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Online Brand Defense
Online brand defense is a concept in consumer behavior. It refers to the situation where a consumer defends a brand against criticisms on online platforms. The reason why a consumer does this varies. It might be due to attachment to the brand. It could also be due to belief in the brand's high product quality leading to the perception that the criticisms are unjustified. Since the early 21st century, the concept of online brand defense has drawn scholarly interests within the field of marketing, in particular consumer psychology. Many experts in this field have been discussing ways to induce online brand defense in one's customers, because such behavior is thought to help defend the brand against negative word-of-mouth. Notable Examples of Online Brand Defense *Former Democratic Party Hong Kong chairperson Emily Lau once openly complained Cathay Pacific, stating there was no beef in the beef porridge served. Owing to Lau's political stance, she was attacked by some internet use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consumer Behavior
Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour. Consumer behaviour emerged in the 1940–1950s as a distinct sub-discipline of marketing, but has become an interdisciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, marketing, and economics (especially behavioural economics). The study of consumer behaviour formally investigates individual qualities such as demographics, personality lifestyles, and behavioural variables (such as usage rates, usage occasion, loyalty, brand advocacy, and willingness to provide referrals), in an attempt to understand people's wants and consumption patterns. Consumer behaviour also investigates on the influences on the consumer, from social g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathay Pacific
Cathay Pacific Airways Limited (CPA), more widely known as Cathay Pacific (), is the flag carrier of Hong Kong, with its head office and main hub located at Hong Kong International Airport. The airline's operations and subsidiaries have scheduled passenger and cargo services to over 190 destinations and present in more than 60 countries worldwide including codeshares and joint ventures. Cathay Pacific operates a fleet consisting of Airbus A321, Airbus A321neo, Airbus A330, Airbus A350, and Boeing 777 aircraft. Cathay Pacific Cargo operates two models of the Boeing 747. Defunct wholly owned subsidiary airline Cathay Dragon, which ceased operations in 2020, previously flew to 44 destinations in the Asia-Pacific region from its Hong Kong base. In 2010, Cathay Pacific and Cathay Pacific Cargo, together with Dragonair (then Cathay Dragon), carried nearly 27 million passengers and over 1.8 million tons of cargo and mail. The airline was founded on 24 September 1946 by Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Word-of-mouth Marketing
Word-of-mouth marketing (WOMM, WOM marketing, also called word of mouth advertising) differs from naturally occurring word of mouth, in that it is actively influenced or encouraged by organizations (e.g. 'seeding' a message in a networks rewarding regular consumers to engage in WOM, employing WOM 'agents'). While it is difficult to truly control WOM, research has shown that there are three generic avenues to 'manage' WOM for the purpose of WOMM: * build a strong WOM foundation (e.g. sufficient levels of satisfaction, trust and commitment), * indirect WOMM management which implies that managers only have a moderate amount of control (e.g. controversial advertising, teaser campaigns, customer membership clubs), * direct WOMM management, which has higher levels of control (e.g. paid WOM 'agents', "friend get friend" schemes). The success of word-of-mouth marketing depends largely on the nature of the rewards that are used. Research has shown that when the wrong incentives are use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quality Management
Quality management ensures that an organization, product or service consistently functions well. It has four main components: quality planning, quality assurance, quality control and quality improvement. Quality management is focused not only on product and service quality, but also on the means to achieve it. Quality management, therefore, uses quality assurance and control of processes as well as products to achieve more consistent quality. Quality control is also part of quality management. What a customer wants and is willing to pay for it, determines quality. It is a written or unwritten commitment to a known or unknown consumer in the market. Quality can be defined as how well the product performs its intended function. Evolution Quality management is a recent phenomenon but important for an organization. Civilizations that supported the arts and crafts allowed clients to choose goods meeting higher quality standards than normal goods. In societies where arts and crafts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brand Relationship
A consumer-brand relationship, also known as a Brand Relationship is the relationship that consumers think, feel, and have with a product or company brand (Fournier, 1998; Veloutsou, 2007). For more than half a century, scholarship has been generated to help managers and stakeholders understand how to drive favorable brand attitudes, brand loyalty, repeat purchase, customer lifetime value, customer advocacy, and communities of like-minded individuals organized around brands. Research has progressed with inspiration from attitude theory and, later, socio-cultural theories, but a perspective introduced in the early 1990s offered new opportunities and insights. The new paradigm focused on the relationships that formed between brands and consumers: an idea that had gained traction in business-to-business marketing scholarship where physical relationships formed between buyers and sellers. History Two catalysts can be credited for the brand relationship paradigm. Max Blackston's 1992 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Nationalism
Chinese nationalism () is a form of nationalism in the People's Republic of China (Mainland China) and the Republic of China on Taiwan which asserts that the Chinese people are a nation and promotes the cultural and national unity of all Chinese people. It is often equated with Han nationalism, although these two concepts are different. According to Sun Yat-sen's philosophy in the Three Principles of the People, Chinese nationalism should be a form of civic nationalism constructed on top of a united value, however this has not been fully recognized or applied in practice by successors. Modern Chinese nationalism emerged in the late Qing dynasty (1636–1912) in response to the humiliating defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War and the invasion and pillaging of Beijing by the Eight-Nation Alliance. In both cases, the aftermath forced China to pay financial reparations and grant special privileges to foreigners. The nationwide image of China as a superior Celestial Empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matt Yeung
Mat Yeung Ming (born 27 February 1981) is a Hong Kong television actor known for his roles as Lui Ting in ''Screen Play'' (2000), as Wan Po-yu in ''The 'W' Files'' (2003), as Tin Hoi in ''Be Home for Dinner'' (2011), and as Senior Inspector Jasper Kong in '' Master of Play'' (2012). Career In September 1998, Yeung signed a management contract with TVB after graduating from the company's 17th Artiste Training Class. He was given his first major role in the comedy-drama serial ''Screen Play'' (2000), where he portrayed Lui Ting, a character based on Nicholas Tse. Yeung was pushed by his company to compete in the male beauty pageant Mister World in 2000, and was misplaced. Yeung returned to Hong Kong and played a few more minor roles afterwards, before winning another major role in youth drama ''Aqua Heroes'' and mystery/adventure drama ''The 'W' Files'', both which aired in 2003. In 2005, his career was interrupted when Yeung was arrested for DUI and criminal damage. He was senten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Kong Airlines
Hong Kong Airlines Limited (stylised as HONGKONG AIRLINES) is an airline based in Hong Kong, with its headquarters in the Tung Chung district and its main hub at Hong Kong International Airport. It was established in 2006 as a member of the HNA Group and flies to 25 destinations across Asia Pacific. The company slogan was changed from ''Fresh + very Hong Kong'' to ''Where Hong Kong Begins''. History 2001–2006: The early years Robert Yip (), the chairman of China Rich Holdings, with business interests in Chinese medicine, internet portal, construction and property development, established CR Airways in Hong Kong on 28 March 2001. The airline received its Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) from the Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department (CAD) in 2002, with its first aircraft a Sikorsky S-76C+ helicopter, which could carry 12 passengers and fly at . It was Hong Kong's third commercial helicopter operator and the first helicopter operator to receive an AOC since Hong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emily Lau
Emily may refer to: * Emily (given name), including a list of people with the name Music * "Emily" (1964 song), title song by Johnny Mandel and Johnny Mercer to the film ''The Americanization of Emily'' * "Emily" (Dave Koz song), a 1990 song on Dave Koz's album ''Dave Koz'' * "Emily" (Bowling for Soup song), a 2003 song on Bowling for Soup's album ''Drunk Enough to Dance'' * "Emily" (2009), song on Clan of Xymox's album ''In Love We Trust'' * "Emily" (2019), song on Tourist's album ''Everyday'' * "Emily", song on Adam Green's album ''Gemstones'' * "Emily", song on Alice in Videoland's album ''Outrageous!'' * "Emily", song on Elton John's album '' The One'' * "Emily", song on Asian versions of Feeder's album ''Comfort in Sound'' * "Emily", song on From First to Last's album ''Dear Diary, My Teen Angst Has a Bodycount'' * "Emily", song on Kelly Jones' album '' Only the Names Have Been Changed'' * "Emily", song on Joanna Newsom's album '' Ys'' * "Emily", song on Manic Street Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consumer
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, or uses purchased goods, products, or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, who is not directly related to entrepreneurial or business activities. The term most commonly refers to a person who purchases goods and services for personal use. Consumer rights “Consumers, by definition, include us all," said President John F. Kennedy, offering his definition to the United States Congress on March 15, 1962. This speech became the basis for the creation of World Consumer Rights Day, now celebrated on March 15. In his speech : John Fitzgerald Kennedy outlined the integral responsibility to consumers from their respective governments to help exercise consumers' rights, including: *The right to safety: To be protected against the marketing of goods that are hazardous to health or life. *The right to be informed: To be protected against fraudulent, deceitful, or grossly misleading informatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Party Hong Kong
The Democratic Party (DP) is a centre-left liberal political party in Hong Kong. Chaired by Lo Kin-hei, it is the flagship party in the pro-democracy camp and currently has 7 elected representatives in the District Councils. The party was established in 1994 in a merger of the United Democrats of Hong Kong and Meeting Point in preparation for the 1995 Legislative Council election. The party won a landslide victory, received over 40 percent of the popular vote and became the largest party in the legislature in the final years of the British colonial era. It opposes the bloody crackdown on the Tiananmen protests of 1989 and called for the end of one-party rule of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); the party has long been seen as hostile to the Beijing authorities. Led by Martin Lee, the Democratic Party boycotted the Provisional Legislative Council (PLC) on the eve of the Hong Kong handover in 1997 in protest to Beijing's decision to dismantle the agreed transition, but reeme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Word-of-mouth Marketing
Word-of-mouth marketing (WOMM, WOM marketing, also called word of mouth advertising) differs from naturally occurring word of mouth, in that it is actively influenced or encouraged by organizations (e.g. 'seeding' a message in a networks rewarding regular consumers to engage in WOM, employing WOM 'agents'). While it is difficult to truly control WOM, research has shown that there are three generic avenues to 'manage' WOM for the purpose of WOMM: * build a strong WOM foundation (e.g. sufficient levels of satisfaction, trust and commitment), * indirect WOMM management which implies that managers only have a moderate amount of control (e.g. controversial advertising, teaser campaigns, customer membership clubs), * direct WOMM management, which has higher levels of control (e.g. paid WOM 'agents', "friend get friend" schemes). The success of word-of-mouth marketing depends largely on the nature of the rewards that are used. Research has shown that when the wrong incentives are use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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