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Papal Conclave, 1492
The 1492 papal conclave (6–11 August) was convened after the death of Pope Innocent VIII (25 July 1492). It was the first papal conclave to be held in the Sistine Chapel. Cardinal Roderic Borja was elected unanimously on the fourth ballot as Pope Alexander VI. The election is notorious for allegations that Borja bought the votes of his electors, promising them lucrative appointments and other material gifts. Concerns about this conclave were among the reasons that Pope Julius II — who was at the time of the election one of the foremost candidates and participants, as Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere — enacted stronger rules against simony in 1503, shortly after Alexander VI's death in the same year. Cardinal electors Of the 23 cardinals participating in the conclave, fourteen had been elevated by Pope Sixtus IV. The cardinals of Sixtus IV, known as the "Sistine Cardinals" and led by Giuliano della Rovere, had controlled the conclave of 1484, electing one of their own, Gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel (; la, Sacellum Sixtinum; it, Cappella Sistina ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope in Vatican City. Originally known as the ''Cappella Magna'' ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who had it built between 1473 and 1481. Since that time, the chapel has served as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity. Today, it is the site of the papal conclave, the process by which a new pope is selected. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescoes that decorate the interior, most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and ''The Last Judgment (Michelangelo), The Last Judgment'', both by Michelangelo. During the reign of Sixtus IV, a team of Italian Renaissance painting, Renaissance painters that included Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli, created a series of frescos depicting the ''Life of Moses'' and the ''Life of Christ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maffeo Gherardo
Maffeo Gherardi (1406–1492) (called the Cardinal of Venice) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Maffeo Gherardi was born in Venice in 1406, the son of nobles Giovanni Gherardi and Cristina Barbarigo. He entered the Camaldolese Order when young, receiving the habit from Paolo Venerio, Abbot of the Monastery of St. Michael on Murano. Gherardi later became abbot of this monastery, and later Abbot General of the Camaldolese Order. In April 1466, the Venetian Senate unanimously elected him to be the Patriarch of Venice. Ambassadors of the Republic of Venice presented his selection to Pope Paul II on 31 October 1467 and the pope confirmed his appointment on 16 December 1468. Gherardi subsequently held this position for the rest of his life. His chancellor for many years was Filippo da Rimini.Margaret L. King, ''Venetian Humanism in an Age of Patrician Dominance'' (Princeton University Press, 1985), p. 407. Pope Innocent VIII made him a cardinal priest '' in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vice-Chancellor Of The Holy Roman Church
The Apostolic ChanceryCanon 260, ''Code of Canon Law'' of 1917, translated by Edward N. Peters, Ignatius Press, 2001. ( la, Cancellaria Apostolica; also known as the "Papal" or "Roman Chanc(ell)ery") was a dicastery of the Roman Curia at the service of the supreme pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. The principal and presiding official was the chancellor of the Holy Roman Church who was always the cardinal-priest of the Basilica di San Lorenzo in Damaso. The principal function of the office was to collect money to maintain the Papal army and to produce documents and correspondence for the Pope. Pope Pius VII reformed the office when Emperor Napoleon I of France obviated the need for Papal armies. In the early 20th century the office collected money for missionary work. Pope Paul VI abrogated the ''Cancellaria Apostolica'' on 27 February 1973. Its obligations were transferred to the Secretariat of State. History Before 1908 The role of ''bibliotecarius'' first appears in 781, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Callixtus III
Pope Callixtus III ( it, Callisto III, va, Calixt III, es, Calixto III; 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfonso de Borgia ( va, Alfons de Borja), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death in August 1458. Borgia spent his early career as a professor of law at the University of Lleida; he later served as a diplomat for the kings of Aragon. He became a tutor for King Alfonso V's illegitimate son Ferdinand. After arranging a reconciliation between Alfonso and Pope Martin V, Borgia was made Bishop of Valencia. In 1444, Pope Eugene IV named him a cardinal, and Borgia became a member of the Roman Curia. During the siege of Belgrade (1456), Callixtus initiated the custom that bells be rung at midday to remind the faithful to pray for the crusaders. The tradition of the Angelus noon bell still exists in most Catholic Churches to this day. He was also responsible for the retrial of Joan of Arc that saw her vindicated. He appo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal-Bishop Of Porto E Santa Rufina
A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. Their most solemn responsibility is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves (with a few historical exceptions), when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. In addition, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories (which generally take place annually), in which matters of importance to the Church are considered and new cardinals may be created. Cardina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Valencia
Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama starring Stephen Fry * ''Kingdom'' (American TV series), a 2014 US television drama starring Frank Grillo * ''Kingdom'' (South Korean TV series), a 2019 South Korean television series *'' Kingdom: Legendary War'', a 2021 South Korean television series Music * Kingdom (group), a South Korean boy group * ''Kingdom'' (Koda Kumi album), 2008 * ''Kingdom'' (Bilal Hassani album), 2019 * ''Kingdom'' (Covenant Worship album), 2014 * ''Kingdoms'' (Life in Your Way album), 2011 * ''Kingdoms'' (Broadway album), 2009 * ''Kingdom'' (EP), a 1998 EP by Vader * "Kingdom" (Dave Gahan song), 2007 * "Kingdom" (Maverick City Music and Kirk Franklin song), 2022 * "Kingdom", a song by Battle Beast on their 2013 album '' Battle Beast'' * "Kingdom", a so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papabile
''Papabile'' (, also , ; ; or "able to be pope") is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe a Catholic man, in practice always a cardinal, who is thought a likely or possible candidate to be elected pope. In some cases the cardinals will choose a ''papabile'' candidate. Among the ''papabili'' cardinals who have been elected pope are Eugenio Pacelli (Pius XII), Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI), and Joseph Ratzinger (Benedict XVI). However, at times the College of Cardinals elects a man who was not considered ''papabile'' by most Vatican watchers. In recent years those who were elected pope though not considered ''papabile'' include John XXIII, John Paul I, John Paul II. There is a saying among Vaticanologists: "He who enters the conclave as pope, leaves it as a cardinal." This is a popular proverb in Italy as well, indicating one should never be too sure of oneself. The list of ''papabili'' chang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Andrea Boccaccio
Giambattista Orsini (died February 22, 1503) (also called Giovanni Battista Orsini or Jean-Baptiste des Ursins) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal. He served as papal legate to the Marches of Ancona. Biography Giambattista Orsini was born in Rome before 1450, the son of Lorenzo Orsini, ''signore'' of Monte Rotondo, and Clarice Orsini, sister of Cardinal Latino Orsini. Notable family members also include his nephews Giovanni "Leo" de Medici and Piero de Medici, and his brother-in-law Lorenzo de Medici. Giambattista Orsini was the leader of the Guelph Party, meaning that he was against the election of a Holy Roman Emperor. The Orsini's greatest rival was the Roman noble Colonna family. Little is known from his education and childhood, with the exception of the fact that his family’s upper class status certainly favored his ecclesiastical career, as he became nominated at a young age to the roles of cleric of the apostolic chamber, auditor of the Roman Sacra Rota, and canon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Teodoro (Rome)
San Teodoro is a 6th-century church in Rome. It was dedicated to Theodore of Amasea and given to the Eastern Orthodox community of Rome by Pope John Paul II in 2004. It is located on an ancient road between the Roman Forum and Forum Boarium, along the north-western foot of the Palatine Hill. History Catholic church It may first have been built as early as the 6th century in the ruins of the granaries of Agrippa. The unusual round shape suggests it may have been built into the ruined shell of a temple similar in construction to the well-preserved ''nymphaeum'' once identified as the Temple of Minerva Medica. An ancient pagan altar was placed in the atrium in front of the church, and an early Christian mosaic was found on the site. The apsis mosaic dates to the 6th century and shows Christ (in purple clothing with gold lati clavi, which on Roman garments indicated high rank) seated on an orb representing the heavens, flanked by Peter and Paul and by the two martyrs Theodore (a lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santi Nereo E Achilleo
Santi Nereo ed Achilleo is a fourth-century basilica church in Rome, Italy, located in via delle Terme di Caracalla in the rione Celio facing the main entrance to the Baths of Caracalla. It has been the titular church of Cardinal Celestino Aós Braco since 28 November 2020. Note that the cemetery church of the catacomb of Saint Domatilla on the Appian Way, virtually lost in the early Middle Ages and rediscovered in the 1870s by the archaeologist Giovanni Battista de Rossi, carries the same dedication to Nereo and Achilleo. History A 337 epitaph inscription in the Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura celebrates the late Cinnamius Opas, ''lector'' of a church known as ''Titulus Fasciolae''; the name has traditionally been explained as the place where St. Peter lost the foot bandage (''fasciola'') that wrapped the wounds caused by his chains, on his way to escape the Mamertine Prison. In the acts of the synod of Pope Symmachus, in 499, the ''Titulus Fasciolae'' is recorded as ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascanio Sforza
Ascanio Maria Sforza Visconti (3 March 1455 – 28 May 1505) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Generally known as a skilled diplomat who played a major role in the election of Rodrigo Borgia as Pope Alexander VI, Sforza served as Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1492 until 1505. Biography Early years A member of the House of Sforza, Ascanio Sforza was born in Cremona, Lombardy. His parents were Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan, and Bianca Maria Visconti. He was also the brother of two Milanese dukes, Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1466–1476) and Ludovico Sforza (1494–1499), and the uncle of a third, Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1476–1494). Ascanio was a student of Francesco Filelfo, a courtier of Duke Francesco Sforza, who introduced him to government and literature. Other cardinals of the family were Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora (1534), Alessandro Sforza (1565), Francesco Sforza (1583) and Federico Sforza (1645). At age of 10 he was named commendato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Battista Orsini
Giovanni Battista Orsini, or Jean-Baptiste des Ursins, was the 39th Grand Master of the Order of the Knights Hospitaller from 1467 to 1476. References *Musée de Cluny who belonged to the Grand Master Giovanni Battista degli Orsini. Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller Giovanni Battista
Giovanni Battista was a common Italian given name (see Battista for those with the surname) in the 16th-18th centuries. It refers to "John ...
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