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Oreophrynella
''Oreophrynella'', commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of '' Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'', which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui. Description Species of the genus ''Oreophrynella'' are small frogs, less than in snout–vent length. They are characterized by opposable digits of the foot, dorsal skin that bears tubercules, and direct development (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage). The presence of opposable digits, unique among bufonids, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, is likely to be an adaptation to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality The genus also displays cranial Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella
''Oreophrynella'', commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of '' Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'', which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui. Description Species of the genus ''Oreophrynella'' are small frogs, less than in snout–vent length. They are characterized by opposable digits of the foot, dorsal skin that bears tubercules, and direct development (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage). The presence of opposable digits, unique among bufonids, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, is likely to be an adaptation to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality The genus also displays cranial Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Seegobini
''Oreophrynella'', commonly known as bush toads, is a genus of true toads native to the tepuis of southern Venezuela and adjacent Guyana. The distribution of some species is restricted to a couple of tepuis or even a single tepui, as in the case of ''Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'', which occurs on Wei-Assipu-tepui. Description Species of the genus ''Oreophrynella'' are small frogs, less than in snout–vent length. They are characterized by opposable digits of the foot, dorsal skin that bears tubercules, and direct development (i.e., there is no free-living larval stage). The presence of opposable digits, unique among bufonids, in combination with an extension of the interdigital integument and the relative length/orientation of the digits, is likely to be an adaptation to facilitate life on rocky tepui summits and an exaptation to arboreality The genus also displays cranial Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Quelchii
''Oreophrynella quelchii'', commonly known as the Roraima black frog or Roraima bush toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. This species is restricted to the transboundary summit of Mount Roraima in Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil, and to the nearby Wei-Assipu-tepui on the Brazil–Guyana border. It has been recorded at elevations of above sea level. History and etymology ''Oreophrynella quelchii'' was described as ''Oreophryne Quelchii'' by George Albert Boulenger in 1895. The description was based on one of the several specimens collected from the summit of Mount Roraima by Mr. J. J. Quelch and Mr. F. McConnell. The species was named for the former. Description The holotype, a male, measures in snout–vent length. Coloration is black, but the throat and belly are spotted or marbled with bright yellow, also described as bright orange with black mottling. Webbing between the fingers and toes is moderate (basal). The dorsum has a high density of tubercles of vario ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Weiassipuensis
''Oreophrynella weiassipuensis'' is a species of toads in the family Bufonidae. It is only known from Wei-Assipu-tepui, a tepui on the border between Brazil and Guyana. The holotype was collected in 2000 by a speleological expedition to Wei-Assipu-tepui. No other specimens are known. It is possible that it is present in other localities, but most species of ''Oreophrynella'' are endemic to a single mountain. Description The holotype, an adult male, measures in snout–vent length. Its characteristics are well developed post-orbital crests, well-developed webbing in hands and feet, dorsal skin that is minutely granular with scattered large tubercles particularly on the upper eyelids and flanks, and reddish brown dorsal and ventral coloration. The tympanum is absent. Habitat and conservation The only known individual was found on moss in a wet forest at the bottom of a large chasm at above sea level. There are no known threats to this species. The Brazilian part of the mountain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Nigra
''Oreophrynella nigra'', or pebble toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Guiana Highlands in Bolívar State, Venezuela, and known from two tepuis, Kukenan-tepui and Yuruani-tepui, both belonging to the Eastern Tepuis. Description and behaviour It is a small species of toad: males measure and females in snout–vent length. When threatened, the toad folds its limbs under its body, tucks its head in and tenses in a ball shape. If on an incline (this is how it gets its name), this causes it to roll down the slope, escaping the attention of its predator, and looking like a dislodged pebble. Its cryptic black and dark grey coloring that may appear as dark navy blue to some blends with its sandstone habitat. Habitat and conservation Its natural habitats are rocks and peat bogs in montane tepui environments at elevations of asl. It is classified as vulnerable because of its apparently restricted range. Media interest This toad was featured on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Dendronastes
''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ...s. Incapable of leaping and able to crawl slowly, it can evade predators such as snakes by falling through the tree canopy to safety, its small size protecting it from injury. ''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is also called the waterfall toad. References Oreophrynella Amphibians described in 1900 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Guayana Esequiba {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Macconnelli
''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Guyana, Venezuela, and possibly Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ...s. Incapable of leaping and able to crawl slowly, it can evade predators such as snakes by falling through the tree canopy to safety, its small size protecting it from injury. ''Oreophrynella macconnelli'' is also called the waterfall toad. References Oreophrynella Amphibians described in 1900 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Guayana Esequiba {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Huberi
''Oreophrynella huberi'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and swamps. Conservation status It is classed as vulnerable as it is known from a single location in Bolivar State, Cerro El Sol, to the north-east of the Auyán-tepui Auyán Tepui (), also spelled Ayan, is a tepui in Bolívar, Venezuela, Bolívar state, Venezuela.Huber, O. (1995). Geographical and physical features. In: P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst & K. Yatskievych (eds.) ''Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Flora of t .... References Oreophrynella Endemic fauna of Venezuela Amphibians described in 1987 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians of the Tepuis {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Vasquezi
''Oreophrynella vasquezi'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Venezuela and possibly Guyana. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ...s. It is known from a single location, Ilú-tepui. References Oreophrynella Amphibians described in 1994 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians of the Tepuis {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oreophrynella Cryptica
''Oreophrynella cryptica'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ... to Auyan-tepui, Venezuela, and is classed as vulnerable because of its restricted range. Sources Oreophrynella Endemic fauna of Venezuela Amphibians described in 1995 Taxa named by Josefa Celsa Señaris Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians of the Tepuis {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufonid
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, ''Bufo'' being the best known. History Bufonidae is thought to have originated in South America. Some studies date the origin of the group to after the breakup of Gondwana, about 78 - 98 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous. In contrast, other studies have dated the origin of the group to the early Paleocene. The bufonids likely radiated out of South America during the Eocene, with the entire radiation occurring during the Eocene to Oligocene, marking an extremely rapid divergence likely facilitated by the Paleogene's changing climatic conditions. Taxonomy The following phylogeny of most genera in the family is based on Portik and Papenfuss, 2015:, Chan ''et al.'', 2016, Chandramouli ''et al.'', 2016 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wei-Assipu-tepui
Wei-Assipu-tepui, also known as Little Roraima or Roraimita,McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). ''Sarraceniaceae of South America''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. is a minor tepui of the Eastern Tepuis chain. It lies just off the northeastern flank of Roraima-tepui in the country of Brazil, directly on the border with neighboring Guyana in the disputed Guayana Esequiba territory, and very close to the tripoint of all three countries. The mountain is known for its extensive cave systems, with one extending for over a kilometre. Carreño, R., J. Nolla & J. Astort (December 2002)Cavidades del Wei-Assipu-tepui, Macizo del Roraima, Brasil ''Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Espeleología'' 36: 36–45. Wei-Assipu-tepui has a maximum elevation of around . Its summit plateau is highly dissected and generally inclined south-southwest (towards the Brazilian side). The rocky summit is partially forested, with flowering plants of the genus ''Bonneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
