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Ophiusa
Ophiussa, also spelled Ophiusa, is the ancient name given by the ancient Greeks to what is now Portuguese territory near the mouth of the river Tagus. It means Land of Serpents. The expulsion of the ''Oestrimni'' The 4th century Roman poet Rufius Festus Avienius, writing on geographical subjects in ''Ora Maritima'' ("Seacoasts"), a document inspired by a Greek mariners' Periplus, related that the '' Oestriminis'' (''Extreme West'' in Latin) was peopled by the ''Oestrimni'', a people who had been living there for a long time; they had to flee their homeland after an invasion of serpents. These people could be linked to the ''Saephe'' (Saefs) or ''Ophis'' ("People of the Serpents") and the ''Dragani'' ("People of the Dragons"), who came to those lands and built the territorial entity the Greeks termed ''Ophiussa''. The expulsion of the Oestrimni, from ''Ora Maritima:'' The "serpent people" of the semi-mythical Ophiussa in the far west are noted in ancient Greek sources. La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oestriminis
In Latin poetry Oestreminis ("Extreme West") was a name given to the territory of what is today modern Portugal and Galicia, comparable to ''Finis terrae'', the "end of the earth" from a Mediterranean perspective. Its inhabitants were named Oestrimni from their location. In ''Ora Maritima'' ("Seacoasts"), a poem inspired by a much earlier Greek mariners' ''periplus'', Rufus Avienius Festus, Roman poet of the fourth century CE known for his pieces on geographical subjects, records that ''Oestriminis'' was peopled by the ''Oestrimni'', a people who had lived there for a long time, and had to run away from their native lands after an invasion of serpents. His fanciful account has no archeological or historical application, but the poetical name has sometimes been ambitiously applied to popularized accounts of the Paleolithic inhabitants of Atlantic Iberia. The expulsion of the ''Oestrimni'', from ''Ora Maritima:'' The "serpent people" of the semi-mythical Ophiussa in the far we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece ( el, Ἑλλάς, Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity ( AD 600), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories. Most of these regions were officially unified only once, for 13 years, under Alexander the Great's empire from 336 to 323 BC (though this excludes a number of Greek city-states free from Alexander's jurisdiction in the western Mediterranean, around the Black Sea, Cyprus, and Cyrenaica). In Western history, the era of classical antiquity was immediately followed by the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine period. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the Archaic period and the colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the age of Classical G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wyvern
A wyvern ( , sometimes spelled wivern) is a legendary winged dragon that has two legs. The wyvern in its various forms is important in heraldry, frequently appearing as a mascot of schools and athletic teams (chiefly in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada). It is a popular creature in European literature, mythology, and folklore. Today, it is often used in fantasy literature and video games. The wyvern in heraldry and folklore is rarely fire-breathing, unlike four-legged dragons. Etymology According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the word is a development of Middle English ''wyver'' (attested fourteenth century), from Anglo-French ''wivre'' (cf. French ''guivre'' and ''vouivre''), which originate from Latin ''vīpera'', meaning "viper", "adder", or "asp". The concluding "''–n''" had been added by the beginning of the 17th century, when John Guillim in 1610 describes the "''wiverne''" as a creature that "partake of a Fowle in the Wings and Legs ... and doth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Latin Library
The Latin Library is a website that collects public domain Latin texts. It is run by William L. Carey, adjunct professor of Latin and Roman Law at George Mason University. The texts have been drawn from different sources, are not intended for research purposes nor as substitutes for critical editions, and may contain errors. There are no translations at the site. See also *Latin literature *Corpus Corporum *Library of Latin Texts The Library of Latin Texts (LLT) is a subscription-based database of Latin texts, from antiquity up to the present day. Started in 1991 as the ''Cetedoc Library of Christian Latin Texts'' (CLCLT), it continues to be developed by the ''Centre ‘T ... References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Latin Library Latin-language literature Computing in classical studies American digital libraries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of Portuguese History
__NOTOC__ This is a timeline of Portuguese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Portugal and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Portugal. Centuries: 3rd BC 2nd BC 1st BC3rd 5th 6th8th9th 10th 11th12th 13th 14th 15th16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 3rd century BC 2nd century BC 1st century BC 3rd century 5th century 6th century 8th century 9th century 10th century 11th century 12th century 13th century 14th century 15th century 16th century 17th century 18th century 19th century 20th century 21st century References Bibliography ;in English * * * * * * * ;in Portuguese * . 1885? * * External links * * {{cite web , url= https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/chronology/#?geo=eu, title= Iberian Peninsula , work= Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History , publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sepharad
Sepharad ( or ; ''Səp̄āraḏ''; also ''Sefarad'', ''Sephared'', ''Sfard'') is the Hebrew name for Spain. A place called Sepharad, probably referring to Sardis in Lydia ('Sfard' in Lydian), in the Book of Obadiah (, 6th century BC) of the Hebrew Bible. The name was later applied to Spain and is analogous to Tzarfat or Ashkenaz. Version comparisons Obadiah 1:20 (trans. Judaica Press)"And this exiled host of the children of Israel who are iththe Canaanites as far as Zarephath and the exile of Jerusalem which is in Sepharad shall inherit the cities of the southland" Obadiah 1:20 (NKJV)"And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel, that are among the Canaanites, even unto Zarephath, and the captivity of Jerusalem, that is in Sepharad, shall possess the cities of the South." et transmigratio exercitus huius filiorum Israhel omnia Chananeorum usque ad Saraptham et transmigratio Hierusalem quae in Bosforo est possidebit civitates austri. Abdias 1:20 (Douay-Rheims)"And the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lusitanian Mythology
Lusitanian mythology is the mythology of the Lusitanians, an Indo-European speaking people of western Iberia, in what was then known as Lusitania and Gallaecia. In present times, the territory comprises most of Portugal, Galicia, Extremadura and a small part of Salamanca. Lusitanian deities heavily influenced all of the religious practices in western Iberia, including Gallaecia as well. Lusitanian beliefs and practices intermingled with those of Roman deities after Lusitania was conquered.Katia Maia-Bessa and Jean-Pierre Martin (1999) Recently, a Vasconian substrate is starting to be recognized. Deities Main pantheon Through the Gallaecian-Roman inscriptions, a great pantheon of Gallaecian deities begins to emerge, sharing cults with other Celtic or Celticized peoples in the Iberian Peninsula, such as Astur — especially the more Western — or Lusitanian, but also the Gauls and Britons among others. However, because the borders shifted numerous times and Lusitanians and Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lusitania
Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and a portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and the province of Salamanca) lie. It was named after the Lusitani or Lusitanians, Lusitanian people (an Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people). Its capital was ''Emerita Augusta'' (currently Mérida, Spain), and it was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior, before becoming a province of its own in the Roman Empire. Romans first came to the territory around the mid-2nd century BC. A Lusitanian War, war with Lusitanian tribes followed, from 155 to 139 BC. In 27 BC, the province was created. Lusitania was and is often used as an alternative name for Portugal. Origin of the name The etymology of the name of the Lusitanians, Lusitani (who gave the Roman province its name) remains unclear. Popular etymology connected the name to a supposed Roman demigod Lusus, whereas some early-mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Portugal
The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis. The Roman invasion in the 3rd century BC lasted several centuries, and developed the Roman provinces of Lusitania in the south and Gallaecia in the north. Following the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes controlled the territory between the 5th and 8th centuries, including the Kingdom of the Suebi centred in Braga and the Visigothic Kingdom in the south. The 711–716 invasion by the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate conquered the Visigoth Kingdom and founded the Islamic State of Al-Andalus, gradually advancing through Iberia. In 1095, Portugal broke away from the Kingdom of Galicia. Henry's son Afonso Henriques proclaimed himself king of Portugal in 1139. The Algarve (the southernmost province in Portugal) conquered from the Moors in 1249, and in 1255 Lisbon became the capital. Portugal's land boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coco (folklore)
The Coco or Coca (also known as the Cucuy, Cuco, Cuca, Cucu or Cucuí) is a mythical ghost-like monster, equivalent to the bogeyman, found in many Hispanophone and Lusophone countries. It can also be considered an Iberian version of a bugbear as it is a commonly used figure of speech representing an irrational or exaggerated fear. The Cucuy is a male being while Cuca is a female version of the mythical monster. The "monster" will come to the house of disobedient children and make them "disappear". Names and etymology The myth of the ''Coco'', or ''Cucuy'', originated in northern Portugal and Galicia. According to the Real Academia Española, the word ''coco'' derives from the Galician and Portuguese ''côco'' , which means "coconut". The word ''coco'' is used in colloquial speech to refer to the human head in Spanish. ''Coco'' also means "skull". The word ''cocuruto'' in Portuguese means "the crown of the head" or "the highest place" and with the same etymology in Galicia, ''cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avienius
Postumius Rufius Festus Avienius (sometimes erroneously Avienus) was a Latin writer of the 4th century AD. He was a native of Volsinii in Etruria, from the distinguished family of the Rufii Festi. Avienius is not identical with the historian Festus. Background Avienius made somewhat inexact translations into Latin of Aratus' didactic poem ''Phaenomena''. He also took a popular Greek poem in hexameters, ''Periegesis,'' briefly delimiting the habitable world from the perspective of Alexandria, written by Dionysius Periegetes in a terse and elegant style that was easy to memorize for students, and translated it into an archaising Latin as his ''Descriptio orbis terrae'' ("Description of the World's Lands"). Only Book I survives, with an unsteady grasp of actual geography and some far-fetched etymologies: see Ophiussa. He wrote '' Ora Maritima'', a poem claimed to contain borrowings from the 6th-century BC ''Massiliote Periplus''.Donnchadh Ó Corráin Chapter 1 "Prehistoric and Ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthonic
The word chthonic (), or chthonian, is derived from the Ancient Greek word ''χθών, "khthon"'', meaning earth or soil. It translates more directly from χθόνιος or "in, under, or beneath the earth" which can be differentiated from Γῆ, or "ge", which speaks to the living surface of land on the earth. In Greek, chthonic is a descriptive word for things relating to the underworld and can be used in the context of chthonic gods, chthonic rituals, chthonic cults, and more. This is as compared to the more commonly referenced Olympic gods and their associated rites and cults. Olympic gods are understood to reference that which exists above the earth, particularly in the sky. Gods that are related to agriculture are also considered to have chthonic associations as planting and growing takes place in part under the earth. Chthonic deities Chthonic and ouranic, or olympic, are not completely opposite descriptors. They do not cleanly differentiate types of gods and worship int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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