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Oreotrochilus
The hillstars are hummingbirds of the genus ''Oreotrochilus''. They are native to the Andes in South America. The '' Urochroa'' hillstars are not closely related. Species list Their genus contains seven species: * Ecuadorian hillstar (''Oreotrochilus chimborazo'') * Andean hillstar (''Oreotrochilus estella'') * Green-headed hillstar (''Oreotrochilus stolzmanni'') * White-sided hillstar (''Oreotrochilus leucopleurus'') * Black-breasted hillstar (''Oreotrochilus melanogaster'') * Wedge-tailed hillstar (''Oreotrochilus adela'') *Blue-throated hillstar (''Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus'') Description The birds are approximately in length with fairly long, slightly decurved black bills. They are sexually dimorphic. The male usually has an iridescent green throat, or bluish-purple in the Ecuadorian hillstar, with dull greenish upperparts and pale flanks. The central underparts are usually black, but are brown in the Andean hillstar. The tail is usually dark with a contrasting white patt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green-headed Hillstar
The green-headed hillstar (''Oreotrochilus stolzmanni'') is a species of hummingbird found in the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern and central Peru.Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5, J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott & J. Sargatal (eds.), Barcelona, 1999. It is one of 6 species in the genus ''Oreotrochilus'', and can be distinguished from its relatives by subtle differences in plumage coloration. The green-headed hillstar received its name due to its bronze and green crown and gorget of bright emerald green plumage. The species was first discovered by English ornithologist Osbert Salvin in 1895 and named after Polish ornithologist Jean Stanislaus Stolzmann. Hillstars of this genus are distinct among the hummingbird family Trochilidae because of their preference for high-elevation environments, and the development of many behavioral and physiological adaptations in order to survive the cold climate of the high Andes. Description The green-headed hillstar is a species of Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andean Hillstar
The Andean hillstar (''Oreotrochilus estella'') is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world'' Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip xls zipped 1 MBretrieved May 27, 2021 Taxonomy and systematics The Andean hillstar as known in 2022 has two subspecies, the nominate ''O. e. estella'' and ''O. e. bolivianus''. Subspecies ''bolivianus'' has been variously treated as a separate species and as indistinguishable from the nominate and therefore not a subspecies; these treatments have not been accepted by current taxomomies. Until 2019 what is now the green-headed hillstar (''O. stolzmanni'') was considered a third subspecies of the Andean. The white-sided hillstar (' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-sided Hillstar
The white-sided hillstar (''Oreotrochilus leucopleurus'') is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world'' Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip xls zipped 1 MBretrieved May 27, 2021 Taxonomy and systematics The white-sided hillstar was at one time proposed to be a subspecies of Andean hillstar (''Oreotrochilus estella'') but major taxonomies retain it as a species. It is monotypic.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 January 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Rems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecuadorian Hillstar
The Ecuadorian hillstar or Chimborazo hillstar (''Oreotrochilus chimborazo'') is a species of hummingbird. It is native to the Andes of Ecuador and extreme southern Colombia. Its main habitat type is high-altitude mountain grassland between 3500 and 5200 meters. Description and range The length of this species is about 12 cm, and it weighs approximately 8.0 g. It has a black bill that is slightly decurved and is about 2 cm long. The male has a glittering violet purple hood bordered below by a horizontal black chest stripe. It is dark olive green above and white below with a dark line down the center of the belly. The central tail feathers are blue-green and the rest are mostly white with black tips and edges. Females are duller dusty olive green above with a whitish throat speckled with brown spots. Its tail is dark and the rest of its underparts are pale grayish. There are two subspecies and the males can be distinguished by their throat. The entire throat of the ''O. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black-breasted Hillstar
The black-breasted hillstar (''Oreotrochilus melanogaster'') is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Peru.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world'' Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip xls zipped 1 MBretrieved 27 May 2021 Taxonomy and systematics The black-breasted hillstar is monotypic. Description The black-breasted hillstar is long and weighs about . Adults have a medium length slightly decurved black bill. The male's upperparts are bronzy brown. It has a shining emerald green gorget, grayish brown flanks, and entirely black breast, belly, and vent area. The tail is slightly forked and blue-black. The female is dull bronzy brown above and below. Its throat is pale with fine dark speckles. The tail is greenish black and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wedge-tailed Hillstar
The wedge-tailed hillstar (''Oreotrochilus adela'') is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Argentina and Bolivia.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world'' Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip xls zipped 1 MBretrieved 27 May 2021 Taxonomy and systematics The wedge-tailed hillstar is monotypic. Description The wedge-tailed hillstar is long and weighs . Adults have a medium length slightly decurved black bill. Both sexes' upperparts are gray-brown with a bronzy cast. The adult male has a glittering green gorget and chestnut underparts with a bold black stripe down the center. The tail is graduated and mostly blue-black; all but the central feathers have cinnamon inner webs. The adult female's throat is white with grayish and gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue-throated Hillstar
The blue-throated hillstar (''Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus'') is a hummingbird found only in a small portion of the southwestern Andes in Ecuador. It was discovered in 2017. Taxonomy and evolution The species name "cyanolaemus" is based on the Latinized Greek words for ultramarine blue (kuanos) and throat (laimos). Based on a sequences of a single mitochondrial gene, ND2, the species was found to be closely related to a clade composed of the black-breasted hillstar (''O. melanogaster'') and the green-headed hillstar (''O. stolzmanni''). Description The top of the head of the male blue-throated hillstar is iridescent emerald green, which extends from the forehead to the base of the crown. The iridescent highlights are blue-green. The nape of the neck, mantle, lower portion of the back, rump, and upperwing coverts are bright emerald green. Some feathers in these regions have blue-green edging, and some have bronze highlights. The uppertail coverts are emerald blue-green. The upper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuquiraga
''Chuquiraga'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.''Chuquiraga'' Juss. ''Arboles y arbustos de los Andes del Ecuador''. eFloras. The genus is distributed in the from to , with most species occurring in . These are |
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics around the equator. They are small birds, with most species measuring in length. The smallest extant hummingbird species is the bee hummingbird, which weighs less than . The largest hummingbird species is the giant hummingbird, weighing . They are specialized for feeding on flower nectar, but all species also consume flying insects or spiders. Hummingbirds split from their sister group, the swifts and treeswifts, around 42 million years ago. The common ancestor of extant hummingbirds is estimated to have lived 22 million years ago in South America. They are known as hummingbirds because of the humming sound created by their beating wings, which flap at high frequencies audible to humans. They hover in mid-air at rapid wing-flapping rate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S latitude), and has an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Along their length, the Andes are split into several ranges, separated by intermediate depressions. The Andes are the location of several high plateaus—some of which host major cities such as Quito, Bogotá, Cali, Arequipa, Medellín, Bucaramanga, Sucre, Mérida, El Alto and La Paz. The Altiplano plateau is the world's second-highest after the Tibetan plateau. These ranges are in turn grouped into three major divisions based on climate: the Tropical Andes, the Dry Andes, and the Wet Andes. The Andes Mountains are the highest m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotopaxi
Cotopaxi () is an active stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains, located in Latacunga city of Cotopaxi Province, about south of Quito, and northeast of the city of Latacunga, Ecuador. It is the second highest summit in Ecuador, reaching a height of . Cotopaxi is among the highest active volcanoes in the world. Its most recent eruption began on 14 August 2015, and ended on 24 January 2016. Cotopaxi is known to have erupted 87 times, resulting in the creation of numerous valleys formed by lahars (mudflows) around the volcano. The last eruption lasted from August 2015 to January 2016. Cotopaxi was officially closed by the authorities to climbing until it reopened on October 7, 2017. Description On a clear day, Cotopaxi is clearly visible on the skyline from Latacunga and Quito. It is part of the chain of volcanoes around the Pacific plate known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. It has an almost symmetrical cone that rises from a highland plain of about , with a width at its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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