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Palladium Tetrafluoride
Palladium(IV) fluoride, also known as palladium tetrafluoride, is the chemical compound of palladium and fluorine with the chemical formula PdF4. The palladium atoms in PdF4 are in the +4 oxidation state. Synthesis Palladium tetrafluoride has been prepared by reacting palladium(II,IV) fluoride with fluorine gas at pressures around 7 atm and at 300 °C for several days. Reactivity PdF4 is a strong oxidising agent and undergoes rapid hydrolysis in moist air. See also * Palladium fluoride Palladium fluoride is the name of a series of binary compounds of palladium and fluorine. These include: * Palladium(II) fluoride or palladium difluoride, PdF2 * Palladium(II,IV) fluoride or palladium trifluoride, PdF3. It is not palladium(III) f ...s References {{Fluorides Palladium compounds Fluorides Platinum group halides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platinum(IV) Fluoride
Platinum tetrafluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula . In the solid state, the compound features platinum(IV) in octahedral coordination geometry In chemistry, octahedral molecular geometry, also called square bipyramidal, describes the shape of compounds with six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands symmetrically arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of an octahedron. The oc .... Preparation The compound was first reported by Henri Moissan by the fluorination of platinum metal in the presence of hydrogen fluoride. A modern synthesis involves thermal decomposition of platinum hexafluoride. Properties Platinum tetrafluoride vapour at 298.15 K consists of individual molecules. The enthalpy of sublimation is 210 kJmol−1. Original analysis of powdered PtF4 suggested a tetrahedral molecular geometry, but later analysis by several methods identified it as octahedral, with four of the six fluorines on each platinum bridging to adjacent pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladium(II) Fluoride
Palladium(II) fluoride, also known as palladium difluoride, is the chemical compound of palladium and fluorine with the formula PdF2. Synthesis PdF2 is prepared by refluxing palladium(II,IV) fluoride, PdII dIVF6 with selenium tetrafluoride, SeF4. :Pd dF6+ SeF4 → 2PdF2 + SeF6 Structure and paramagnetism Like its lighter congener nickel(II) fluoride, PdF2 adopts a rutile-type crystal structure, containing octahedrally coordinated palladium, which has the electronic configuration t e. This configuration causes PdF2 to be paramagnetic due to two unpaired electrons, one in each eg-symmetry orbital of palladium. Applications Palladium fluoride is an insoluble powder used in infrared optical sensors, and in situations where reactivity to oxygen makes palladium oxide unsuitable. See also * Palladium fluoride Palladium fluoride is the name of a series of binary compounds of palladium and fluorine. These include: * Palladium(II) fluoride or palladium difluoride, PdF2 * Palladium( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladium(II,IV) Fluoride
Palladium(II,IV) fluoride, also known as palladium trifluoride, is a chemical compound of palladium and fluorine. It has the empirical formula PdF3, but is better described as the mixed-valence compound palladium(II) hexafluoropalladate(IV), PdII dIVF6 and is often written as Pd dF6or Pd2F6. Synthesis Pd dF6is the most stable product of the reaction of fluorine and metallic palladium. :2 Pd + 3 F2 → Pd dF6 Structure and properties Pd dF6is paramagnetic, and both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) occupy octahedral sites in the crystal structure. The PdII-F distance is 2.17 Å, whereas the PdIV-F distance is 1.90 Å. See also * Palladium fluoride Palladium fluoride is the name of a series of binary compounds of palladium and fluorine. These include: * Palladium(II) fluoride or palladium difluoride, PdF2 * Palladium(II,IV) fluoride or palladium trifluoride, PdF3. It is not palladium(III) f ... References {{Fluorides Palladium compounds Fluorides Platinum group halides Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances. In this process, bonds between atoms may be broken and/or new bonds formed. There are four major types of compounds, distinguished by how the constituent atoms are bonded together. Molecular compounds are held together by covalent bonds; ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds; intermetallic compounds are held together by metallic bonds; coordination complexes are held together by coordinate covalent bonds. Non-stoichiometric compounds form a disputed marginal case. A chemical formula specifies the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule, using the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladium
Palladium is a chemical element with the symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). They have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. More than half the supply of palladium and its congener platinum is used in catalytic converters, which convert as much as 90% of the harmful gases in automobile exhaust (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide) into nontoxic substances (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor). Palladium is also used in electronics, dentistry, medicine, hydrogen purification, chemical applications, groundwate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at standard conditions as a highly toxic, pale yellow diatomic gas. As the most electronegative reactive element, it is extremely reactive, as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases. Among the elements, fluorine ranks 24th in universal abundance and 13th in terrestrial abundance. Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb meaning 'flow' gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist Henri Moissan isolate elemental fluorine using low-temperature electrolysis, a process still employed for modern pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Formula
In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and ''plus'' (+) and ''minus'' (−) signs. These are limited to a single typographic line of symbols, which may include Subscript and superscript, subscripts and superscripts. A chemical formula is not a chemical nomenclature, chemical name, and it contains no words. Although a chemical formula may imply certain simple chemical structures, it is not the same as a full chemical structural formula. Chemical formulae can fully specify the structure of only the simplest of molecules and chemical substances, and are generally more limited in power than chemical names and structural formulae. The simplest types of chemical formulae are called ''empirical formulae'', which use letters and numbers ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidation State
In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero. While fully ionic bonds are not found in nature, many bonds exhibit strong ionicity, making oxidation state a useful predictor of charge. The oxidation state of an atom does not represent the "real" formal charge on that atom, or any other actual atomic property. This is particularly true of high oxidation states, where the ionization energy required to produce a multiply positive ion is far greater than the energies available in chemical reactions. Additionally, the oxidation states of atoms in a given compound may vary depending on the choice of electronegativity scale used in their calculation. Thus, the oxidation state of an atom in a compound is purely a formalism. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladium(II,IV) Fluoride
Palladium(II,IV) fluoride, also known as palladium trifluoride, is a chemical compound of palladium and fluorine. It has the empirical formula PdF3, but is better described as the mixed-valence compound palladium(II) hexafluoropalladate(IV), PdII dIVF6 and is often written as Pd dF6or Pd2F6. Synthesis Pd dF6is the most stable product of the reaction of fluorine and metallic palladium. :2 Pd + 3 F2 → Pd dF6 Structure and properties Pd dF6is paramagnetic, and both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) occupy octahedral sites in the crystal structure. The PdII-F distance is 2.17 Å, whereas the PdIV-F distance is 1.90 Å. See also * Palladium fluoride Palladium fluoride is the name of a series of binary compounds of palladium and fluorine. These include: * Palladium(II) fluoride or palladium difluoride, PdF2 * Palladium(II,IV) fluoride or palladium trifluoride, PdF3. It is not palladium(III) f ... References {{Fluorides Palladium compounds Fluorides Platinum group halides Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidising Agent
An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or " accepts"/"receives" an electron from a (called the , , or ). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance. The oxidation state, which describes the degree of loss of electrons, of the oxidizer decreases while that of the reductant increases; this is expressed by saying that oxidizers "undergo reduction" and "are reduced" while reducers "undergo oxidation" and "are oxidized". Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and the halogens. In one sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that undergoes a chemical reaction in which it gains one or more electrons. In that sense, it is one component in an oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction. In the second sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that transfers electronegative atoms, usually oxygen, to a substrate. Combus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution reaction, substitution, elimination reaction, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile. Biological hydrolysis is the cleavage of biomolecules where a water molecule is consumed to effect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. When a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose), this is recognized as saccharification. Hydrolysis reactions can be the reverse of a condensation reaction in which two molecules join into a larger one and eject a water molecule. Thus hydrolysis adds water to break down, whereas condensation builds up by removing water. Types Usually hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule of water is added to a substance. Sometimes this addition causes both the substance and w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palladium Fluoride
Palladium fluoride is the name of a series of binary compounds of palladium and fluorine. These include: * Palladium(II) fluoride or palladium difluoride, PdF2 * Palladium(II,IV) fluoride or palladium trifluoride, PdF3. It is not palladium(III) fluoride (which is unknown), and is often described as palladium(II) hexafluoropalladate(IV), PdII dIVF6* Palladium(IV) fluoride, or palladium tetrafluoride, PdF4 * Palladium(VI) fluoride, or palladium hexafluoride, PdF6, which is calculated to be stable Palladium-fluorine coordination complex A coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the ''coordination centre'', and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ''ligands'' or complexing agents. Many ...es have been developed to catalyse the synthesis of aryl fluorides, which are otherwise difficult to make. References {{Chemistry index Palladium compounds Fluorides Platinum group halides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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