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Orussoidea
Orussoidea is a superfamily of sawflies. It contains the living family Orussidae, as well as the extinct families Burmorussidae and Paroryssidae. They are the group of sawflies closest to the Apocrita, the group containing wasps, bees and ants, with both groups together forming the clade Euhymenoptera. Like most members of Apocrita, but unlike other sawflies, members of the superfamily are parasitoids. Taxonomy * Burmorussidae Qi Zhang, Dmitry S. Kopylov and A. P. Rasnitsyn, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) ** ''Burmorussus'' Qi Zhang, Dmitry S. Kopylov and A. P. Rasnitsyn, 2020 ** ''Cretorussus'' Jouault, Perrichot & Nel, 2021 * Paroryssidae Martynov 1925 ** ''Microryssus'' Rasnitsyn 1968 Karabastau Formation Kazakhstan, Middle-Late Jurassic (Callovian/Oxfordian (stage), Oxfordian) ** ''Paroryssus'' Martynov 1925 Karabastau Formation Kazakhstan, Middle-Late Jurassic (Callovian/Oxfordian (stage), Oxfordian) ** ''Praeoryssus'' Rasnitsyn 1968 Karabastau F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orussidae
The Orussidae or the parasitic wood wasps represent a small family of sawflies (" Symphyta"). Currently, about 93 extant and four fossil species are known. They take a key position in phylogenetic analyses of Hymenoptera, because they form the sister taxon of the megadiverse apocritan wasps, and the common ancestor of Orussidae + Apocrita evolved parasitism for the first time in course of the evolution of the Hymenoptera. They are also the only sawflies with carnivorous larvae. Description Adults The fully winged wasps are 2−23 mm long. They are predominantly black but species of ''Chalinus'', ''Mocsarya'' and ''Orussobaius'' are more or less metallic. Some species have a red thorax or abdomen and conspicuous white or golden pilosity. Many ''Orussus'' species bear white spots on the legs. The antennae of males are composed of 11, those of females of 10 articles. The modified distal antennal articles of females (article 9 enlarged, article 10 very small) are involved in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karatavitidae
Karatavitidae is an extinct family of sawflies, known from the Jurassic period, they are the only members of the superfamily Karatavitoidea. While once proposed to be grouped with the Orussoidea in the infraorder Orussomorpha, they are now considered to be the closest relatives of clade containing Orussoidea and Apocrita. There are about 7 genera in Karatavitidae. Genera These seven genera belong to the family Karatavitidae: * † '' Grimmaratavites'' Rasnitsyn, Ansorge & Zhang, 2006 Green Series, Germany, Early Jurassic (Toarcian) * † '' Karatavites'' Rasnitsyn, 1963 Karabastau Formation Kazakhstan, Middle-Late Jurassic (Callovian/ Oxfordian), Daohugou The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ..., China, Callovian * † '' Postxiphydria'' Rasnitsyn & Zhang, 2010 Karabast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apocrita
Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera. It includes wasps, bees, and ants, and consists of many families. It contains the most advanced hymenopterans and is distinguished from Symphyta by the narrow "waist" ( petiole) formed between the first two segments of the actual abdomen; the first abdominal segment is fused to the thorax, and is called the propodeum. Therefore, it is general practice, when discussing the body of an apocritan in a technical sense, to refer to the mesosoma and metasoma (or gaster) rather than the "thorax" and "abdomen", respectively. The evolution of a constricted waist was an important adaption for the parasitoid lifestyle of the ancestral apocritan, allowing more maneuverability of the female's ovipositor. The ovipositor either extends freely or is retracted, and may be developed into a stinger for both defense and paralyzing prey. Larvae are legless and blind, and either feed inside a host (plant or animal) or in a nest cell provisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable strategy, evolutionary strategies within parasitism, distinguished by the fatal prognosis for the host, which makes the strategy close to predation. Among parasitoids, strategies range from living inside the host (''endoparasitism''), allowing it to continue growing before emerging as an adult, to Paralysis, paralysing the host and living outside it (''ectoparasitism''). Hosts can include other parasitoids, resulting in hyperparasitism; in the case of oak galls, up to five levels of parasitism are possible. Some parasitoids Behavior-altering parasite, influence their host's behaviour in ways that favour the propagation of the parasitoid. Parasitoids are found in a variety of Taxon, taxa across the insect superorder Endopterygota, whose compl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karabastau Formation
The Karabastau Formation ( kk, Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that has been studied since the early 20th century, alongside the rarer remains of vertebrates, including pterosaurs, salamanders, lizards and crocodiles.Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., Edwards, N.P., & Milner, A.R. Pterosaur distribution in time and space: an atlas. p61-107. in Flugsaurier: Pterosaur papers in honour of Peter Wellnhofer. 2008. Hone, D.W.E., and Buffetaut, E. (eds). Zitteliana B, 28. 264p/ref> Lithology and depositional environment The primary lithology consists of 1 mm thick varve laminations of claystone, with a dark part and a light dolomitic part, which probably correspond to a wet and dry season respectively, alongside rare, several cm thick sandstone interbeds. These were deposited within an ancient freshwater paleol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turonian
The Turonian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the second age in the Late Cretaceous Epoch, or a stage in the Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 93.9 ± 0.8 Ma and 89.8 ± 1 Ma (million years ago). The Turonian is preceded by the Cenomanian Stage and underlies the Coniacian Stage. At the beginning of the Turonian an oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2) took place, also referred to as the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event or the "Bonarelli Event". Stratigraphic definition The Turonian (French: ''Turonien'') was defined by the French paleontologist Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857) in 1842. Orbigny named it after the French city of Tours in the region of Touraine (department Indre-et-Loire), which is the original type locality. The base of the Turonian Stage is defined as the place where the ammonite species '' Watinoceras devonense'' first appears in the stratigraphic column. The official reference profile (the GSSP) for the base of the Turonian is located in the Roc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxfordian (stage)
The Oxfordian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the earliest age of the Late Jurassic Epoch, or the lowest stage of the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 163.5 ± 1.0 Ma and 157.3 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago). The Oxfordian is preceded by the Callovian and is followed by the Kimmeridgian. Stratigraphic definitions The Oxfordian Stage was called "Clunch Clay and Shale" by William Smith (1815–1816); in 1818 W. Buckland described them under the unwieldy title "Oxford, Forest or Fen Clay". The term Oxfordian was introduced by Alcide d'Orbigny in 1844. The name is derived from the English city of Oxford, where the beds are well developed, but they crop out almost continuously from Dorset to the coast of Yorkshire, generally forming low, broad valleys. They are well exposed at Weymouth, Oxford, Bedford, Peterborough, and in the cliffs at Scarborough, Red Cliff and Gristhorpe Bay. Rocks of this age are found also in Uig and Skye. The base of the Oxfordian Stage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callovian
In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the Oxfordian. Stratigraphic definitions The Callovian Stage was first described by French palaeontologist Alcide d'Orbigny in 1852. Its name derives from the latinized name for Kellaways Bridge, a small hamlet 3 km north-east of Chippenham, Wiltshire, England. The base of the Callovian is defined as the place in the stratigraphic column where the ammonite genus ''Kepplerites'' first appears, which is the base of the biozone of '' Macrocephalites herveyi''. A global reference profile (a GSSP) for the base had in 2009 not yet been assigned. The top of the Callovian (the base of the Oxfordian) is at the first appearance of ammonite species '' Brightia thuouxensis''. Subdivision The Callovian is often subdivided into three substages ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orussus Abietinus
''Orussus'' is a genus of parasitic wood wasps in the family Orussidae. There are about 30 described species in ''Orussus''. Species * ''Orussus abietinus'' (Scopoli, 1763) * '' Orussus afer'' Guiglia, 1937 * '' Orussus areolatus'' Blank & Vilhelmsen, 2014 * '' Orussus bensoni'' Guiglia, 1937 * '' Orussus boninensis'' Yasumatsu, 1954 * '' Orussus brunneus'' Shinohara & Smith, 1983 * '' Orussus coreanus'' Takeuchi, 1938 * '' Orussus decoomani'' Maa, 1950 * '' Orussus hanumanus'' Vilhelmsen & Blank, 2014 * '' Orussus japonicus'' Tosawa, 1930 * '' Orussus loriae'' Mantero, 1899 * '' Orussus melanosoma'' Lee & Wei, 2014 * '' Orussus minutus'' Middlekauff, 1983 * '' Orussus moroi'' Guiglia, 1954 * '' Orussus occidentalis'' Cresson, 1879 * ''Orussus punctulatissimus'' Blank & Vilhelmsen, 2014 * '' Orussus rufipes'' Tsuneki, 1963 * '' Orussus sayii'' Westwood, 1835 * ''Orussus schoutedeni'' Guiglia, 1937 * ''Orussus scutator'' (Benson, 1955) * ''Orussus smithi'' Blank, Kraus & Taeger, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.JPG "Click for more on -> Karabastau Formation")
