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Operation Véronique
Operation Véronique was an unsuccessful military operation undertaken by the French Army during the Algerian War in the hope of eradicating the FLN. Background The Algerian War after the Toussaint Rouge terror attacks, was centred on the Aurès (and to a lesser extent the Kabylia, and Constantine) mountains, because of a lack of FLN influence in other parts of the country. That knowledge made the French launch multiple operations into the mountains in the hope of halting the FLN's fledgling rebellion. Battle The operation, which was one of the first ones in the Algerian War, encompassed the region of the Ahmar Khaddou mountain in the Aurès. The Operation was developed by the chief of staff of the army, André Zeller, and the chief of staff of the Algerian army, Paul Cherriére. The goal of the operation was to isolate the ALN combatants from the population, who, deprived of supplies by closures, controls and rationing, would no longer provide logistical support to these co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aurès
, native_name_lang = , settlement_type = Natural region , image_skyline = Ras el Aïoun.jpg , image_alt = , image_caption = Landscape of the Aurès in Ras el Aïoun , image_flag = , flag_alt = , image_seal = , seal_alt = , image_shield = , shield_alt = , nickname = , motto = , image_map = Localisation aures.svg , map_alt = , map_caption = A map of northern Algeria showing the location of the Aurès region in red and the greater region in green , pushpin_map = , pushpin_label_position = , pushpin_map_alt = , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , coor_pinpoint = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Algeria , to a lesser extent Tunisia , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toussaint Rouge
(, "Red All Saints' Day"), also known as ("Bloody All-Saints' Day") is the name given to a series of 70 attacks committed by militant members of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) that took place on 1 November 1954—the Catholic festival of All Saints' Day—in French Algeria. It is usually taken as the starting date for the Algerian War which lasted until 1962 and led to Algerian independence from France. Background Attacks Between midnight and 2 am on the morning of All Saints' Day, 70 individual attacks were made by FLN militants against police, military and civilian Pieds noirs targets around French Algeria. Ten people were killed in the coordinated attacks. Reaction in Paris After hearing of the attacks, Francois Mitterrand, then Minister of the Interior, despatched two companies (600 men) of the (CRS) to Algeria. A total of three companies of paratroopers also arrived between 1 and 2 November. On 12 November 1954, Pierre Mendes France, President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battles Of The Algerian War
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Eckmühl
Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Man Publishing's house organ for articles and discussion about its wargaming products * ''The Operation'' (film), a 1973 British television film * ''The Operation'' (1990), a crime, drama, TV movie starring Joe Penny, Lisa Hartman, and Jason Beghe * ''The Operation'' (1992–1998), a reality television series from TLC * The Operation M.D., formerly The Operation, a Canadian garage rock band * "Operation", a song by Relient K from ''The Creepy EP'', 2001 Business * Business operations, the harvesting of value from assets owned by a business * Manufacturing operations, operation of a facility * Operations management, an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production Military and law enforcement * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilaya I
A wilayah ( ar, وَلاية, wālāya or ''wilāya'', plural ; Urdu and fa, ولایت, ''velâyat''; tr, vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", " province" or occasionally as "governorate". The word comes from the Arabic root "''w-l-y''", "to govern": a ''wāli''—"governor"—governs a ''wālāya'' (or ''wilāya''), "that which is governed". Under the Caliphate, the term referred to any constituent near-sovereign state. Use in specific countries In Arabic, ''wilayah'' is used to refer to the states of the United States, and the United States of America as a whole is called ''al-Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah'', literally meaning "the American United States". North Africa and Middle East For Morocco, which is divided into provinces ''and'' wilāyas, the translation "province" would cause the distinction to cease. For Sudan, the term ''state'' and for Mauritania, the term ''region'' is used. * Provinces of Algeria * Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hit-and-run Tactics
Hit-and-run tactics are a tactical doctrine of using short surprise attacks, withdrawing before the enemy can respond in force, and constantly maneuvering to avoid full engagement with the enemy. The purpose is not to decisively defeat the enemy or capture territory but to weaken enemy forces over time through raids, harassment, and skirmishing and limiting risk to friendly forces. Such tactics can also expose enemy defensive weaknesses and achieve a psychological effect on the enemy's morale. Hit-and-run is a favored tactic where the enemy overmatches the attacking force and any sustained combat is to be avoided, such as guerrilla warfare, militant resistance movements, and terrorism. However, regular army forces often employ hit-and-run tactics in the short term, usually in preparation for a later full-scale engagement with the enemy when and where conditions are more favorable. Examples of the latter include commando or other special forces attacks, reconnaissance-in-force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napalm
Napalm is an incendiary mixture of a gelling agent and a volatile petrochemical (usually gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel). The name is a portmanteau of two of the constituents of the original thickening and gelling agents: coprecipitated aluminium salts of naphthenic acid and palmitic acid. Napalm B is the more modern version of napalm (utilizing polystyrene derivatives) and, although distinctly different in its chemical composition, is often referred to simply as "napalm". A team led by chemist Louis Fieser originally developed napalm for the US Chemical Warfare Service in 1942 in a secret laboratory at Harvard University. Of immediate first interest was its viability as an incendiary device to be used in fire bombing campaigns during World War II; its potential to be coherently projected into a solid stream that would carry for distance (instead of the bloomy fireball of pure gasoline) resulted in widespread adoption in infantry flamethrowers as well. Napalm burns at temp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Army (Algeria)
The National Liberation Army or ALN ( ar, جيش التحرير الوطني الجزائري, translit=Jaīš al-taḥrīr al-waṭanī al-jazāʾirī; french: Armée de libération nationale) was the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front of Algeria during the Algerian War. After Algeria won its independence from France in 1962, the ALN was converted into the regular Algerian People's National Armed Forces. History Algerian Revolution The (National Liberation Front) was established by the (Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action) and organised in March 1954. Around two years later this group absorbed most but not all the Algerian nationalist organisations. It then re-organised itself and established a provisional government. This government included five members in executive and legislative bodies; all the members were district heads. During the ongoing war of independence in Algeria; Colonel Houari Boumedienne (the future President of Algeria) led the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Of Staff Of The French Army
The Chief of the Army Staff (french: Chef d'état-major de l'armée de terre, CEMAT) is the military head of the French Army. The chief directs the army staff and acts as the principal advisor to the Chief of the Defence Staff on subjects concerning the Army. As such, they ensure the operational preparedness of their service branch, express their need for military and civilian personnel, and are responsible for maintaining the discipline, morale and conduct of their troops. Special responsibilities can be assigned to them in relation to nuclear safety. The chief does not have a fixed term, nor an attached rank. In practice, however, a term has never exceeded five years and all chiefs since the late 1950s have been five–stars generals (OF–09). They are assisted in their duties by the Major General of the Army who will deputise if needed. General Pierre Schill is the current chief and has been serving since 22 July 2021. History Creation The office was originally created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmar Khaddou
Ahmar ( ar, أحمر (ʾaḥmar) meaning "red") or Al Ahmar (الاحمر) may refer to: Places *Ahmar Mountains, mountains in Ethiopia * Ahmar, Myanmar, town in Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar ;Containing the word Ahmar: *Al-Ras al-Ahmar, Palestinian Arab village in the Safad Subdistrict *Bab al-Ahmar, one of the nine historical gates of the Ancient City of Aleppo, Syria *Dahr El Ahmar, Lebanese village *Deir el Ahmar, Lebanese town * Khirbet ar-Ras al-Ahmar, Palestinian village in the Tubas Governorate of the West Bank *Rasm Al-Ahmar, Syrian village *Wadi al Ahmar, area within Sirte District Ahmar * Ahmar Mahboob, Australian Pakistani linguist and professor Al-Ahmar * Abdullah al-Ahmar (born 1936), Syrian politician *Dorotheus IV Ibn Al-Ahmar (died 1611), Melkite Patriarch of Antioch *Ismail ibn al-Ahmar (1387–1406), Moroccan historian Yemeni family * Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar (1933–2007), Yemeni politician *Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar (born 1945), Yemeni military officer * Sadiq a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine, Algeria
Constantine ( ar, قسنطينة '), also spelled Qacentina or Kasantina, is the capital of Constantine Province in northeastern Algeria. During Roman Empire, Roman times it was called Cirta and was renamed "Constantina" in honor of emperor Constantine the Great. It was the capital of the French department of Constantine (département), Constantine until 1962. Located somewhat inland, Constantine is about from the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, on the banks of the Rhumel River. Constantine is regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the commercial center of its region, and it has a population of about 450,000 (938,475Office National des Statistiques, Recensement General de la Population et de l’Habitat 2008 2008 population census. Accessed on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabylia
Kabylia ('' Kabyle: Tamurt n Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', meaning "Land of Kabyles", '','' meaning "Land of the Tribes") is a cultural, natural and historical region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia. History Antiquity Kabylia was a part of the Kingdom of Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC). List of Empires/Dynasties created by the Kabyle people * Zirid Dynasty * Hammadid Dynasty * Fatimid Caliphate * Taifa of Alpuente * Taifa of Granada * Kingdom of Beni Abbes * Kingdom of Kuku Middle Ages The history of Kabylie started to appear in the classical books during the fourth century AD with the revolt of the commander Firmus and his brother Guildon against the empire. The Vandals, a Germanic people, established a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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