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Otroci Socializma
Otroci ( sr-Cyrl, отроци) is a Serbian word literally meaning 'children' ( sr, отрок, otrok, child). The meaning of the word implies a higher degree of dependence of this population category. They represented a category of dependent people who, by their legal and social standing, were at the bottom of the social ladder. In Serbian histography, the word ''otrok'' (plural ''otroci'') has brought up many discussions. Many historians have argued about the meaning of the word otrok and its role in medieval Serbian state. Some argued that otroci were slaves, while others opposed that opinion, but both sides had arguments for their statements. Dusan’s Code ( Serbian: Душанов законик, ''Dušanov zakonik'', known historically as ''Закон благовјернаго цара Стефана'' – Law of the pious Emperor Stefan) has had multiple translations during the 19th and 20th centuries (German, English, French, Polish, Russian, etc.), but it has just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Status
Social status is the level of social value a person is considered to possess. More specifically, it refers to the relative level of respect, honour, assumed competence, and deference accorded to people, groups, and organizations in a society. Status is based in widely shared ''beliefs'' about who members of a society think holds comparatively more or less social value, in other words, who they believe is better in terms of competence or moral traits. Status is determined by the possession of various characteristics culturally believed to indicate superiority or inferiority (e.g., confident manner of speech or race). As such, people use status hierarchies to allocate resources, leadership positions, and other forms of power. In doing so, these shared cultural beliefs make unequal distributions of resources and power appear natural and fair, supporting systems of social stratification. Status hierarchies appear to be universal across human societies, affording valued benefits to those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion
Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements; however, there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith,Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. Harper Perennial; (p. 1). a supernatural being or supernatural beings or "some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life". Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of deities or saints), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human cultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rade Mihaljčić
Rade Mihaljčić ( sr-cyr, Раде Михаљчић; 21 January 1937 – 26 March 2020) was a Serbian historian and academic. Most of his works deal with medieval Serbia, especially the Serbian empire and the Battle of Kosovo.Encyclopedia of Serbian Historiography, Sima Ćirković and Rade Mihaljčić (eds.), Belgrade, 1997. Major works Monographies: * ''The Fall of the Serbian Empire'' (Kraj Srpskog carstva), 1975. * ''Lazar Hrebeljanović - istorija, kult, predanje'', 1984. * ''Heroes of the Kosovo Legends'' (Junaci kosovske legende), 1989. * ''The Battle of Kosovo The Battle of Kosovo ( tr, Kosova Savaşı; sr, Косовска битка) took place on 15 June 1389 between an army led by the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović and an invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan ... in History and in Popular Tradition'', 1989. * ''Bezimeni junak'', 1995. * ''Boj na Kosovu u bugaršticama i epskim pesmama kratkog stiha'', 1995, co-author with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Nobility In The Middle Ages
In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The Serbian nobility (''srpska vlastela'', ''srpsko vlastelinstvo'' or ''srpsko plemstvo'') were roughly grouped into magnates (''velikaši'' or ''velmože''), the upper stratum, and the lesser nobility (''vlasteličići''). Serbia followed the government model established by the Byzantine Empire. The nobility possessed hereditary allodial estates, which were worked by dependent ''sebri'', the equivalent of Byzantine ''paroikoi''; peasants owing labour services, formally bound by decree. The nobility was obliged to serve the monarch in war. Hierarchy The nobility (''vlastela, vlastelinstvo'' or ''plemstvo'') of Serbia in the Middle Ages is roughly divided into magnates ('' velikaši'' or ''velmože''), nobility and petty noblemen (''vlasteličići''). Sometimes, the division is made between ''vlastela'' (including "great" and "small" ones) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meropsi
The ''sebri'' ( sr-cyr, себри) was the lower-half social class, commoners, of the medieval Serbian state. The status of the groups comprising the class was regulated in medieval code of laws, such as ''Dušan's Code'' (1349). It included several groups, mainly divided into: *The ''meropsi'' (меропси) or ''merophe'' (меропхе), dependent farmers. Other terms included ''zemljanin'' ("earthen an, from ''zemlja'', "land"), ''Srbljin'' (from the Serb ethnonym), or ''zemljani ljudi'' ("earthen folk"). They served either the ruler, the church, or nobility. Medieval sources allows for understanding the legal position of the church's meropsi, while that of the ruler's and nobility's ''meropsi'' is deemed insufficient. The fact that there were three groups implies that their status was not identical, however, it has been established that their status did essentially not differ. *The ''vlasi'' (власи) or ''pastiri'' (пастири), dependent shepherds. The multitude an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sebri
The ''sebri'' ( sr-cyr, себри) was the lower-half social class, commoners, of the medieval Serbian state. The status of the groups comprising the class was regulated in medieval code of laws, such as ''Dušan's Code'' (1349). It included several groups, mainly divided into: *The ''meropsi'' (меропси) or ''merophe'' (меропхе), dependent farmers. Other terms included ''zemljanin'' ("earthen an, from ''zemlja'', "land"), ''Srbljin'' (from the Serb ethnonym), or ''zemljani ljudi'' ("earthen folk"). They served either the ruler, the church, or nobility. Medieval sources allows for understanding the legal position of the church's meropsi, while that of the ruler's and nobility's ''meropsi'' is deemed insufficient. The fact that there were three groups implies that their status was not identical, however, it has been established that their status did essentially not differ. *The ''vlasi'' (власи) or ''pastiri'' (пастири), dependent shepherds. The multitude an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uglješa Mrnjavčević
Jovan Uglješa Mrnjavčević ( sr-Cyrl, Јован Угљеша Мрњавчевић; fl. 1346–1371), known as Jovan Uglješa ( sr-Cyrl, Јован Угљеша), was a Serbian medieval nobleman of the Mrnjavčević family and one of the most prominent magnates of the Serbian Empire. He held the title of '' despot'', received from Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V, whose co-ruler - Serbian King Vukašin was brother of Uglješa. Life Uglješa was the son of Mrnjava, a treasurer of Helen of Anjou, the queen consort of Stephen Uroš I of Serbia. He held Travunia in 1346, during the rule of Stefan Dušan (1331–1355).''Književno delo monahinje Jefimije'', p. 1 Uglješa married Jelena (later nun Jefimija), daughter of Vojihna, the ''Caesar'' of Drama.Fajfric, p. 5 This boosted the power of Uglješa, who would later govern the region alongside his father-in-law. Vojihna died in ca 1360, and his lands were inherited by Jovan Uglješa. He was given the title of ''despotes'' by Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikita Pedijasim
Nikita may refer to: * Nikita (given name) * Nikita, Crimea, a town in Crimea * Nikita the Tanner, a character in East Slavic folklore Film and television *''Little Nikita'', a 1988 film * ''La Femme Nikita'' (film), also known as ''Nikita'', a 1990 French-language film starring Anne Parillaud and directed by Luc Besson ** ''Point of No Return'' (film), a 1993 American adaptation of the 1990 film ''Nikita'' starring Bridget Fonda and directed by John Badham ** ''La Femme Nikita'' (TV series), a 1997–2001 Canadian television series based on 1990 film by Luc Besson, broadcast as ''Nikita'' in Canada, starring Peta Wilson ** ''Nikita'' (TV series), a 2010–2013 American television series on The CW starring Maggie Q Music * NikitA Nikita may refer to: * Nikita (given name) * Nikita, Crimea, a town in Crimea * Nikita the Tanner, a character in East Slavic folklore Film and television *''Little Nikita'', a 1988 film * ''La Femme Nikita'' (film), also known as ''Nikita'', a 19 ..., ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (; el, Έλληνες, ''Éllines'' ) are an ethnic group and nation indigenous to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea regions, namely Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt, and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora (), with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people themselves have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities. Private property is distinguishable from public property and personal property, which is owned by a state entity, and from collective or cooperative property, which is owned by a group of non-governmental entities. Private property is foundational to capitalism, an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. The distinction between private and personal property varies depending on political philosophy, with socialist perspectives making a hard distinction between the two. As a legal concept, private property is defined and enforced by a country's political system. History Ideas about and discussion of private property date back to the Persian Empire, and emerge in the Western tradition at least as far back as Plato. Prior to the 18th century, English speakers generally used the word "property" in reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meropsi
The ''sebri'' ( sr-cyr, себри) was the lower-half social class, commoners, of the medieval Serbian state. The status of the groups comprising the class was regulated in medieval code of laws, such as ''Dušan's Code'' (1349). It included several groups, mainly divided into: *The ''meropsi'' (меропси) or ''merophe'' (меропхе), dependent farmers. Other terms included ''zemljanin'' ("earthen an, from ''zemlja'', "land"), ''Srbljin'' (from the Serb ethnonym), or ''zemljani ljudi'' ("earthen folk"). They served either the ruler, the church, or nobility. Medieval sources allows for understanding the legal position of the church's meropsi, while that of the ruler's and nobility's ''meropsi'' is deemed insufficient. The fact that there were three groups implies that their status was not identical, however, it has been established that their status did essentially not differ. *The ''vlasi'' (власи) or ''pastiri'' (пастири), dependent shepherds. The multitude an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
