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Papal Conclave, 1484
The 1484 papal conclave (August 26–29) elected Pope Innocent VIII after the death of Pope Sixtus IV. The election At the death of Sixtus IV, the conclave of cardinals that met to elect his successor numbered thirty-two cardinals. The immediate context of the election was the nearly unprecedented packing of the College of Cardinals by Sixtus IV, not only in terms of overall size, but also in terms of cardinal-nephews and crown cardinals.Burkle-Young, Francis A. 1998.The election of Pope Innocent VIII (1484). As a result, nearly all of the non-Venetian cardinals supported the continuation of Sixtus IV's policies of isolation towards the Republic of Venice, specifically the Peace of Bagnolo. However, the two factions of cardinals differed over whether the church ought to prioritize the continuation of the Italian League or should prioritize papal power (especially vis-a-vis Naples) over the preservation of the peace. Cardinal Borja led the first faction and Cardinal della Rovere, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostolic Palace
The Apostolic Palace ( la, Palatium Apostolicum; it, Palazzo Apostolico) is the official residence of the pope, the head of the Catholic Church, located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Papal Palace, the Palace of the Vatican and the Vatican Palace. The Vatican itself refers to the building as the Palace of Sixtus V, in honor of Pope Sixtus V, who built most of the present form of the palace. The building contains the papal apartments, various offices of the Catholic Church and the Holy See, private and public chapels, Vatican Museums, and the Vatican Library, including the Sistine Chapel, Raphael Rooms, and Borgia Apartment. The modern tourist can see these last and other parts of the palace, but other parts, such as the Sala Regia (Vatican), Sala Regia (Regal Room) and Cappella Paolina, had long been closed to tourists, though the Sala Regia allowed occasional tourism by 2019. The Scala Regia (Vatican), Scala Regia (Regal Staircase) can be viewed from one end and used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II ( la, Iulius II; it, Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar. One of the most powerful and influential popes, Julius II was a central figure of the High Renaissance and left a significant cultural and political legacy. As a result of his policies during the Italian Wars, the Papal States increased its power and centralization, and the office of the papacy continued to be crucial, diplomatically and politically, during the entirety of the 16th century in Italy and Europe. In 1506, Julius II established the Vatican Museums and initiated the rebuilding of the St. Peter's Basilica. The same year he organized the famous Swiss Guards for his personal protection and commanded a successful campa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Foscari
Pietro Foscari (died 1485) (called the Cardinal of Venice) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal. Biography Pietro Foscari was born in Venice ca. 1417. He was the nephew of Francesco Foscari, Doge of Venice. Early in his career he became Abbot of the monastery of Saints Cosmas and Damian in Zara. In 1448, he became a canon of the cathedral chapter of Padua Cathedral. He became ''primicerius'' of St Mark's Basilica in Venice in 1452. He later became a protonotary apostolic. In the secret consistory of 25 March 1471 Pope Paul II secretly made Foscari a cardinal, but this was not published before the pope's death on July 26 and he was therefore not admitted to the papal conclave of 1471 that elected Pope Sixtus IV. In the consistory of 10 December 1477 Pope Sixtus IV made Foscari a cardinal priest; this was published on 20 December and Foscari given the titular church of San Nicola fra le Immagini. He arrived in Rome on 12 March 1478 and received the red hat on 6 April 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Girolamo Basso Della Rovere
Girolamo Basso della Rovere (1434–1507) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Life Basso della Rovere was born in Albissola Marina, the son of Giovanni Basso (Marquess of Bistagno and Monastero) and his wife Luchina della Rovere of the House of della Rovere and sister of Pope Sixtus IV He was Bishop of Albenga in 1472, and then Bishop of Recanati in 1476. He was created cardinal on 10 December 1477 by his uncle, Pope Sixtus IV. Between 1471 and 1484 he built a new family chapel in the ''Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo'' in Rome, the same church that his relatives, Pope Sixtus IV and Domenico della Rovere, significantly rebuilt and embellished. The Basso Della Rovere Chapel was decorated by the favourite artist of the family, Pinturicchio Pinturicchio, or Pintoricchio (, ; born Bernardino di Betto; 1454–1513), also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian painter during the Renaissance. He acquired his nickname (meanin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jorge Da Costa (cardinal)
Dom Jorge da Costa (1406 – 18 September 1508) was a Portuguese cardinal. Biography Born in Alpedrinha, Fundão, he is often called the Cardinal of Alpedrinha. He was one of many children of Martim Vaz and wife Catarina Gonçalves. He made benefits to all his brothers and sisters. He held a very large number of ecclesiastical offices. He was Archbishop of Lisbon 1464–1500 and 108th Archbishop of Braga 1486–1501. He was the confessor of Afonso V of Portugal. From 1478 he was in exile in Rome, having clashed with John II of Portugal, at that point in power though not yet reigning. He died a centenarian in Rome. He is buried in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo in the Costa Chapel that he purchased in 1488 and furnished with high quality works of art. He died on 18 September 1508 aged between 101 and 102, making him the second longest lived cardinal after Cardinal Bafile who died on 3 February 2005 at the age of 101 years, 214 days. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philibert Hugonet
Philibert Hugonet (died 1484) (called the Cardinal of Mâcon) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Philibert Hugonet studied in the Diocese of Mâcon, where his uncle, Étienne Hugonet, had been bishop since 1451. He later spent six years studying at the University of Pavia, becoming a doctor of both laws. After completing his education, he was a member of several embassies sent by Charles the Bold, notably embassies to Pope Paul II and to Fernando V of Castilla. His brother, Guillaume Hugonet, was the Chancellor of the Duchy of Burgundy during this period, until he was assassinated in April 1477. He never returned to Flanders after the death of his brother. Hugonet became a canon of Mâcon Cathedral and a protonotary apostolic. After the death of his uncle, he was elected the new Bishop of Mâcon on October 2, 1472, and subsequently occupied the see until his death. At the request of Charles the Bold, Pope Sixtus IV made him a cardinal priest in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Arcimboldo
Giovanni Arcimboldi (died 1488) is called the Cardinal of Novara or the Cardinal of Milan and was an Italians, Italian Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Bishop (Catholic Church), bishop and Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal. He served many times as the legate to Perugia and was both a Senator of Milan and ran the archdiocese from 1485-1488. Biography Giovanni Arcimboldi was born in Parma or Milan in 1421 or 1426. He was the son of Nicolò Arcimboldo (''maestro delle Entrate Straordinarie'' of Filippo Maria Visconti) and his wife Orsina Canossa (descendant of the family of Matilda of Tuscany). He was educated at the University of Pavia, receiving a Doctor of both laws, doctorate of both laws in 1458. He also studied Literature, letters under Italians, Italian Renaissance humanism, Renaissance humanist Francesco Filelfo and later maintained a correspondence with Filelfo. Early in his life, he married Briseide Pietrasanta, and had a daughter, Briseide Arcimboldi. He also later fathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camerlengo Of The Sacred College Of Cardinals
The Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals was the treasurer of the College of Cardinals in the Catholic Church. The title is based on an Italian word for chamberlain, a word no longer used in secular contexts. The position existed from at least 1272 until 1997, when it was allowed to lapse. The Camerlengo administered all property, fees, funds and revenue belonging to the College of Cardinals, celebrated the requiem mass for a deceased cardinal and was charged with the registry of the '' Acta Consistoralia''. It is believed that the post was created by Pope Eugene III in 1150, but there is no documentary proof of its existence before the pontificate of Pope Innocent III, or perhaps even before the year 1272. List of Camerlengos of the Sacred College of Cardinals 1198 to 1439 * Cencio Savelli (1198–1216) *(1217–1271 – no information found) *Guillaume de Bray (1272–1282) *(1283–1287 no information found) * Pietro Peregrosso (1288–1295) *Hugh Aycelin (1295–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefano Nardini
Stefano Nardini (died 1484) (called the Cardinal of Milan) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Biography Stefano Nardini was born in Forlì. He received a doctorate of both laws. As a young man, Nardini served in the military, before joining the ecclesiastical estate and traveling to Rome. He became a canon of Ferrara Cathedral, and later General Treasurer of the Marche. During the pontificate of Pope Callixtus III, he was governor of Romagna. Under Pope Pius II, he was a referendary, and later, a protonotary apostolic. He then served as Pius II's nuncio to Germany; the pope wrote to him on 15 July 1459 about the advance of the Ottoman Empire in the Kingdom of Bosnia. On 13 November 1461 he was elected Archbishop of Milan. He occupied that see until his death. He then served as a nuncio in the Kingdom of Aragon, in which capacity he successfully sought the derogation of a pragmatic sanction that endangered the freedom of the church. In July and August 1464, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Michiel
Giovanni Michiel (* 1446 or 1447, died 1503) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. Biography Giovanni Michiel was born in Venice sometime between April 1446 and April 1447, the son of Lorenzo Michiel and Nicolosa Barbo, sister of the future Pope Paul II. A cousin, Giovanni Battista Zeno, was also a cardinal (1468). Early in his career, Michiel served as a protonotary apostolic. During this time, he lived with his uncle in the Apostolic Palace. His uncle made him a cardinal deacon in the consistory of 21 November 1468. He received the red hat and the deaconry of Santa Lucia in Septisolio on 22 November 1468. He opted for the deaconry of Sant'Angelo in Pescheria ca. 1470. He was named Bishop of Verona '' in commendam'' on 18 March 1471; his entry into the see was delayed by the conflict between the Republic of Venice and the Holy See, but then occupied the office until his death. He participated in the papal conclave of 1471 that elected Pope Sixtus IV. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Battista Zeno
Giovanni Battista Zeno (or Zen) (died 7 May 1501) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was made a cardinal by his uncle, Pope Paul II in November 1468. The Zeno Chapel in St Mark's Basilica, Venice, was built as his tomb. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator A consecrator is a bishop who ordains someone to the episcopacy. A co-consecrator is someone who assists the consecrator bishop in the act of ordaining a new bishop. The terms are used in the canon law of the Catholic Church, Lutheran Churches, ... of Giovanni Paternione, Bishop of Malta (1479). References 15th-century births Year of birth unknown 1501 deaths Cardinal-nephews 15th-century Italian cardinals Cardinal-bishops of Frascati University of Padua alumni Burials at St Mark's Basilica Giovanni Battista 15th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops {{Italy-RC-cardinal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal-nephew
A cardinal-nephew ( la, cardinalis nepos; it, cardinale nipote; es, valido de su tío; pt, cardeal-sobrinho; french: prince de fortune)Signorotto and Visceglia, 2002, p. 114. Modern French scholarly literature uses the term "cardinal-neveu'". was a cardinal elevated by a pope who was that cardinal's relative. The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages, and reached its apex during the 16th and 17th centuries. The last cardinal-nephew was named in 1689 and the practice was abolished in 1692.Bunson, Matthew. 1995.Cardinal Nephew. ''The Pope Encyclopedia''. Crown Trade Paperbacks. . The word ''nepotism'' originally referred specifically to this practice, when it appeared in the English language about 1669. From the middle of the Avignon Papacy (1309–1377) until Pope Innocent XII's anti-nepotism bull (a papal charter), ''Romanum decet pontificem'' (1692), a pope without a cardinal-nephew was the exception to the rule. Every Renaissance pope who creat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
