 1971.Manwell R. D. and Sessler G. J. (1971) ''Plasmodium paranucleophilum'' n. sp. from a South American tanager. J. Protozool. 18(4):629-632. Distribution This species was described in South America. Hosts The only known host is a tanager The tanagers (singular ) comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropica ... ('' Tachyphonus'' species). References paranucleophilum Parasites of birds {{plasmodium-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Pediocetae
''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. Parasites grow within a vertebrate body tissue (often the liver) before entering the bloodstream to infect red blood cells. The ensuing destruction of host red blood cells can result in malaria. During this infection, some parasites are picked up by a blood-feeding insect (mosquitoes in majority cases), continuing the life cycle. ''Plasmodium'' is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a large group of parasitic eukaryotes. Within Apicomplexa, ''Plasmodium'' is in the order Haemosporida and family Plasmodiidae. Over 200 species of ''Plasmodium'' have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. Evolutionary relationships among different ''Plasm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Pinotti
''Plasmodium pinotti'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Giovannolaia''. Like all ''Plasmodium'' species ''P. pinotti'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds. Description The parasite was first described by Muniz and Soares in 1954. It was named after Mario Pinotti. Geographical occurrence This species is found in Jamaica. Clinical features and host pathology Known hosts of this species include the bananaquit ('' Coereba flaveola''), orangequit ('' Euneornis campestris''), yellow-shouldered grassquit ('' Loxipasser anoxanthus''), large toucan (''Ramphastos toco The toco toucan (''Ramphastos toco''), also known as the common toucan or giant toucan, is the largest and probably the best known species in the toucan family. It is found in semi-open habitats throughout a large part of central and eastern Sou ...'') and black-faced grassquit ('' Tiaris bicolor''). References pinotti Parasites of b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plasmodium Hegneri
''Plasmodium hegneri'' is a parasite of the genus ''Plasmodium'' subgenus ''Giovannolaia''. Like all ''Plasmodium'' species ''P. hegneri'' has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds. Description The parasite was first described by Manwell and Kuntz in 1966.Manwell RD and Kuntz RE. (1966) ''Plasmodium hegneri'' n. sp. from the European teal ''Anas c. crecca'' in Taiwan. J. Protozool. 13(3):437-440 It is related to the following species '' Plasmodium asanum'' ''Plasmodium circumflexum'' ''Plasmodium durae'' ''Plasmodium fallax'' '' Plasmodium formosanum'' '' Plasmodium gabaldoni'' ''Plasmodium lophrae'' ''Plasmodium lophrae'' ''Plasmodium pediocetti'' ''Plasmodium pinotti'' ''Plasmodium polare'' Geographical occurrence This species was originally isolated in Taiwan but is likely to be much more widespread. Clinical features and host pathology This species infects the common or European teal (''Anas crecca The Eurasian tea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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