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Oxilofrine
Oxilofrine (also known as methylsynephrine, hydroxyephrine, oxyephrine, and 4-HMP) is a stimulant drug and is an amphetamine chemically related to ephedrine and to synephrine. Oxilofrine is currently a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited substance when used in competition. It has been found as an adulterant in some dietary supplements. Even after receiving warning letters from the FDA, some sports and weight loss supplement companies continue to use oxilofrine as an undeclared ingredient in their products despite it being prohibited. History Oxilofrine was originally developed in the 1930s as a cardiac stimulant. Trade names included Suprifen (Bayer) and, combined with an adenosine-containing standardized organ extract, Carnigen (Hoechst AG). In combination with normethadone, it was marketed as a cough suppressant under the trade name Ticarda. As of 2021, this formulation was still manufactured in Canada by Valeant and sold as Cophylac. Several other stimulants and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asafa Powell
Asafa Powell, CD (born 23 November 1982) is a retired Jamaican sprinter who specialised in the 100 metres. He set the 100 metres world record twice, between June 2005 and May 2008 with times of 9.77 and 9.74 seconds. Powell has consistently broken the 10-second barrier in competition, with his personal best of 9.72 s ranking fourth on the all-time list of men's 100-metre athletes. As of 1 September 2016, Powell has broken the ten-second barrier more times than anyone else—97 times. He currently holds the world record for the 100-yard dash with a time of 9.09 s, set on 27 May 2010 in Ostrava, Czech Republic. At the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay. Powell competed in the 100 m at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympics, finishing fifth in 2004 and 2008 and eighth after injuring his groin during the race in 2012. At the 2007 Osaka World Championships, he won a bronze and a silver medal in the 100 m and 4 x 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flávia Oliveira
Flávia Maria de Oliveira Paparella (born 27 October 1981) is a Brazilian racing cyclist. She competed in the 2013 UCI Women's World Championship Road Race in Florence, as well as the 2014 UCI Women's Road World Championships in Ponferrada. She competed at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro where she finished in seventh place, the highest placed finish for a Brazilian rider in any Olympic cycling event. Oliveira is a past winner of the mountains classification at the Giro d'Italia Femminile in 2015, the Brazilian National Road Race Championships, and she was the winner of the general and mountain classifications at the 2016 Tour Cycliste Féminin International de l'Ardèche. During a coaching session early in Oliveira's career, she recorded one of the highest V̇O2 max scores ever across all athletics for females. Controls In June 2009, in her first year as a professional, Oliveira tested positive for oxilofrine, a stimulant, while racing with the Italian professiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Billy Joe Saunders
Billy Joe Saunders (born 30 August 1989) is a British professional boxer. He is the first fighter from the Travelling community to win world championships in two weight classes, including the WBO middleweight title from 2015 to 2018 and the WBO super-middleweight title from 2019 to 2021. At regional level he held the European, British, and Commonwealth middleweight titles between 2012 and 2015. Saunders represented Great Britain at the 2008 Olympics as an amateur, reaching the second round of the welterweight bracket. In the same year, he won gold at the EU Championships. On 19 December 2015, Saunders made history by competing in the first world title fight contested between two members of the travelling community with his opponent Andy Lee; Saunders won the bout by majority decision to become WBO middleweight champion. Early life Originally from Cheshunt, Saunders grew up in a Romanichal travelling community near Hatfield, Hertfordshire. His great-grandfather, Absolom B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sherone Simpson
Sherone Simpson (born 12 August 1984) is a Jamaican track and field sprint athlete.Athlete biography: Sherone Simpson beijing2008.cn, ret: 27 Aug 2008 She is a ist in the from the and |
Hoàng Anh Tuấn
Hoàng Anh Tuấn (born 12 February 1985 in Bắc Ninh Province) is a Vietnamese weightlifter. At the 2005 Junior World Championships, he won the silver medal in the men's -56 kg class, with a total of 276 kg. He participated in the men's -56 kg class at the 2005 World Weightlifting Championships and won the bronze medal, with a total of 279 kg. Tuấn participated in the men’s -56 kg class at the 2006 World Weightlifting Championships and won the bronze medal, finishing behind Li Zheng and Sergio Álvarez Boulet. He snatched 124 kg and jerked an additional 152 kg for a total of 276 kg, 4 kg behind winner Li. He also won a silver medal at the 2006 Asian Games, at 56 kg, lifting 128 kg in the snatch and 157 kg in the clean and jerk, for a total of 285 kg. At the 2008 Asian Weightlifting Championships, he won the gold medal in the men's -56 kg class, with a total of 279 kg. He won a silver medal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buphenine
Buphenine (or nylidrin; trade name Arlidin) is a β2 adrenoreceptor agonist that acts as a vasodilator. It was developed as a chemical derivative of oxilofrine, and first reported in the literature in 1950. See also *Isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine (used as isoxsuprine hydrochloride) is a drug used as a vasodilator in humans (under the trade name Duvadilan) and equines. Isoxsuprine is a β2 adrenoreceptor agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth musc ... References Beta2-adrenergic agonists NMDA receptor antagonists Phenols Phenylethanolamines {{genito-urinary-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synephrine
Synephrine, or, more specifically, ''p''-synephrine, is an alkaloid, occurring naturally in some plants and animals, and also in approved drugs products as its ''m''-substituted analog known as neo-synephrine. ''p''-Synephrine (or formerly Sympatol and oxedrine British_Approved_Name">BAN.html" ;"title="British_Approved_Name.html" ;"title="nowiki/>British Approved Name">BAN">British_Approved_Name.html" ;"title="nowiki/>British Approved Name">BAN and ''m''-synephrine are known for their longer acting adrenergic effects compared to epinephrine and norepinephrine. This substance is present at very low concentrations in common foodstuffs such as orange juice and other orange (''Citrus'' species) products, both of the "sweet" and "bitter" variety. The preparations used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), also known as Zhi Shi (枳实), are the immature and dried whole oranges from ''Citrus aurantium'' (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus). Extracts of the same material or purified synephrine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 World Championships In Athletics
The 14th IAAF World Championships in Athletics (Moscow 2013) () was an international athletics competition held in Moscow, Russia, from 10–18 August 2013. Initially, Russia won the most gold medals to top the table for the first time since 2001. It was also the first time ever the host nation took the top of the medal table. However, after disqualification of Russian sprinter Antonina Krivoshapka for doping and following redistribution of medals in the Women's 4 × 400 metres relay (as well as after series of other disqualifications of Russian athletes for doping offences), United States topped the medal table with eight golds. In the overall medal count, the United States won 26 medals in total, followed by Kenya with 12. With 1,784 athletes from 203 countries it was the biggest single sports event of the year. The number of spectators for the evening sessions was 268,548 surpassing Daegu 2011. Jamaica's Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce both won three gold medals in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Summer Olympics
The 2008 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad () and also known as Beijing 2008 (), were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China. A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 28 sports and 302 events, one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics. This was the first time China had hosted the Olympic Games, and the third time the Summer Olympic Games had been held in East Asia, following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, and the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. These were also the second Summer Olympic Games to be held in a communist state, the first being the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union (with venues in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Estonia). Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001, having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after two rounds o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have Sympathomimetic drug, sympathomimetic effects. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or Prohibition (drugs), illicitly) as performance-enhancing substance, performance-enhancing or recreational drug use, recreational drugs. Among narcotics, stimulants produce a noticeable crash or ''Comedown (drugs), comedown'' at the end of their effects. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamine (Adderall). It was estimated in 2015 that the percentage of the world population that had used cocaine during a year was 0.4%. For the category "amphetamines and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Arbitration For Sport
The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS; french: Tribunal arbitral du sport, ''TAS'') is an international body established in 1984 to settle disputes related to sport through arbitration. Its headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland and its courts are located in New York City, Sydney, and Lausanne. Temporary courts are established in current Olympic host cities. The International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS) was established simultaneously, and a single president presides over both bodies. The ICAS, which has a membership of 20 individuals, is responsible for the financing of and financial reporting by the CAS, and it appoints the Director-General of the CAS. Jurisdiction and appeals Generally speaking, a dispute may be submitted to the CAS only if an arbitration agreement between the parties specifies recourse to the CAS. However, according to rule 61 of the Olympic Charter, all disputes in connection with the Olympic Games can only be submitted to CAS,Internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. Since 2018, the paper's main news ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
