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Paluvettaraiyar
The Pazhuvettaraiyar were feudatories of the medieval Cholas. They ruled over the areas of Kila-Paluvur, Mela-Paluvur and Keezhaiyur in the Udaiyarpalayam taluk of the Ariyalur district. They were responsible for a number of benefactions to the temples at this place and were known to have been related to the Cholas by marriage. Origin According to the Anbil plates of Sundara Chola, his paternal grandmother, that is the queen of Parantaka I and the mother of Arinjaya Chola was of Pazhuvettaraiyar family. She is therein described as the daughter of a '' Chera mandala prince'' called ''Paluvettaraiyar''. So it can be safely concluded that they were of Chera origin. However it is not clear if they were already in possession of the areas of Kilapaluvur, Melapaluvur and Keezhaiyur or if they were granted these dominions after their alliance with the Cholas. Reference in South Indian inscriptions About a dozen records pertaining to this dynasty have been found. Pazhuvettaraiyar w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paluvettaraiyar
The Pazhuvettaraiyar were feudatories of the medieval Cholas. They ruled over the areas of Kila-Paluvur, Mela-Paluvur and Keezhaiyur in the Udaiyarpalayam taluk of the Ariyalur district. They were responsible for a number of benefactions to the temples at this place and were known to have been related to the Cholas by marriage. Origin According to the Anbil plates of Sundara Chola, his paternal grandmother, that is the queen of Parantaka I and the mother of Arinjaya Chola was of Pazhuvettaraiyar family. She is therein described as the daughter of a '' Chera mandala prince'' called ''Paluvettaraiyar''. So it can be safely concluded that they were of Chera origin. However it is not clear if they were already in possession of the areas of Kilapaluvur, Melapaluvur and Keezhaiyur or if they were granted these dominions after their alliance with the Cholas. Reference in South Indian inscriptions About a dozen records pertaining to this dynasty have been found. Pazhuvettaraiyar w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur
The Twin Temples at Keezhaiyur is a 9th-century temple complex built by the Paluvettaraiyar chieftains who were vassals of the Medieval Cholas at Keezhaiyur on the Trichy-Ariyalur highway. Architecture As the name suggests, the complex consists of two temples. The temple in the north is called ''Vadavaayil Sirikoil'' or ''Chozheecharam'' and the one in the south is called ''Thenvaaayil Sirikoil'' or '' Agatheeswaram''. The temples were constructed by the Paluvettaraiyar chieftains Kumaran Maravan and Kumaran Kandan. Gallery File:Twin Temples Keezhaiyur.jpg, Entrance File:Twin Temples Keezhaiyur2.jpg, Temple 1 File:Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur3.jpg, Temple 2 File:Sculpture, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg, Sculpture File:ASI Information Board, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg, ASI Information Board See also *Paluvettaraiyar *Chola The Chola dynasty was a Tamils, Tamil thalassocratic Tamil Dynasties, empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur
The Twin Temples at Keezhaiyur is a 9th-century temple complex built by the Paluvettaraiyar chieftains who were vassals of the Medieval Cholas at Keezhaiyur on the Trichy-Ariyalur highway. Architecture As the name suggests, the complex consists of two temples. The temple in the north is called ''Vadavaayil Sirikoil'' or ''Chozheecharam'' and the one in the south is called ''Thenvaaayil Sirikoil'' or '' Agatheeswaram''. The temples were constructed by the Paluvettaraiyar chieftains Kumaran Maravan and Kumaran Kandan. Gallery File:Twin Temples Keezhaiyur.jpg, Entrance File:Twin Temples Keezhaiyur2.jpg, Temple 1 File:Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur3.jpg, Temple 2 File:Sculpture, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg, Sculpture File:ASI Information Board, Twin Temples, Keezhaiyur.jpg, ASI Information Board See also *Paluvettaraiyar *Chola The Chola dynasty was a Tamils, Tamil thalassocratic Tamil Dynasties, empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arinjaya Chola
Arinjaya Chola was a chola ruler of the Chola kingdom. He was the third son of Parantaka I and the younger brother of Gandaraditya Chola, whom he is thought to have succeeded in about 956. Arinjaya Chola was succeeded by his son Sundara Chola as Madurantaka Uttama Chola was not old enough to ascend the throne. Arinjaya seems to have ruled for a very short time. Recent scholarship suggests that Arinjaya was the son of a Chera princess (hence a half-brother to prince Rajaditya). As per the Anbil plates of Sundara Chola, Arinjaya's mother was the daughter of Paluvettaraiyar, therein described as a Kerala prince. Other names Arinjaya is also referred to by the names Arikulakesari, Arikesari, or Arindama. His name is mentioned in some of Gandaraditya's inscriptions as ''Alvar Arikulakesarideva''. Paucity of information There is some confusion regarding whether Arinjaya actually succeeded Gandaraditya. Some historians doubt whether Arinjaya ruled on his own right. There is l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Official Language
An official language is a language given supreme status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically the term "official language" does not refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government (e.g. judiciary, legislature, and/or administration). 178 countries recognize an official language, 101 of them recognizing more than one. The government of Italy made Italian official only in 1999, and some nations (such as the United States, Mexico and Australia) have never declared de jure official languages at the national level. Other nations have declared non-indigenous official languages. Many of the world's constitutions mention one or more official or national languages. Some countries use the official language designation to empower indigenous groups by giving them access to the government in their native languages. In countries that do not formally designate an official language, a ''de facto'' national language usually evolves. English is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil Language
Tamil (; ' , ) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian territory of Puducherry. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities in the four other South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also spoken by the Tamil diaspora found in many countries, including Malaysia, Myanmar, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia and Mauritius. Tamil is also natively spoken by Sri Lankan Moors. One of 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India, Tamil was the first to be classified as a classical language of India. Tamil is one of the longest-surviving classical languages of India.. "Tamil is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India" (p. 7). A. K. Ramanujan described it as "the on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chola
The Chola dynasty was a Tamils, Tamil thalassocratic Tamil Dynasties, empire of southern India and one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of the world. The earliest datable references to the Chola are from inscriptions dated to the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka of the Maurya Empire. As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera dynasty, Chera and Pandya dynasty, Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying territories until the 13th century CE. The Chola Empire was at its peak under the Medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE. The heartland of the Cholas was the fertile valley of the Kaveri River. They ruled a significantly larger area at the height of their power from the later half of the 9th century till the beginning of the 13th century. They unified peninsular India south of the Tungabhadra River, and held the territory as one state for three centuries between 907 and 1215 CE.K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, ''A Histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udayarpalayam Taluk
Udayarpalayam taluk is a taluk of Ariyalur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Jayankondam. Demographics According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Udayarpalayam had a population of 384,800 with 190,974 males and 193,826 females. There were 1015 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 65.6. Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,417 males and 17,971 females. Towns and villages * Adichanur * Aiyur * Alagapuram * Amanakkanthondi * Ambapur * Anaikudam * Andimadam * Angarayanallur * Anikudichan * Athukurichi * Ayyappannayakkan Pettai * Cholamadevi * Darmasamudram * Devamangalam * Devanur * Edankanni * Edayar * Elaiyur-East * Elaiyur-West * Elayaperumalnallur * Eravangudi * GangaiKonda Cholapuram * Govindaputhur * Gunamangalam * Idayakurichi * Irugaiyur * jayankondam * K. Vallam * Kachi Perumal * Kadambur * Kaduvettankurichy * Kallathur * Kaluvan Thondi * Karai Kurichy * Karukai * Kasan Kot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anbil, Tamil Nadu
Anbil is a village in India's Tiruchirappalli district, close to Lalgudi, and situated on the banks of the Kollidam River. Anbil is known for its temples. These include the Sundararaja Perumal Temple (also called the Vadivazhagiya Nambi Perumal Temple), which is dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu; also the Anbil Mariamman Kovil temple, dedicated to the South Indian mother goddess Mariamman. The latter temple also holds a popular annual car festival. Anbil is the birthplace of many prominent figures in Tamil Nadu politics, including Anbil P. Dharmalingam, one of the founding members of the DMK Political Party and previous Cabinet Minister in the Tamil Nadu government. Temples The Sundararaja Perumal temple was constructed in the Dravidian style of architecture and is mentioned in the ''Divya Prabandha,'' the religious canon of the Azhwar saints of the 7th–9th centuries AD. The temple priests, who belong to the Vaishnavaite community, perform the '' pooja'' (rituals) d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundara Chola
Parantaka Chola II (Tamil: இரண்டாம் பராந்தக சோழன்) (r. 958 – 973 CE) was a Chola emperor. He is also known as Sundara Chola as he was considered an epitome of male beauty.''Early Chola temples:Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907-985''''Journal of Indian museums, Volumes 14-16, page 35''''A Topographical List of Inscriptions in the Tamil Nadu and Kerala States: Nilgiris District, Pudukkottai District, Ramanathapuram District, Salem District, page 41'' He was the son of Arinjaya Chola and queen Kalyani, a princess of Vaidumba family. Parantaka II ascended the Chola throne despite the fact that his cousin Madurantaka Uttama Chola, the son of Gandaraditya Chola(the elder brother of Arinjaya Chola) was alive and he had equal if not more claim to the Chola throne. When Parantaka II became king, the Chola kingdom had shrunk to the size of a small principality. The Pandyas in the south had revived their fortunes and had defeated the Chola ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parantaka I
Parantaka Chola I (Tamil : பராந்தக சோழன் I) (873 CE–955 CE) was a Chola emperor who ruled for forty-eight years, annexing Pandya by defeating Rajasimhan II. The best part of his reign was marked by increasing success and prosperity. Invasion of the Pandya kingdom Parantaka I continued the expansion started by his father, and invaded the Pandya kingdom in 915. He captured the Pandyan capital Madurai and assumed the title Madurain-konda (Capturer of Madurai). The Pandyan ruler Maravarman Rajasinha II sought the help of Kassapa V of Anuradhapura who sent an army to his aid. Parantaka I defeated the combined army at the battle of Vellore. The Pandya king fled into exile in Sri Lanka and Parantaka I completed his conquest of the entire Pandya country. Parantaka I spent many years in the newly conquered country reducing it to subjugation, and when he felt he had at last achieved his aim, he wanted to celebrate his victory by a coronation in Madurai in wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
