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Open Access In Spain
In Spain, the national 2011 "Ley de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación" (Science, Technology and Innovation Act) requires open access publishing for research that has been produced with public funding. The first peer-reviewed open access Spanish journal, ''Relieve'', began in 1995. Publishers CSIC Press and Hipatia Press belong to the international Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. Repositories There are a number of collections of scholarship in Spain housed in digital open access repositories. They contain journal articles, book chapters, data, and other research outputs that are free to read. As of March 2018, the UK-based Directory of Open Access Repositories lists some 131 repositories in Spain. Those with the most digital assets include Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert, Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa, GREDOS (of Universidad de Salamanca), Biblioteca Virtual del Patrimonio Bibliográfico (of Ministry of Culture), and Digital CSIC (of Spanish National Res ...
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Open Access Publications In Spain 1990 To 2018 OpenAIRE
Open or OPEN may refer to: Music * Open (band), Australian pop/rock band * The Open (band), English indie rock band * ''Open'' (Blues Image album), 1969 * ''Open'' (Gotthard album), 1999 * ''Open'' (Cowboy Junkies album), 2001 * ''Open'' (YFriday album), 2001 * ''Open'' (Shaznay Lewis album), 2004 * ''Open'' (Jon Anderson EP), 2011 * ''Open'' (Stick Men album), 2012 * ''Open'' (The Necks album), 2013 * ''Open'', a 1967 album by Julie Driscoll, Brian Auger and the Trinity * ''Open'', a 1979 album by Steve Hillage * "Open" (Queensrÿche song) * "Open" (Mýa song) * "Open", the first song on The Cure album ''Wish'' Literature * ''Open'' (Mexican magazine), a lifestyle Mexican publication * ''Open'' (Indian magazine), an Indian weekly English language magazine featuring current affairs * ''OPEN'' (North Dakota magazine), an out-of-print magazine that was printed in the Fargo, North Dakota area of the U.S. * Open: An Autobiography, Andre Agassi's 2009 memoir Computin ...
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It has 193 member states and 12 associate members, as well as partners in the non-governmental, intergovernmental and private sector. Headquartered at the World Heritage Centre in Paris, France, UNESCO has 53 regional field offices and 199 national commissions that facilitate its global mandate. UNESCO was founded in 1945 as the successor to the League of Nations's International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.English summary). Its constitution establishes the agency's goals, governing structure, and operating framework. UNESCO's founding mission, which was shaped by the Second World War, is to advance peace, sustainable development and human rights by facilitating collaboration and dialogue among nations. It pursues this objective t ...
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Red De Bibliotecas Universitarias Españolas
The Red de Bibliotecas Universitarias Españolas (REBIUN; English: University Libraries Network) facilitates cooperation among academic libraries in Spain. It formed in 1988, and in 1996 absorbed the Conferencia de Directores de Bibliotecas Universitarias y Científicas Españolas (COBIDUCE). Since 1998 it represents library interests in the . History Founding membership of REBIUN consisted of libraries of the Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Universidad de Barcelona, Universidad de Cantabria, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Universidad de Oviedo, Universidad del País Vasco, Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, and Universidad de Sevilla. See also * List of libraries in Spain References :''This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia The Spanish Wikipedia ( es, Wikipedia en español) is a Spanish-language edition of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. It has articles. Started in May 2001, it ...
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Journal Of The Association For Information Science And Technology
The ''Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology'' is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of information science published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Association for Information Science and Technology. The journal publishes original research and rapid communications, as well as book reviews and announcements of the association. Occasional special issues appear with contents focused on a single topic area. History The journal was established in 1950 as a quarterly entitled ''American Documentation''. The new journal was a publication of the American Documentation Institute (ADI), which had formed in 1937 around a group of researchers and practitioners who were interested in the emerging technology of microfilm as a medium for the preservation and dissemination of documents and knowledge. Many of the same people and institutions were involved in a pre-war American Library Association journal called ''The Journal of Documentar ...
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Fundación Española Para La Ciencia Y La Tecnología
The Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) (English: Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology) is an independent nonprofit organization in Spain that promotes Spanish science and technology. It formed in 2001, and receives funding from the national Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (former Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia). References :''This article incorporates information from the Spanish Wikipedia The Spanish Wikipedia ( es, Wikipedia en español) is a Spanish-language edition of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia. It has articles. Started in May 2001, it reached 100,000 articles on March 8, 2006 and 1,000,000 articles on May 16, 2013 ....'' External links Official site {{science-org-stub Scientific organisations based in Spain 2001 establishments in Spain ...
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Science And Technology In Spain
Science and technology in Spain relates to the set of policies, plans and programs carried out by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and other organizations aimed at research, development and innovation (R&D&I), as well as the reinforcement Spanish scientific and technological infrastructures and facilities such as universities and commercial laboratories. Spain has become the ninth scientific power in the world with 2.5% of the total number of scientific publications, thus surpassing Russia in the world ranking of scientific production and surpassing Switzerland and Australia in scientific quality. Regulations Science Law of 1986 Law 13/1986 on the "Promotion and General Coordination of Scientific and Technical Research" placed science for the first time on the Spanish political agenda, laying the foundations for research, as well as its financing, organization and coordination between the State and the autonomous regions. That regulation also led to the birt ...
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Redalyc
The Redalyc project (''Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y El Caribe, España y Portugal'') is a bibliographic database and a digital library of Open Access journals, supported by the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México with the help of numerous other higher education institutions and information systems. The project started in October 2002 with the general aim of building a scientific information system made up by the leading journals of all the knowledge areas edited in and about Latin America. Since its creation, its goal is: to give visibility to the scientific production generated in Ibero-America, that is underestimated worldwide due to various factors like low investment in science and technology, low participation of Latin American scientists in some of the main currents of science, as measured by percentage of articles by Latin American authors in established electronic databases e.g., MEDLINE, and the low impact of that production. Participation, m ...
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Media Of Spain
Mass media in Spain includes a variety of online, print, and broadcast formats, such as radio, television, newspapers, and magazines. Mass media groups A list of the main mass media groups is presented as follows: Books Magazines Many in Spain read ''¡Hola!''. Newspapers The most widely read newspaper in Spain is ''El Pais''. Radio Television Internet See also * Cinema of Spain * Telecommunications in Spain * * Spanish literature * * Open access in Spain References Bibliography ;in English * Alonso, Paul. ''Hybrid Alternative Digital-Native Media in Latin America during the Pandemic: Two Peruvian Cases of Entrepreneurial Journalism Hosted from Spain.'' Journal of Latin American Communication Research, 2022. * * (includes broadcasting) * * * ;in Spanish * External links * * * {{Europe topic, Media of Spain Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto ...
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List Of Libraries In Spain
This is a list of libraries in Spain. National libraries * National Library of Spain Autonomous community libraries * Andalusia Library * Aragon Library * Asturias Library * Central Library of Cantabria * Castile and Leon Library * Castile-La Mancha Library * Library of Catalonia * Extremadura Library * Library of Galicia * La Rioja Library * Madrid Regional Library * Murcia Regional Library * Navarre Library * Valencian Library Public libraries Andalusia * Almería Public Library * Cádiz Public Library * Córdoba Public Library * Granada Public Library * Huelva Public Library * Jaén Public Library * Málaga Public Library * Seville Public Library *Jerez Central Public Library ( es) *Algeciras Municipal Library Catalonia * Lleida Public Library Valencian Community * Public Library of Valencia Other * Toledo Public Library (Spain) University libraries * University of Santiago de Compostela Library * University of Salamanca Library * University of B ...
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Internet In Spain
This article is about the Internet in Spain. History RETD was the first public data network in the world when it became operational in 1972. It evolved into Iberpac. Status * Internet users: 42.40 million users; 91.0% of the population (2020) * Fixed broadband: 33.6 million subscriptions, 13th in the world; 83.4% of the population, 37th in the world (2019). * Mobile broadband: 25.0 million subscriptions, 13th in the world; 53.2% of the population, 24th in the world (2012)."Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE,

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Education In Spain
Education in Spain is regulated by the ''Ley Orgánica 8/2013, de 9 de diciembre, para la mejora de la calidad educativa'' (LOMCE, Organic Law for the improvement of educational quality) that expands upon Article 27 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The Spanish education system is compulsory and free for all children aged between 6 and 16 years and is supported by the national government together with the governments of each of the country's 17 Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous communities. In Spain, primary school and secondary school are considered basic (obligatory) education. These are ''Primary education, Primaria'' (6–12 years old), which is the Spanish equivalent of elementary school and the first year of middle school, and ''Secondary school, Secundaria'' (12–16 years old), which would be a mixture of the last two years of middle school and the first two years of High school (North America), High school in the United States. Spain is working towards ref ...
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