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Operation Blumenpflücken
Operation Blumenpflücken ( en, Operation Flower Picking) was a counter- resistance operation in occupied Norway, planned and carried out by the Gestapo/Sicherheitspolizei in 1944 and early 1945. It was planned by Ernst Weiner, and was a part of the ''Gegenterror'' organized to weaken the Norwegian resistance. The purpose was not to terrorize or liquidate central resistance leaders, but rather to capture and kill other known Norwegians and hide the real purpose. According to Arnfinn Moland, the killings were made to look like actions by the Norwegian resistance (Home Front), specifically the Communist parts of it. Many believed the deception well into the 1990s. Egil Ulateig's 1996 book ''Med rett til å drepe'', with consultant help from Hans Fredrik Dahl, made such a claim about two of the Blumenpflücken victims. During the war, even some of the German participants thought the initiative had come from Siegfried Fehmer or the Reichskommissariat Norwegen. Arnfinn Moland also cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Resistance Movement
The Norwegian resistance (Norwegian: ''Motstandsbevegelsen'') to the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany began after Operation Weserübung in 1940 and ended in 1945. It took several forms: *Asserting the legitimacy of the exiled government, and by implication the lack of legitimacy of Vidkun Quisling's pro-Nazi regime and Josef Terboven's military administration *The initial defence in Southern Norway, which was largely disorganised, but succeeded in allowing the government to escape capture *The more organised military defence and counter-attacks in parts of Western and Northern Norway, aimed at securing strategic positions and the evacuation of the government *Armed resistance, in the form of sabotage, commando raids, assassinations and other special operations during the occupation *Civil disobedience and unarmed resistance Asserting legitimacy of exiled Norwegian government The Norwegian government of Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold, with the exception of foreign mini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tore Pryser
Tore Pryser (born 9 January 1945) is a Norwegian historian, who has served as professor at the Lillehammer University College since 1993. Born in Oslo, he took a cand.philol. degree at the University of Oslo. He was appointed at the Lillehammer University College in 1975, became associate professor in 1978, and was promoted to professor in 1993. Pryser has specialized in several fields. In the field of Norwegian nineteenth- and twentieth-century history, his 1985 tome ''Norsk historie 1800–1870. Frå standssamfunn til klassesamfunn'' is influential. In 1999 it was republished in an abridged version, ''Norsk historie 1814–1860, Frå standssamfunn mot klassesamfunn'', as volume four of '' Samlagets norske historie'', a series on Norwegian history spanning the years 800 to 2000. As the title indicates, Pryser's book has a social perspective on the period. In the field of Norwegian labor history, his publications include ''Klassebevegelse eller folkebevegelse? En sosialhistor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military History Of Norway During World War II
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 In Norway
Events in the year 1945 in Norway. Incumbents *Government in Exile (in London) until 9 May ** Monarch – Haakon VII ** Prime Minister – Johan Nygaardsvold ( Labour Party) until 25 June, Einar Gerhardsen ( Labour Party) *German Military Governor ** Reichskommissar in Norway – Josef Terboven until 7 May, Franz Böhme until 8 May * German Puppet Government in Oslo ** Minister-President – Vidkun Quisling ( National Unification) until 8 May Events *8 February – Karl Marthinsen was assassinated. *9 February – 29 Norwegians were executed by the Nazi regime in Norway as reprisal of Marthinsen's death, among others Jon Vislie, Kaare Sundby and Haakon Sæthre. The extent and severity of the reprisals shocked the Norwegian population and government-in-exile, resulting in a general moratorium against targeted killings of high-ranking Nazi officials. *9 February – Black Friday: a large air battle between German and British aircraft over Sunnfjord. It was the largest aerial cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 In Norway
Events in the year 1944 in Norway. Incumbents *Government in Exile (in London) ** Monarch – Haakon VII ** Prime Minister – Johan Nygaardsvold ( Labour Party) *German Military Governor ** Reichskommissar in Norway – Josef Terboven * German Puppet Government in Oslo ** Minister-President – Vidkun Quisling ( National Unification) Events * 3 April – The German battleship was bombed and damaged by British carrier-borne aircraft at Kåfjorden in Alta. * 20 April – The German ammunition transport ''Voorbode'' accidentally explodes in the harbour of the Western Norway city of Bergen, killing around 160 people and leaving some 5,000 homeless. * 3 October – Soviet troops cross the border to Norway. * 4 October – British aircraft bomb the U-boat bunker "Bruno" and the dock area in Bergen harbour. As a result, 194 civilians, including 60 children, are killed. * 25 October – the Petsamo–Kirkenes Offensive the Red Army liberates Kirkenes, the first town in Norway to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aker, Norway
Aker was a former independent municipality in Akershus, Norway, that constitutes the vast majority of the territory of the modern city of Oslo. The name originally belonged to a farm which was located near the current Old Aker Church. The church in turn became the source of the name of the parish and later municipality as well as Akershus Fortress, the main fief and main county of Akershus which included most of Eastern Norway until 1919, the smaller county of Akershus, and numerous institutions within this area. Aker municipality was in terms of population by far the largest municipality of Akershus county and surrounded the capital city of Christiania (renamed Oslo in 1925) until 1948; Aker was 27 times larger than the capital it surrounded. In the late 19th century Aker ceded some of its territory to Christiania, and in 1948 Aker merged completely with Oslo municipality to create the modern, vastly enlarged Oslo municipality. The merger was unpopular in Aker, which at the time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oslo
Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of in 2019, and the metropolitan area had an estimated population of in 2021. During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken. Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 under the name Ánslo, and established as a ''kaupstad'' or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada. The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in honour of the king. It became a municipality ('' formannskapsdistrikt'') on 1 January 1838. The city fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Purge In Norway After World War II
The purge in Norway after World War II was a purge that took place between May 1945 and August 1948 against anyone who was deemed to have collaborated with the German occupation of the country. Several thousand Norwegians and foreign citizens were tried and convicted for crimes committed in Scandinavia during the Second World War. However, the scope, legal basis, and fairness of these trials has since been a matter of some debate. A total of 40 people—including Vidkun Quisling, the Prime Minister of Norway during the occupation—were executed after capital punishment was reinstated in Norway. Thirty-seven of those executed were executed under Norwegian law, while the other three were executed under Allied military law. A further five were sentenced to death and executed in Poland for their actions in Norway. Background The German invasion of Norway during World War II created a number of constitutional issues, chiefly related to what was the legitimate Norwegian government, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norsk Krigsleksikon 1940-45
Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to: *Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe *Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway *Demographics of Norway *The Norwegian language, including the two official written forms: **Bokmål, literally "book language", used by 85–90% of the population of Norway **Nynorsk, literally "New Norwegian", used by 10–15% of the population of Norway *The Norwegian Sea Norwegian or may also refer to: Norwegian *Norwegian Air Shuttle, an airline, trading as Norwegian **Norwegian Long Haul, a defunct subsidiary of Norwegian Air Shuttle, flying long-haul flights *Norwegian Air Lines, a former airline, merged with Scandinavian Airlines in 1951 *Norwegian coupling, used for narrow-gauge railways *Norwegian Cruise Line, a cruise line *Norwegian Elkhound, a canine breed. *Norwegian Forest cat, a domestic feline breed *Norwegian Red, a breed of dairy cattle *Norwegian Township, Schuylkill County, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berit Nøkleby
Berit Nøkleby (25 September 1939 – 26 July 2018) was a Norwegian historian. She was born in Drammen, and is a cand.philol. by education. She has contributed to several books on the German occupation of Norway. She wrote book II and IV of the series ''Norge i krig I–VIII. Fremmedåk og frihetskamp 1940–1945'' (II: ''Nyordning'', 1985, and IV: ''Holdningskamp'', 1986). She wrote the book ''Josef Terboven. Hitlers mann i Norge'' (1992), and she was co-editor of the encyclopaedia ''Norsk Krigsleksikon 1940–1945 ''Norsk krigsleksikon 1940–1945'' is a Norwegian encyclopaedia covering the Second World War. It was issued in 1995 by the publishing house J.W. Cappelen. The editorial staff consisted of five editors: Hans Fredrik Dahl, Guri Hjeltnes, Berit N ...'' (1995). She died at the age of 78.Death announcement, ''Aftenposten'' 2 August 2018 p. 33 Selected works *''Nyordning'' (1985) *''Holdningskamp'' (1986) *''Pass godt på Tirpitz! : norske radioagenter i Secret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigurd Roll
Sigurd Emil Roll (14 October 1893 – 24 June 1944) was a Norwegian diplomat and former sprinter who was executed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He had a brother William Roll (diplomat). Early life and family Roll was born in Chicago, IL to Wilhelm Jørgen Roll (born 1864 in Asker, Norway) and Sofia Jensen (born 1868 in Asker, Norway). Roll was married in 1918, and had four children. His son Finn joined the Devil's Brigade during World War II. Olympic athlete As an athlete he became Norwegian champion in the 400 metres event in 1917.Norwegian championships, men's 400 metres – Norwegian Athletics Association He broke the Norwegian record this year, clocking in 50.9 seconds. He improved his own record to 50.7 seconds in 1920, but lost it to Einar Mangset the following season. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einar Hærland
Einar Hærland (3 January 1909 – 12 June 1944) was a Norwegian military officer who was executed during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. He was born in Solum as the son of Ole Hærland and his wife Marie, née Knudsen. Einar Hærland married and had two children, and the family settled in Oslo. Hærland had embarked on a military career, and was promoted to captain following the battles in Northern Norway during the Norwegian Campaign. When the fighting subsided, and Germany occupied Norway, he was hired in the police, while at the same time conducting illegal resistance work. When the Nazi police leader Gunnar Lindvig was assassinated by the Norwegian resistance in May 1944, Hærland was executed by Sicherheitspolizei officer Ernst Weiner as a reprisal. His execution marked the start of a broader retaliation operation called Operation Blumenpflücken. Hærland was buried at Vestre gravlund Vestre Gravlund is a cemetery in the Frogner borough of Oslo, Norwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
