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Pacifism In Japan
Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ''ahimsa'' (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Indian Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound. In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You''. Mahatma Gandhi propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called "satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian Independence Movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, Mary and Charles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Symbol (bold)
A number of peace symbols have been used many ways in various cultures and contexts. The dove and olive branch was used symbolically by early Christians and then eventually became a secular peace symbol, popularized by a ''Dove'' lithograph by Pablo Picasso after World War II. In the 1950s the "peace sign", as it is known today (also known as "peace and love"), was designed by Gerald Holtom as the logo for the British Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), a group at the forefront of the peace movement in the UK, and adopted by anti-war and counterculture activists in the US and elsewhere. The symbol is a super-imposition of the semaphore signals for the letters "N" and "D", taken to stand for "nuclear disarmament", while simultaneously acting as a reference to Goya's ''The Third of May 1808'' (1814) (aka "Peasant Before the Firing Squad"). The V hand signal and the peace flag also became international peace symbols. Olive branch Classical antiquity The use of the oliv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonviolent Resistance
Nonviolent resistance (NVR), or nonviolent action, sometimes called civil resistance, is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, constructive program, or other methods, while refraining from violence and the threat of violence. This type of action highlights the desires of an individual or group that feels that something needs to change to improve the current condition of the resisting person or group. Nonviolent resistance is often but wrongly taken as synonymous with civil disobedience. Each of these terms—nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience—has different connotations and commitments. Berel Lang argues against the conflation of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience on the grounds that the necessary conditions for an act instancing civil disobedience are: (1) that the act violates the law, (2) that the act is performed intentionally, and (3) that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian Orend
Brian Orend is the Director of International Studies and a professor of Philosophy at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario. Orend's works focus on just war theory and human rights. He is best known for his discussions of ''jus post bellum'' (justice after war), which deals with the termination phase of war. Works * ''War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective'' (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2000) * ''Michael Walzer on War and Justice'' (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001) * ''Human Rights: Concept and Context'' (Broadview Press, 2002) * ''The Morality of War'' (Broadview Press, June 2006) * "War", ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (Online: Fall 2008 Edition) See also * List of University of Waterloo people The University of Waterloo, located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, is a comprehensive public university that was founded in 1957 by Drs. Gerry Hagey and Ira G. Needles. It has grown into an institution of more than 42,000 students, fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jenny Teichman
Jenny Teichman (1930 – 12 September 2018) was an Australian-British philosopher, writing mostly on ethics. She was born in Melbourne, Australia in 1930 and lived as a child in the artists' colony of Montsalvat. She married the lecturer and political commentator Max Teichmann. She taught mostly at Murray Edwards College, Cambridge, formerly known as New Hall, where she became an Emeritus Fellow. She taught for shorter periods in Australia, Canada and the USA. She was research fellow at Somerville College, Oxford, from 1957 until 1960. She died on 12 September 2018. Bibliography Books * * ''Illegitimacy'', Blackwell & Cornell UP 1982 * ''Pacifism & the Just War'', Blackwell 1986 * ''Philosophy & the Mind'', Blackwell 1988 * ''Philosophy: a Beginners Guide'' (with Katherine Evans) Blackwell 1991, 1995, 1999 (translations in Polish, Spanish, Russian, Korean, Chinese & Georgian) * ''Social Ethics a Students Guide'', Blackwell 1996 (translations in Spanish, Indonesian, Korean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Brock (historian)
Peter Brock (1920–2006) was an English-born Canadian historian who specialized in the history of pacifism and Eastern Europe. Life Peter Brock was born in 1920 on Guernsey, Channel Islands. Although he came from a military family, he rejected this tradition. While studying at Exeter College, Oxford, he came under the influence of pacifist ideas, particularly those of Bart de Ligt.Harvey Dyck and Andrew Rossos. "Peter Brock (1920-2006)", ''Canadian Slavonic Papers'', Vol. 49, No. 1/2 (March–June 2007), pp. 1-4 During the Second World War, he declared as a conscientious objector and was briefly imprisoned. He spent the rest of the war on alternative service, including working in a hospital. After the war, Brock worked with a Quaker relief mission to Germany and Poland, sparking his interest in Eastern Europe. After the mission ended, Brock took graduate study at Jagiellonian University, receiving a doctorate in history in 1950. Brock later emigrated to Canada and settled the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarcho-pacifism
Anarcho-pacifism, also referred to as anarchist pacifism and pacifist anarchism, is an anarchist school of thought that advocates for the use of peaceful, non-violent forms of resistance in the struggle for social change. Anarcho-pacifism rejects the principle of violence which is seen as a form of power and therefore as contradictory to key anarchist ideals such as the rejection of hierarchy and dominance. Many anarcho-pacifists are also Christian anarchists, who reject war and the use of violence. Anarcho-pacifists do not reject the use of non-violent revolutionary action against capitalism and the state with the purpose of establishing a peaceful voluntarist society. The main early influences were the philosophies of Henry David Thoreau and Leo Tolstoy while later the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi gained significance. Anarcho-pacifist movements primarily emerged in the Netherlands, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States before and during World War II. History Henry Dav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Rights Movement
The civil rights movement was a nonviolent social and political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish legalized institutional Racial segregation in the United States, racial segregation, Racial discrimination in the United States, discrimination, and disenfranchisement in the United States, disenfranchisement throughout the United States. The movement had its origins in the Reconstruction era during the late 19th century, although it made its largest legislative gains in the 1960s after years of direct actions and grassroots protests. The social movement's major nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience campaigns eventually secured new protections in federal law for the civil rights of all Americans. After the American Civil War and the subsequent Abolitionism in the United States, abolition of slavery in the 1860s, the Reconstruction Amendments to the United States Constitution granted emancipation and constitutional rights of citizenship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thich Nhat Hanh , temple in Vũng Tàu, Vietnam
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Thích is a name that Vietnamese monks and nuns take as their Buddhist surname to show affinity with the Buddha. Notable Vietnamese monks with the name include: *Thích Huyền Quang (1919–2008), dissident and activist *Thích Quảng Độ (1928–2020), critic of the Vietnamese government *Thích Quảng Đức (1897–1963), who burned himself to death as a protest *Thích Nhất Hạnh (1926–2022), Zen teacher, author and peace activist *Thích Nhật Từ (born 1969), public speaker and author *Thích Thanh Từ, author and teacher *Thích Trí Quang (1924–2019), Mahayana leader of South Vietnam's Buddhist majority in 1963 See also *Thích Ca Phật Đài Thích Ca Phật Đài () is a notable Theravada Buddhist temple in the coastal city of Vung Tau in southern Vietnam. It lies to the northwest of the Lớn mountain and was built between 1961 and 1963 when it was opened. It is set on a plot of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Garrow
David Jeffries Garrow (born May 11, 1953) is an American author and historian. He wrote the book ''Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference'' (1986), which won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for Biography. He also wrote ''Liberty and Sexuality'' (1994), a history of the legal struggles over abortion and reproductive rights in the U.S. prior to the 1973 ''Roe v. Wade'' decision, '' Rising Star: The Making of Barack Obama'' (2017), and other works. Professional historians and scholars in other fields have criticized Garrow's later work on Martin Luther King. In 2019 Garrow wrote an article for the magazine '' Standpoint'' in which he wrote he had seen an FBI file with a handwritten note on it claiming King had witnessed, failed to prevent, and encouraged a sexual assault by another minister. Garrow said he found the claim credible. A number of scholars, including King specialists and COINTELPRO historians, described it as "deeply irrespon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Bevel
James Luther Bevel (October 19, 1936 – December 19, 2008) was a minister and leader of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement in the United States. As a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and then as its Director of Direct Action and Nonviolent Education, Bevel initiated, strategized, and developed SCLC's three major successes of the era: the 1963 Birmingham Children's Crusade, the 1965 Selma voting rights movement, and the 1966 Chicago open housing movement.Kryn in Garrow, 1989. He suggested that SCLC call for and join a March on Washington in 1963.Kryn in Garrow, 1989, p. 533. Bevel strategized the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches, which contributed to Congressional passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Prior to his time with SCLC, Bevel worked in the Nashville Student Movement, which conducted the 1960 Nashville Lunch-Counter Sit-Ins, the 1961 Open Theater Movement, and recruited students to continue the 1961 Freedom Rides after they were attacked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Lawson (American Activist)
James Morris Lawson Jr. (born September 22, 1928) is an American activist and university professor. He was a leading theoretician and tactician of nonviolence within the Civil Rights Movement. During the 1960s, he served as a mentor to the Nashville Student Movement and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. He was expelled from Vanderbilt University for his civil rights activism in 1960, and later served as a pastor in Los Angeles for 25 years. Early life and education Lawson was born to Philane May Cover and James Morris Lawson Sr. on September 22, 1928, in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He was the sixth out of nine children. He grew up in Massillon, Ohio. Both Lawson's father and grandfather were Methodist ministers. Lawson received his ministry license in 1947 during his senior year of high school. While a freshman at Baldwin Wallace College in Berea, Ohio, he studied sociology. Because of his refusal to serve in the US military when drafted, he was convicted of draft evas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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