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Oryctocephalus Indicus
''Oryctocephalus indicus'' is a species of corynexochid trilobite from the Cambrian. Its first appearance is proposed for the lower boundary of the Wuliuan, which corresponds to the beginning of the Miaolingian (The other proposal was ''Ovatoryctocara granulata''). The species was first described by the British paleontologist Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossi ... Frederick Richard Cowper Reed in 1910 as ''Zacanthoides indicus''. It was transferred to the genus '' Oryctocephalus'' by the American paleontologist Charles Elmer Resser in 1938. References Oryctocephalidae Cambrian trilobites Fossil taxa described in 1910 Index fossils {{Corynexochida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corynexochida
Corynexochida is an order of trilobite that lived from the Lower Cambrian to the Late Devonian. Like many of the other trilobite orders, Corynexochida contains many species with widespread characteristics. The middle region of the cephalon (the glabella) is typically elongate, with the sides often spreading forward (pestle-shaped). Some species have glabellae that are ''effaced'', meaning they are smooth and show little detail. The glabellar furrows (when not effaced) typically have a splayed arrangement. In most species, the hind pair on either side of the cephalon become spines that point sharply backwards, and the spinose tips of the anterior pairs of thoracic segments tend to become more and more forward directed toward the pygidium The pygidium (plural pygidia) is the posterior body part or shield of crustaceans and some other arthropods, such as insects and the extinct trilobites. In groups other than insects, it contains the anus and, in females, the ovipositor. It is comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilobite
Trilobites (; meaning "three lobes") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest-known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period () and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic before slipping into a long decline, when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except the Proetida died out. The last extant trilobites finally disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 252 million years ago. Trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for almost 270 million years, with over 22,000 species having been described. By the time trilobites first appeared in the fossil record, they were already highly diversified and geographically dispersed. Because trilobites had wide diversity and an easily fossilized exoskeleton, they left an extensive fossil record. The stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambrian
The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized C with bar, Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period mya. Its subdivisions, and its base, are somewhat in flux. The period was established as "Cambrian series" by Adam Sedgwick, who named it after Cambria, the Latin name for 'Cymru' (Wales), where Britain's Cambrian rocks are best exposed. Sedgwick identified the layer as part of his task, along with Roderick Murchison, to subdivide the large "Transition Series", although the two geologists disagreed for a while on the appropriate categorization. The Cambrian is unique in its unusually high proportion of sedimentary deposits, sites of exceptional preservation where "soft" parts of organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. As a result, our understanding of the Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wuliuan
The Wuliuan stage is the fifth stage of the Cambrian, and the first stage of the Miaolingian Series of the Cambrian. It was formally defined by the ICS in 2018. Its base is defined by the first appearance of the trilobite species ''Oryctocephalus indicus''; it ends with the beginning of the Drumian Stage, marked by the first appearance of the trilobite ''Ptychagnostus atavus'' around million years ago. The 'golden spike' that formally defines the base of the period is driven into the Wuliu-Zengjiayan(乌溜-曾家崖)section of the Kaili formation, near Balang Village in the Miaoling Mountains, Guizhou, China. GSSP Three sections were discussed as GSSP candidates: the Wuliu-Zengjiayan section near Balang in Guizhou province (China), a section on Split Mountain in Nevada (USA) and the "Molodo river section" along the Molodo river (Sakha Republic, Russia). The Wuliu-Zengjiayan section is an outcrop of the Kaili Formation in the Wuliu quarry. The first candidate for the beginn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miaolingian
The Miaolingian is the third Series of the Cambrian Period, and was formally named in 2018. It lasted from about to million years ago and is divided in ascending order into 3 stages: the Wuliuan, Drumian, and Guzhangian. The Miaolingian is preceded by the unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and succeeded by the Furongian series. Definition A number of proposals for fossils and type sections were made before it was formally ratified in 2018. The most promising fossil markers were seen to be the respective first appearances of either trilobite species ''Ovatoryctocara granulata'' or ''Oryctocephalus indicus'', which both have an age close to million years ago. After some deliberation, the FAD of ''Oryctocephalus indicus'' was chosen to be the lower boundary marker, and the GSSP was placed in Wuliu-Zengjiayan, Guizhou, China. The Miaolingian-Furongian boundary has the same definition as the Paibian Stage. It is defined as the first appearance of ''Glyptagnostus reticulatus ''Glyptagn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovatoryctocara Granulata
''Ovatoryctocara granulata'' is a species of corynexochid trilobite from the Cambrian. Its first appearance is one of the proposals for the base of Wuliuan (The other proposal having been ''Oryctocephalus indicus''). The species was first formally described by the Russian paleontologist N.Ye. Tchernysheva in 1962. ''Ovatoryctocara granulata'' appears close to the base of the ''Ovatoryctocara'' trilobite zone Trilobites are used as index fossils to subdivide the Cambrian period. Assemblages of trilobites define trilobite zones. The ''Olenellus''-zone has traditionally marked the top of the Lower Cambrian, and is followed by the '' Eokochaspis'' zone. ... and can be found up to the ''Kounamkites'' zone. References Oryctocephalidae Cambrian trilobites Fossil taxa described in 1962 Index fossils {{Corynexochida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleontologist
Paleontology (), also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present). It includes the study of fossils to classify organisms and study their interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). Paleontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century BC. The science became established in the 18th century as a result of Georges Cuvier's work on comparative anatomy, and developed rapidly in the 19th century. The term itself originates from Greek (, "old, ancient"), (, ( gen. ), "being, creature"), and (, "speech, thought, study"). Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of anatomically modern humans. It now uses techniques drawn from a wide range of sciences, including biochemistry, mathematics, and engineering. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Richard Cowper Reed
Frederick Richard Cowper Reed (27 June 1860 – 8 February 1946) was an English paleontologist and geologist who studied invertebrate fossils mainly in Britain but also travelled and wrote a book on the geology of the British Empire. Reed was born in London and studied at Harrow before going to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he passed with first class in the Natural Tripos part I (1891) and part 2 (1892). He won the Harkness scholarship for geology and paleontology as well as the Sedgwick Prize in 1901 for his work on the geological history of the East Yorkshire rivers. He received an Sc.D. in 1914. He worked at the Woodwardian Museum from 1892 initially as an assistant. Reed spent most of the interwar period abroad, living in Southern Rhodesia from 1922 to 1933 where he helped to examine and identify remains of the Massospondylus and Coelophysis. From 1933 to early 1935 he lived in the Tanganyika Territory where he worked on the remains of the Kentrosaurus before returning home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryctocephalus
''Oryctocephalus'' is a genus of trilobite known from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. 24 specimens of ''Oryctocephalus'' are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.42% of the community. This small- to medium-sized trilobite's major characteristics are prominent eye ridges, pleural spines, long genal spines, spines on the pygidium, and notably four furrows connecting pairs of pits on its glabella The glabella, in humans, is the area of skin between the eyebrows and above the nose. The term also refers to the underlying bone that is slightly depressed, and joins the two brow ridges. It is a cephalometric landmark that is just superior to .... Juvenile specimens have been found with only 5 or 6 thoracic segments and about one eighth of adult size, as well as about 2 mm wide.Coppold, Murray and Wayne Powell (2006). ''A Geoscience Guide to the Burgess Shale'', p.60. The Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation, Field, British Columbia. . References Ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Elmer Resser
Charles Elmer Resser (28 April 188918 September 1943) was an American paleontologist, born in East Berlin, Pennsylvania. He was educated at Pennsylvania State Teachers College (graduation in 1912), Franklin and Marshall College (B.A., 1913), Princeton University (M.A., 1915) and George Washington University (Ph.D., 1917). Resser developed an interest in Cambrian fossils when he was a student of H. Justin Roddy at Franklin and Marshall College. Career In 1914 Resser came to the United States National Museum as an assistant to Walcott. He was appointed Assistant Curator in the Division of Paleontology in 1915. Further positions were Assistant Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology (1923), Associate Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology (1924-1928), Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology (1929-1940); and Curator, Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany (1941-1943). Resser was a part-time faculty member at George Washington University from 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryctocephalidae
Oryctocephalidae is an extinct family of trilobite in the order Corynexochida. There are more than 20 genera and 60 described species in Oryctocephalidae. Genera These 27 genera belong to the family Oryctocephalidae: * '' Oryctometopus'' Tomashpol'skaya, 1964 * † '' Arthricocephalus'' Bergeron, 1899 * † '' Changaspis'' Lee, 1963 * † '' Cheiruroides'' Kobayashi, 1935 * † '' Curvoryctocephalus'' Zhao & Yuan, 2001 * † '' Duyunaspis'' Chien & Lin, 1978 * † '' Feilongshania'' Qian & Lin, 1980 * † '' Goldfieldia'' Palmer, 1964 * † '' Hunanocephalus'' Lee, 1963 * † '' Kunshanaspis'' Zhang & Zhou, 1985 * † '' Metabalangia'' Qian & Yuan, 1980 * † '' Metarthricocephalus'' Zhao & Yuan, 2001 * † '' Microryctocara'' Sundberg & McCollum, 1997 * † '' Oryctocara'' Walcott, 1908 * † '' Oryctocephalina'' Tomashpolskaya, 1961 * † '' Oryctocephalites'' Resser, 1939 * † '' Oryctocephaloides'' Yuan, 1980 * † '' Oryctocephalops'' Lermontova, 1940 * † ''Oryctocephalus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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