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Oxyaeninae
Oxyaeninae ("sharp hyenas") is a extinct subfamily of oxyaenids from the late Paleocene to late Eocene of Asia, Europe and North America.Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: ''Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level'' in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. Etymology The name of the subfamily translates as "sharp hyaenas" (, name of hyena genus '' Hyaena'' and taxonomic suffix " -inae"). Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Oxyaeninae (Cope, 1877) ** Genus: †'' Argillotherium'' (Davies, 1884) *** †''Argillotherium toliapicum'' (Davies, 1884) ** Genus: †'' Dipsalidictis'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) paraphyletic.html" ;"title="'paraphyletic">'paraphyletic genus''*** †''Dipsalidictis aequidens'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) *** †''Dipsalidictis krausei'' (Gunnell & Gingerich, 1991) *** †''Dipsalidictis platypus'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) *** †''Dipsalidictis transiens'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) ** Genus: †''Malfelis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyaenidae
Oxyaenidae ("sharp hyenas") is a family of extinct carnivorous placental mammals. Traditionally classified in order Creodonta, this group is now classified in its own order Oxyaenodonta ("sharp tooth hyenas") within clade Pan-Carnivora in mirorder Ferae. The group contains four subfamilies comprising fourteen genera. Oxyaenids were the first to appear during the late Paleocene in North America, while smaller radiations of oxyaenids in Europe and Asia occurred during the Eocene. Etymology The name of order Oxyaenodonta comes , name of hyena genus ''Hyaena'' and . The name of family Oxyaenidae comes , name of hyena genus ''Hyaena'' and taxonomic suffix ":wikt:-idae#Suffix, -idae". Description They were superficially cat-like mammals that plantigrade, walked on flat feet, in contrast to modern cats, which digitigrade, walk and run on their toes. Anatomically, characteristic features include a short, broad skull, deep jaws, and teeth designed for crushing rather than shearing, as in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriofelis
''Patriofelis'' ("father of cats") was a large, cat-like oxyaenid of middle Eocene in North America. It was around long, not including the tail, and weighed about 40–90 kg, making it around the same size as a modern cougar. It had short legs with broad feet, suggesting that it may have been a poor runner, but a quite good swimmer. As its close relative ''Oxyaena'' was a reasonably good climber, it is possible ''Patriofelis'' could climb as well. It is found in particular in the Bridger Basin of southwestern Wyoming and at John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Oregon, both in the United States. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Patriofelis'' are shown in the following cladogram.Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018."Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"/ref> Gallery See also * Mammal classification * Oxyaeninae Oxyaeninae ("sharp hyenas" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarkastodon
''Sarkastodon'' ("meaty tooth") is an extinct genus of mammal within the creodont family Oxyaenidae that lived during the early to late Eocene, 48.6 to 37.2 million years ago. It was a large, carnivorous animal that lived in what is today China and Mongolia. ''Sarkastodon'' is known only from a skull and jawbones. ''Sarkastodon'' was probably a hypercarnivore that preyed on large mammals in its range during the Late Eocene, such as brontotheres, chalicotheres, and rhinoceroses. Its weight is estimated at , and its length at 3 m (10 ft). Discovery The type specimens of ''S. mongoliensis'' are known from Eocene deposits from the Irdin Manha Formation of Mongolia. Additional material referred to ''Sarkastodon'' is known from the Ulan Shireb beds ( from the holotype locality) of Inner Mongolia. These specimens were discovered by Walter W. Granger in 1930, on an expedition to the Gobi Desert. Palaeobiology ''Sarkastodon'' was a hypercarnivore, with hyaena-like d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxyaena
''Oxyaena'' ("sharp hyena") is an extinct genus of oxyaenid mammal from early Eocene of Europe, Asia and North America (most specimens being found in Colorado). Etymology The name of the genus translates as "sharp hyaena" ( and name of hyena genus '' Hyaena''). Description The species were superficially cat or wolverine-like, with a flexible body long, and short limbs. Some species like ''Oxyaena forcipata'' were bigger with a body mass estimated to be 20 kg. ''Oxyaena'' had a broad, low skull (20 cm long) with a long facial part and a massive lower jaw, while its body and tail were long and its five-toed limbs were short. Oxyaenidae, a family of extinct meat-eating mammals, takes its name from this genus. Oxyaenids may have evolved in North or Central America, and tended to have long bodies and tails with short legs. Because of their shape, early studies often compared them to cats, but this body form has evolved many times in small to medium-sized forest-dwelling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeonictinae
Palaeonictinae ("ancient weasels") is a extinct subfamily of oxyaenids from the late Paleocene to early Eocene of Europe and North America. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Palaeonictinae (Denison, 1938) ** Genus: †'' Ambloctonus'' (Cope, 1875) *** †''Ambloctonus major'' (Denison, 1938) *** †''Ambloctonus priscus'' (Matthew & Granger, 1915) *** †''Ambloctonus sinosus'' (Cope, 1875) ** Genus: †'' Dipsalodon'' (Jepsen, 1930) paraphyletic.html" ;"title="'paraphyletic">'paraphyletic genus''*** †''Dipsalodon churchillorum'' (Rose, 1981) *** †''Dipsalodon matthewi'' (Jepsen, 1930) ** Genus: †''Palaeonictis'' (de Blainville, 1842) *** †''Palaeonictis gigantea'' (de Blainville, 1842) *** †''Palaeonictis occidentalis'' (Osborn, 1892) *** †''Palaeonictis peloria'' (Rose, 1981) *** †''Palaeonictis wingi'' (Chester, 2010) Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of the subfamily Palaeonictinae are shown in the following cladogram:F. Solé, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machaeroidinae
Machaeroidinae ("dagger-like") is a Family (biology), subfamily of extinct carnivorous Saber-toothed cat, sabre-toothed Placentalia, placental mammals from Asia and North America.Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell: ''Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level'' in Columbia University Press, New York (1997), 631 Seiten. Traditionally classified as Hyaenodonta, hyaenodonts, this group is now classified as a member of the family Oxyaenidae. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Machaeroidinae (Matthew, 1909) ** Genus: †''Apataelurus'' (Scott, 1937) *** †''Apataelurus kayi'' (Scott, 1937) *** †''Apataelurus pishigouensis'' (Tong & Lei, 1986) ** Genus: †''Diegoaelurus'' (Zack, Poust & Wagner, 2022) *** ''Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae'' (Zack, Poust & Wagner, 2022) ** Genus: †''Isphanatherium'' (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998) *** ''Isphanatherium ferganensis'' (Lavrov & Averianov, 1998) ** Genus: †''Machaeroides'' (Matthew, 1909) *** †''Machaeroides eot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tytthaena
''Tytthaena'' ("little hyena") is an extinct genus of oxyaenids from subfamily Tytthaeninae. It lived during the late Paleocene to early Eocene in North America. Two species are known, ''T. parrisi'' and ''T. lichna''. Description ''Tytthaena'' is the smallest oxyaenid known. Morphologically, it resembles ''Oxyaena''. It can be distinguished from other oxyaenids by its size and dentition. Its molars were narrow, with elongate talonids.P. D. Gingerich. (1980.) "''Tytthaena parrisi'', Oldest Known Oxyaenid (Mammalia, Creodonta) from the Late Paleocene of Western North America." Journal of Paleontology 54(3):570-576K. D. Rose. (1981.) "The Clarkforkian Land-Mammal Age and Mammalian Faunal Composition Across the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 26:1-197 Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Tytthaena'' are shown in the following cladogram.Prevosti, F. J. & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018."Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palaiós'' meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The K–Pg extinction event, brought on by Chicxulub impact, an asteroid impact and possibly volcanism, marked the beginning of the Paleocene and killed off 75% of living species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs. The end of the epoch was marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which was a major climatic event wherein about 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon were released into the atmosphere and ocean systems, causing a spike in global temperatures and ocean acidification. In the Pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnivoramorpha
Carnivoramorpha ("carnivoran-like forms") is a clade of placental mammals that includes the modern order Carnivora and its extinct stem-relatives.Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004“Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.”''First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting''. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Classification and phylogeny Traditional classification * Clade: Carnivoramorpha basal clades to Carnivora, but without Creodont">Basal_(phylogenetics).html" ;"title="arnivora + all Basal (phylogenetics)">basal clades to Carnivora, but without Creodonts] ** Order: Carnivora (carnivorans) *** Suborder: Caniformia ("dog-like" carnivorans) *** Suborder: Feliformia ("cat-like" carnivorans) *** ''Incertae sedis'': **** Genus: †'' Palaeogale'' ** Superfamily: †Miacoidea *** Family: †Miacidae *** Family: †Viverravidae *** ''Incertae sedis'': **** †'' "Sinopa" insectivorus'' ** ''Incertae sedis'': *** Genus: †'' Ravenictis'' *** † C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodonta
Hyaenodonta (" hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental pan-carnivoran mammals from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size) and ''Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus ''Hyaenodon'') was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 3.0 m long and weighed about 330 kg, most of hyaenodonts were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Because of their size range, it is probable that di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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